Efficacy of imazethapyr applied alone and mixed with pendimethalin or imazamox in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and their residual effect on mustard (Brassica juncea) in two texturally different soils

An experiment was carried out at two locations, CCS HAU, Hisar and farmer’s field in Kheri Batter, Bhiwani to study the efficacy and phytotoxicity of different herbicides/combinations in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) during kharif 2013 and their carryover effect on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Coss.] crop in rabi season (2013-14). PRE application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha, ready mix (RM) of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (Valor) 1.0 kg/ha and tank mix (TM) at 500 g + 50 g/ha provided 93/83, 98/90 and 100/93 % control of weeds, respectively at Hisar/Kheri Battar locations up to 30 DAS, but at 60 DAS, due to the emergence of new flush of weeds, weed control was reduced to 65/45, 83/80 and 87/87% with the above treatments, respectively at both the locations. Ready/tank mix of pendimethalin + imazethapyr (1000 g and 500+50 g/ha) not only provided satisfactory weed control up to 60 DAS but also exhibited no phytotoxic effect on cluster bean. At 60 DAS, highest weed control (88 and 87%) was recorded with imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha 3 fb 6 WAS, respectively at Hisar and Kheri Battar locations which was at par with pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM and TM), imazethapyr + imazamox (Odyssey) 70 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha, 75 and 50 g of imazethapyr fb propaquizafop 3 fb 6 WAS at Kheri Battar, but the efficacy of Odyssey and imazethapyr 50 and 75 g fb propaquifzafop was lower under Hisar conditions due to heavy infestation of Trianthema portulacastrum. POE herbicides, except propaquizafop and pendimethalin showed crop phytotoxicity and growth suppression soon after application at higher rates, though plants recovered after 2 weeks and no injury was observed at later stages. Minimum weed dry weight, highest yield attributes and seed yield with maximum net return and B-C ratio was obtained under POE imazethapyr 100 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha, and pendimethalin 0.5 kg + imazethapyr 50 g/ha (TM), but both were statistically similar to each other and to pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM) 1.0 kg/ha and imazethapyr + imazamox 70 g/ha fb propaquizafop 62.5 g/ha as POE at Kheri Batter location, but at Hisar location only pendimethalin + imazethapyr (RM and TM) provided maximum net return and B-C ratio. There was no carry over effect of different herbicides used in cluster bean on succeeding mustard crop, probably due to herbicide detoxification through microbial degradation mediated by high temperature and moisture and possibly by leaching of herbicides because of 594.3 and 500.5 mm of rainfall in the crop growing season at both the locations, respectively

Caesarean scar pregnancy: a case report with review of management options

Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening complication. It is the abnormal implantation of gestational sac into myometrium and fibrous scar of previous cesarean section. Its incidence is on rising trend due to increase in rate of cesarean section all over the world. A thirty years old second gravida presented at eight weeks of gestation with complaints of bleeding per vaginum and pain lower abdomen. She was diagnosed as a case of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) on ultrasonography and confirmation of diagnosis was done on magnetic resonance imaging. Medical management of scar pregnancy was done successfully with combination of mifepristone and methotrexate. Cesarean scar pregnancy could be catastrophic, if not managed well in time. Management includes both surgical and medical options. Treatment has to be individualized depending on patient’s hemodynamic profile, size of gestational sac, desire for future fertility, compliance for follow up and availability of interventional radiology

The Role of Culture and Gender in E-commerce Entrepreneurship: Three Jordanian Case Studies

The number of entrepreneurs using e-commerce to start their own online business up is continuously growing. In this chapter, the current literature on e-commerce entrepreneurship is reviewed and attention is paid to the situation in Jordan, a representative Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) country. In particular, our focus is on the role of culture and gender on local potential, nascent and new e-entrepreneurs. Three Jordan case studies are presented (ZINC, Oasis500 and CashBasha), showing an increased attention and support for entrepreneurship in general, and e-entrepreneurship in particular, in Jordan. In addition, some special programs are aimed at promoting women e-entrepreneurship, since it is seen as a way to overcome some of the cultural barriers to female entrepreneurial activity