7,982 research outputs found
Antimicrobial use prior as a risk factor for developing extended-spectrum beta-lactamse-producing Klebsiella spp. in South Brazil
Technological Advances in Infant Formula Ingredients
The best source of nutrients for babies is breast milk. However, the baby formula offers a crucial alternative to nursing when it is not practical or viable to meet the growing childâs nutritional needs. Bovine milk has traditionally been used as a primary component in baby formula production. It is then prepared with additional nutrients and bioactive substances to resemble the makeup of human breastmilk closely. Bovine-based baby formula is the most accessible type of formula, but it is not appropriate for all newborns; thus, alternatives, including those based on caprine milk, soy, and rice protein, are becoming more readily available. The composition of baby formula made from soy, rice, caprine milk, and cowâs milk is thoroughly examined in this chapter. In addition, we cover the literature that is currently available on nutrient bio-accessibility and features of protein functioning that are pertinent to baby formula
Experimental study of slow sand filtration for the treatment of various wastewaters in tropical environment
Wastewater treatment by slow sand filtration is a biological process which consists in filtering wastewater through a porous media. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of this biotechnology under tropical climate. Three sand filters were monitored at ONAS (CambérÚne wastewater treatment plant in Dakar, Senegal). The filters were built with local materials, and were constituted with a feeding tank of approximately 180 litters, a column (two meters high and 30-25 cm diameter). The filters were filled with sand (75 cm), gravel (25 cm) and wastewater (90 cm). The results showed that with sand of d10 equal to 0.58 mm and flow rate of 0.05 m/h, the filtration cycle was relatively long for the first run with pretreated wastewater. At the level of the primary settling tank, with flow a rate of 0.08 m/h, the removal rates were about 12.75%, 16.31%, 12.92%, 5.45%, 7.09% and 10.50% for TSS, COD, BOD5, nitrogen phosphorus and faecal coliforms respectively. At the level of the clarifier, with a filtration of 0.15 m/h, the removals were 1.4% for TSS, 1.84% for COD, 1.09% for BOD5 11.38% for nitrogen, 5.18% for phosphorus and 1.74% of faecal coliforms.Keywords: Flow rate; filtration cycle, removal; sand filtration; tropical climate, wastewater
Classifying Soil Type Using Radar Satellite Images
The growth of the crop is dependent on soil type, apart from atmospheric
and geo-location characteristics. As of now, there is no direct and cost free method to measure soil property or to classify soil type. In this work, we proposed a machine learning model to classify soil type using Sentinel-1 satellite radar images. Further, the developed classifier
achieved 72.17% F1-score classifying sandy, free and clayish on a set
of 65003 data points collected over one year (from Oct 2018 to Sep 2019)
over 14 corn parcels near Ourique, Portugal
Characterization of the oral fungal microbiota in smokers and non-smokers
This study aimed to assess the effect of smoking on the biodiversity of the oral fungal microbiota of healthy young subjects, using an improved culture method that assesses both total and pathogenic viable fungi. Forty individuals (20 smokers and 20 nonâsmokers) were selected. All individuals presented fungal growth (100% for molds and 92.5% for yeasts), a prevalence higher than previously reported. The most commonly occurring molds were Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Cladosporium sp. Smokers presented significantly higher levels of yeasts and pathogenic molds than did nonâsmokers. No differences in fungal prevalence and diversity were observed in smokers and nonâsmokers following a 30âwk observation period. In conclusion, tobacco smoking may alter the oral mycobiota and facilitate colonization of the oral cavity with yeasts and pathogenic molds. The effect of chronic fungal colonization on the oral health of tobacco smokers cannot be neglected
Growth and yield of five irrigated spring wheat varieties as influenced by seeding rate in Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain of Bangladesh
Farmers in Bangladesh are always seeking an optimal seed rate to reduce production costs and increase wheat yield.
The Wheat Research Centre (WRC) of Bangladesh has developed new wheat varieties over several years. To reduce production
costs and obtain higher grain yield (GY) from these varieties, optimum seeding rates are needed. In this context, a two-year field
experiment was conducted with five newly released wheat varieties (âBARI Gom 24â, âBARI Gom 25â, âBARI Gom 26â, âBARI
Gom 27â and âBARI Gom 28â) and three seeding rates (100, 120 and 140 kg haâ1). These treatments were performed under
irrigation in the WRC research field in Northern Bangladesh to determine the optimum seeding rates for these varieties.
Significantly higher GY (pâ€0.05) was obtained with a seeding rate of 140 kg haâ1 for all varieties, compared to other rates. A
seeding rate less than the recommended rate (120 kg haâ1) for all varieties failed to produce comparable GY in both years.
