Physico-chemical and rheological properties of prato cheese during ripening

The influence of storage temperature (6, 12 and 18°C) on texture parameters of Prato cheese were evaluated during 22 days of ripening. A reduction of firmness, gumminess and elasticity was observed; however, cohesiveness and adhesiveness increased. With the increasing temperature, firmness and gumminess reduced, whereas the elasticity, cohesiveness and adhesiveness did not change. It can be concluded that storage temperature influences the texture profile of Prato cheese which present differences in the evaluated parameters during 22 days of ripening.Keywords: Cheese ripening, hard cheese, colour, texture profile analysis

A COLOCAÇÃO PRONOMINAL NA VISÃO DOS GRAMÁTICOS DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA

The objective article to show with clarity, of correct and systematic form, the use of the pronames in relation to the verb. Over all for the great amount of rules and exceptions presented in the Normative Grammar and difficulties in transmitting the language Portuguese. What almost always the use of the pronominal rank amongst other problemsresultsinme. In fact,the education of the Portuguese language in Brazil still is very deficient,for a set ofreasons, but, over all disciplinesfor them related it not to be worked of correct form, systematically and only orsimply taught superficially.O artigo objetiva mostrar com clareza, de forma correta e sistemática, o uso dos pronomes em relação ao verbo, no que tange í  colocação pronominal. A grande quantidade de regras e exceções apresentadas na Gramática Normativa gera dificuldades nos processos de ensino da lí­ngua portuguesa. O que quase sempre resulta na má utilização da colocação pronominal dentre outros problemas. De fato, o ensino da lí­ngua portuguesa no Brasil ainda émuito deficiente, por um conjunto de motivos, mas, sobretudo, pelas disciplinas relacionadas a ela não serem trabalhadas de forma correta e sistemática, simplesmente ensinadassuperficialmente

The ρ(1S,2S)\rho(1S,2S), ψ(1S,2S)\psi(1S,2S), Υ(1S,2S)\Upsilon(1S,2S) and ψt(1S,2S)\psi_t(1S,2S) mesons in a double pole QCD Sum Rule

We use the method of double pole QCD sum rule which is basically a fit with two exponentials of the correlation function, where we can extract the masses and decay constants of mesons as a function of the Borel mass. We apply this method to study the mesons: $\rho(1S,2S)$, $\psi(1S,2S)$, $\Upsilon(1S,2S)$ and $\psi_t(1S,2S)$. We also present predictions for the toponiuns masses $\psi_t(1S,2S)$ of m(1S)=357 GeV and m(2S)=374 GeV.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures in Braz J Phys (2016

Функції юридичної відповідальності в правовій науці України та Польщі

В статті автор аналізує та порівнює деякі аспекти дослідження функціонального призначення юридичної відповідальності в правовій науці України та Польщі.In article the author analyzes and compares some aspects of research of a legal responsibility functional purpose in a Ukrainian and Polish law theory

New approaches to measuring anthelminthic drug efficacy: parasitological responses of childhood schistosome infections to treatment with praziquantel

By 2020, the global health community aims to control and eliminate human helminthiases, including schistosomiasis in selected African countries, principally by preventive chemotherapy (PCT) through mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelminthics. Quantitative monitoring of anthelminthic responses is crucial for promptly detecting changes in efficacy, potentially indicative of emerging drug resistance. Statistical models offer a powerful means to delineate and compare efficacy among individuals, among groups of individuals and among populations.; We illustrate a variety of statistical frameworks that offer different levels of inference by analysing data from nine previous studies on egg counts collected from African children before and after administration of praziquantel.; We quantify responses to praziquantel as egg reduction rates (ERRs), using different frameworks to estimate ERRs among population strata, as average responses, and within strata, as individual responses. We compare our model-based average ERRs to corresponding model-free estimates, using as reference the World Health Organization (WHO) 90 % threshold of optimal efficacy. We estimate distributions of individual responses and summarize the variation among these responses as the fraction of ERRs falling below the WHO threshold.; Generic models for evaluating responses to anthelminthics deepen our understanding of variation among populations, sub-populations and individuals. We discuss the future application of statistical modelling approaches for monitoring and evaluation of PCT programmes targeting human helminthiases in the context of the WHO 2020 control and elimination goals

ANÁLISE DA DEPRESSÃO EM IDOSOS DE SÃO CAETANO DO SUL E OS FATORES ASSOCIADOS AVALIADOS PELA GDS-15

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in all age groups, being, in elderly, associated with more unusual signs and symptoms than in other ages, such as irritability, reduced functionality and slowed thinking. Questionnaires and scales can be used to screen symptoms in elderly, such as the Reduced Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), by Yesavage. This is an observational, cross-sectional, study, carried out using the GDS-15 scale and applied to elderly residents in São Caetano do Sul-SP, Brazil, and registered at UBS Amélia Locatelli and at the University Ambulatorial Center of the University of São Caetano do Sul. The objective is to analyze the prevalence of depression in elderly people from that city and its associated factors, according to the GDS-15. The conclusion was that 41 (73.21%) of 56 participants had a normal psychological condition, 13 had mild depression and 2 had severe depression. The total prevalence of depression was 26.78%, being higher in elderly women than in men (Ratio=1,34). The most selected question (29 times) was “Have you dropped many of your interests and activities?”, followed by “Would you rather stay home than go out and do new things?”, selected 25 times. Thus, isolation and loneliness, indirectly assessed in questions 2 and 9, are factors that influence depression, selected in 12 of the 15 scales applied with positive results for depressive conditions, reinforcing the correlation between quarantine, imposed by the COVID-19, and the rise of depression in the elderly population, as suggested by other studies.La depresión es el trastorno psiquiátrico más frecuente entre todas las edades, asociándose, en el caso de los ancianos, a señales y síntomas inusuales en otras edades, como la irritabilidad y lentitud del pensamiento. La Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), de Yesavage es una escala para detectar estos síntomas en ancianos. Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal, realizada mediante la Escala GDS-15, aplicada a ancianos residentes en São Caetano do Sul-SP, Brasil, (UBS Amélia Locatelli y Centro Universitario Ambulatorio de la Universidad de São Caetano do Sul). Buscamos analizar la prevalencia de depresión en ancianos de São Caetano do Sul y los factores asociados, evaluados por la GDS-15. Como resultado, 41 de los 56 participantes tenían un cuadro psicológico normal, 13 tenían depresión leve y 2 depresión severa. La prevalencia total de depresión fue del 26,78%, siendo mayor en mujeres ancianas que en hombres (R=1,34). La pregunta con la puntuación más alta ("¿Ha abandonado muchos de sus intereses y actividades?") fue seleccionada 29 veces, seguida de "¿Preferiría quedarse en casa que salir y hacer cosas nuevas?" puntuada 25 veces. Por lo tanto, fue posible concluir que el aislamiento y la soledad, evaluados indirectamente en las preguntas 2 y 9, son factores que influyen en la depresión, seleccionados en 12 de las 15 escalas aplicadas con resultados positivos para estados depresivos, reforzando la relación entre la cuarentena del COVID-19 y el aumento de la depresión en la población, como sugieren otros estudios.A depressão é o distúrbio psiquiátrico mais comum em todas as faixas etárias, sendo, no idoso, associada a sinais e sintomas mais incomuns que em outras idades, como irritabilidade, perda da funcionalidade e lentificação do raciocínio. Questionários e escalas podem ser utilizados para rastreio dos sintomas em idosos, como a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica reduzida (GDS-15), de Yesavage. Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, de caráter transversal, realizada através da Escala GDS-15 e aplicada em idosos residentes em São Caetano do Sul-SP, Brasil, e cadastrados na UBS Amélia Locatelli e no Centro Ambulatorial Universitário da Universidade de São Caetano do Sul. Buscou-se analisar a prevalência de depressão nesses idosos e os fatores associados, avaliados pela GDS-15. Como resultado, 41 (73,21%) dos 56 participantes apresentaram quadro psicológico normal, 13, quadro depressivo leve e 2, depressão severa. A prevalência total de depressão foi 26,78%, sendo maior nas idosas que nos homens (Relação=1,34). A pergunta mais pontuada (“Você deixou de lado muitos de seus interesses e atividades?”) foi selecionada 31 vezes, seguida de “Você prefere ficar em casa a sair e fazer coisas novas?”, pontuada 25 vezes. Concluiu-se que o isolamento e a solidão, indiretamente avaliados nas perguntas 2 e 9, são fatores que influenciam a depressão, selecionados em 12 das 15 escalas aplicadas com resultados positivos para quadros depressivos, reforçando a relação entre a quarentena, imposta pela pandemia da COVID-19, e o aumento da depressão na população idosa, como sugerido em outros estudos.A depressão é o distúrbio psiquiátrico mais comum em todas as faixas etárias, sendo, no idoso, associada a sinais e sintomas mais incomuns que em outras idades, como irritabilidade, perda da funcionalidade e lentificação do raciocínio. Questionários e escalas podem ser utilizados para rastreio dos sintomas em idosos, como a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica reduzida (GDS-15), de Yesavage. Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional, de caráter transversal, realizada através da Escala GDS-15 e aplicada em idosos residentes em São Caetano do Sul-SP, Brasil, e cadastrados na UBS Amélia Locatelli e no Centro Ambulatorial Universitário da Universidade de São Caetano do Sul. Buscou-se analisar a prevalência de depressão nesses idosos e os fatores associados, avaliados pela GDS-15. Como resultado, 41 (73,21%) dos 56 participantes apresentaram quadro psicológico normal, 13, quadro depressivo leve e 2, depressão severa. A prevalência total de depressão foi 26,78%, sendo maior nas idosas que nos homens (Relação=1,34). A pergunta mais pontuada (“Você deixou de lado muitos de seus interesses e atividades?”) foi selecionada 31 vezes, seguida de “Você prefere ficar em casa a sair e fazer coisas novas?”, pontuada 25 vezes. Concluiu-se que o isolamento e a solidão, indiretamente avaliados nas perguntas 2 e 9, são fatores que influenciam a depressão, selecionados em 12 das 15 escalas aplicadas com resultados positivos para quadros depressivos, reforçando a relação entre a quarentena, imposta pela pandemia da COVID-19, e o aumento da depressão na população idosa, como sugerido em outros estudos