Among all varieties, âBARI Gom 26â had the highest GY while âBARI Gom 25â had the lowest GY in both years. Although the
interaction effect of variety and seeding rate on GY did not vary significantly (pâ€0.05) in both years, surplus GY was 467 and
233 kg haâ1, respectively for âBARI Gom 24â, 63 and 75 kg haâ1 for âBARI Gom 25â, 81 and 93 kg haâ1 for âBARI Gom 26â, 23
and 66 kg haâ1 for âBARI Gom 27â, and 152 and 220 kg haâ1 for âBARI Gom 28â in the first and second year when seeded at 140
kg haâ1. For the same seed rate, the GY of âBARI Gom 24â increased by 5.3 to 9.6% and that of âBARI Gom 28â increased from
2.8 to 5% over the two years. Therefore, a seeding rate of 140 kg seed haâ1 is recommended for âBARI Gom 24â and âBARI
Gom 28â, while the current recommended rate (120 kg haâ1) should be continued for the other three varieties when grown under
irrigation on the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain of Bangladesh
CENTRO DE PARTO NORMAL COMO ESTRATĂGIA DE INCENTIVO AO PARTO NORMAL: ESTUDO DESCRITIVO
Recientemente se verificĂł un esfuerzo gubernamental para reducir las tasas de cesariana en el sector pĂșblico y cualificar la asistencia al parto normal. AsĂ, se crearon los Centros de Parto Normal (CPN) destinados al acompañamiento de nacimientos fisiolĂłgicos, a cargo de enfermeras obstĂ©tricas. Este estudio descriptivo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar a las parturientas en cuanto a la edad materna, historia obstĂ©trica, condiciones del parto y del reciĂ©n-nacido en un CPN, en la ciudad de SĂŁo Paulo. Se utilizaron datos secundarios de registros de nacimientos atendidos por enfermeras obstĂ©tricas y se analizaron 1.860 registros de partos ocurridos en julio y agosto de 2001. Los resultados indican: edad media de 23,7 años; 44,4% de nulĂparas; 79,0% de partos normales; peso medio de los reciĂ©n-nacidos de 3.174g; Apgar â„7 en el primer y quinto minutos en 93,7% y 99,1% de los reciĂ©n nacidos, respectivamente. Se concluyĂł que la atenciĂłn al parto hecha por enfermeras obstĂ©tricas es importante para valorar la fisiologĂa del parto y nacimiento, con indicadores obstĂ©tricos y neonatales de calidad.Tem-se verificado um esforço governamental para reduzir as taxas de cesariana no setor pĂșblico e qualificar a assistĂȘncia ao parto normal. Assim, foram criados Centros de Parto Normal (CPN) destinados ao acompanhamento de nascimentos fisiolĂłgicos, a cargo de enfermeiras obstĂ©tricas. Este estudo descritivo teve como objetivo caracterizar as parturientes quanto Ă idade materna, histĂłria obstĂ©trica, condiçÔes do parto e do recĂ©mnascido em um CPN, na cidade de SĂŁo Paulo. Utilizaram-se dados secundĂĄrios de registros de nascimentos assistidos por enfermeiras obstĂ©tricas. Foram analisados 1.860 registros de partos ocorridos em julho e agosto de 2001. Os resultados indicam: idade mĂ©dia de 23,7 anos; 44,4% de nulĂparas; 79,0% de partos normais; peso mĂ©dio dos recĂ©m-nascidos de 3.174 g; Ăndice de Apgar â„7 no primeiro e quinto minutos em 93,7% e 99,1% dos recĂ©mnascidos, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a assistĂȘncia prestada por enfermeiras obstĂ©tricas em CPN vai ir ao encontro da valorização da fisiologia do parto e nascimento, com indicadores neonatais e obstĂ©tricos de qualidade
Comparative study of nonlinear properties of EEG signals of a normal person and an epileptic patient
Background: Investigation of the functioning of the brain in living systems
has been a major effort amongst scientists and medical practitioners. Amongst
the various disorder of the brain, epilepsy has drawn the most attention
because this disorder can affect the quality of life of a person. In this paper
we have reinvestigated the EEGs for normal and epileptic patients using
surrogate analysis, probability distribution function and Hurst exponent.
Results: Using random shuffled surrogate analysis, we have obtained some of
the nonlinear features that was obtained by Andrzejak \textit{et al.} [Phys Rev
E 2001, 64:061907], for the epileptic patients during seizure. Probability
distribution function shows that the activity of an epileptic brain is
nongaussian in nature. Hurst exponent has been shown to be useful to
characterize a normal and an epileptic brain and it shows that the epileptic
brain is long term anticorrelated whereas, the normal brain is more or less
stochastic. Among all the techniques, used here, Hurst exponent is found very
useful for characterization different cases.
Conclusions: In this article, differences in characteristics for normal
subjects with eyes open and closed, epileptic subjects during seizure and
seizure free intervals have been shown mainly using Hurst exponent. The H shows
that the brain activity of a normal man is uncorrelated in nature whereas,
epileptic brain activity shows long range anticorrelation.Comment: Keywords:EEG, epilepsy, Correlation dimension, Surrogate analysis,
Hurst exponent. 9 page
Comparative Assessment of a Novel PhotoâAnthropometric LandmarkâPositioning Approach for the Analysis of Facial Structures on TwoâDimensional Images
Positioning landmarks in facial photoâanthropometry (FPA) applications remains today a highly variable procedure, as traditional cephalometric definitions are used as guidelines. Herein, a novel landmarkâpositioning approach, specifically adapted for FPA applications, is introduced and, in particular, assessed against the conventional cephalometric definitions for the analysis of 16 landmarks on ten frontal images by two groups of examiners (with and without professional knowledge of anatomy). Results showed that positioning reproducibility was significantly better using the novel method. Indeed, in contrast to the classic approach, very low landmark dispersions were observed for both groups of examiners, which were usually below the strictest clinical standards (i.e., 0.575 mm). Furthermore, the comparison between the two groups of examiners highlighted higher dispersion consistencies, which supported a higher robustness. Thus, the use of an adapted landmarkâpositioning approach proved to be highly advantageous in FPA analysis and future work in this field should consider adopting similar methodologies
Classifying Soil Type Using Radar Satellite Images
The growth of the crop is dependent on soil type, apart from atmospheric
and geo-location characteristics. As of now, there is no direct and costfree method to measure soil property or to classify soil type. In this
work, we proposed a machine learning model to classify soil type using Sentinel-1 satellite radar images. Further, the developed classifier
achieved 72.17% F1-score classifying sandy, free and clayish on a set
of 65003 data points collected over one year (from Oct 2018 to Sep 2019)
over 14 corn parcels near Ourique, Portugal
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