HCV IRES manipulates the ribosome to promote the switch from translation initiation to elongation.

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) drives noncanonical initiation of protein synthesis necessary for viral replication. Functional studies of the HCV IRES have focused on 80S ribosome formation but have not explored its role after the 80S ribosome is poised at the start codon. Here, we report that mutations of an IRES domain that docks in the 40S subunit's decoding groove cause only a local perturbation in IRES structure and result in conformational changes in the IRES-rabbit 40S subunit complex. Functionally, the mutations decrease IRES activity by inhibiting the first ribosomal translocation event, and modeling results suggest that this effect occurs through an interaction with a single ribosomal protein. The ability of the HCV IRES to manipulate the ribosome provides insight into how the ribosome's structure and function can be altered by bound RNAs, including those derived from cellular invaders

Vector Transmission of Leishmania Abrogates Vaccine-Induced Protective Immunity

Numerous experimental vaccines have been developed to protect against the cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis caused by infection with the obligate intracellular protozoan Leishmania, but a human vaccine still does not exist. Remarkably, the efficacy of anti-Leishmania vaccines has never been fully evaluated under experimental conditions following natural vector transmission by infected sand fly bite. The only immunization strategy known to protect humans against natural exposure is “leishmanization,” in which viable L. major parasites are intentionally inoculated into a selected site in the skin. We employed mice with healed L. major infections to mimic leishmanization, and found tissue-seeking, cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells specific for Leishmania at the site of challenge by infected sand fly bite within 24 hours, and these mice were highly resistant to sand fly transmitted infection. In contrast, mice vaccinated with a killed vaccine comprised of autoclaved L. major antigen (ALM)+CpG oligodeoxynucleotides that protected against needle inoculation of parasites, showed delayed expression of protective immunity and failed to protect against infected sand fly challenge. Two-photon intra-vital microscopy and flow cytometric analysis revealed that sand fly, but not needle challenge, resulted in the maintenance of a localized neutrophilic response at the inoculation site, and removal of neutrophils following vector transmission led to increased parasite-specific immune responses and promoted the efficacy of the killed vaccine. These observations identify the critical immunological factors influencing vaccine efficacy following natural transmission of Leishmania