Comparativo de personajes de la historia de la enfermería brasileña

Este artículo es una reflexión sobre la historia de los profesionales que se destacaron en la enfermería. Para ello, la búsqueda se llevó a cabo en algunos personajes que hicieron mucho para la enfermería y la salud en el país. El análisis de las historias de estas enfermeras puesto de manifiesto en hechos común como: la ruptura de paradigmas relacionado con el matrimonio, la formación en instituciones de renombre, la ocupación en puestos de gran importancia, la participación en asociaciones profesionales expresiva, a si como una relación con la formación de calidad. A través de sus biografías, se puede ver que a pesar del contexto político de la época han favorecido la formación de esas enfermeras, mucho esfuerzo y dedicación fueron necesarios para esas trayectorias de éxito, que cooperaron en la consolidación de la enfermería brasileña.This article presents a reflection about the story of outstanding nursing professionals. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among some people who contributed a lot to nursing and health in Brazil. The analysis of these nurses' stories unveiled facts in common: breaking of paradigms relating to marriage, education at renowned institutions, holding of very important jobs, significant membership in professional associations, and quality education. The bios of these nurses reveal that, while the political scenario then existing contributed to their education, unswerving dedication and diligence, were the key for their successful careers and helped consolidate nursing in Brazil.Este artigo trata de uma reflexão sobre a história de profissionais que se destacaram na Enfermagem. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre algumas personagens que muito realizaram pela Enfermagem e pela saúde no país. A análise das histórias dessas enfermeiras revelou fatos em comum, como: o rompimento de paradigmas relacionados ao casamento; a formação em instituições renomadas; a ocupação em cargos de grande importância; a participação expressiva em entidades de classe, assim como uma relação com a formação de qualidade. Através de suas biografias, percebe-se que, apesar de o contexto político da época ter favorecido na formação dessas enfermeiras, muito esforço e dedicação foram necessários para essas trajetórias de sucesso, que colaboraram para a consolidação da Enfermagem brasileira.UNIFESPUNIFESPSciEL

Higher number of Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA C phosphorylation sites increases the risk of gastric cancer, but not duodenal ulcer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Helicobacter pylori </it>infection is one of the most common infections worldwide and is associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer. Bacterial virulence factors such as CagA have been shown to increase the risk of both diseases. Studies have suggested a causal role for CagA EPIYA polymorphisms in gastric carcinogenesis, and it has been shown to be geographically diverse. We studied associations between <it>H. pylori </it>CagA EPIYA patterns and gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer, in an ethnically admixed Western population from Brazil. CagA EPIYA was determined by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. A total of 436 patients were included, being 188 with gastric cancer, 112 with duodenal ulcer and 136 with gastritis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The number of EPIYA C segments was significantly associated with the increased risk of gastric carcinoma (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.74 to 5.45, p < 10^-3) even after adjustment for age and gender. Higher number of EPIYA C segments was also associated with gastric atrophy (p = 0.04) and intestinal metaplasia (p = 0.007). Furthermore, patients infected by <it>cag</it>A strains possessing more than one EPIYA C segment showed decreased serum levels of pepsinogen I in comparison with those infected by strains containing one or less EPIYA C repeat. Otherwise, the number of EPIYA C segments did not associate with duodenal ulcer.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that infection with <it>H. pylori </it>strains harbouring more than one CagA EPIYA C motif was clearly associated with gastric cancer, but not with duodenal ulcer.</p> <p>Higher number of EPIYA C segments was also associated with gastric precancerous lesions as demonstrated by histological gastric atrophic and metaplastic changes and decreased serum levels of pepsinogen I.</p

Using a quantitative quadruple immunofluorescent assay to diagnose isolated mitochondrial Complex I deficiency

Isolated Complex I (CI) deficiency is the most commonly observed mitochondrial respiratory chain biochemical defect, affecting the largest OXPHOS component. CI is genetically heterogeneous; pathogenic variants affect one of 38 nuclear-encoded subunits, 7 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunits or 14 known CI assembly factors. The laboratory diagnosis relies on the spectrophotometric assay of enzyme activity in mitochondrially-enriched tissue homogenates, requiring at least 50 mg skeletal muscle, as there is no reliable histochemical method for assessing CI activity directly in tissue cryosections. We have assessed a validated quadruple immunofluorescent OXPHOS (IHC) assay to detect CI deficiency in the diagnostic setting, using 10 µm transverse muscle sections from 25 patients with genetically-proven pathogenic CI variants. We observed loss of NDUFB8 immunoreactivity in all patients with mutations affecting nuclear-encoding structural subunits and assembly factors, whilst only 3 of the 10 patients with mutations affecting mtDNA-encoded structural subunits showed loss of NDUFB8, confirmed by BN-PAGE analysis of CI assembly and IHC using an alternative, commercially-available CI (NDUFS3) antibody. The IHC assay has clear diagnostic potential to identify patients with a CI defect of Mendelian origins, whilst highlighting the necessity of complete mitochondrial genome sequencing in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected mitochondrial disease

Optimum quantum dot size for highly efficient fluorescence bioimaging

Semiconductor quantum dots of few nanometers have demonstrated a great potential for bioimaging. The size determines the emitted color, but it is also expected to play an important role in the image brightness. In this work, the size dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield of the highly thermal sensitive CdTe quantum dots has been systematically investigated by thermal lens spectroscopy. It has been found that an optimum quantum yield is reached for 3.8-nm quantum dots. The presence of this optimum size has been corroborated in both one-photon excited fluorescence experiments and two-photon fluorescence microscopy of dot-incubated cancer cells. Combination of quantum yield and fluorescence decay time measurements supports that the existence of this optimum size emerges from the interplay between the frequency-dependent radiative emission rate and the size-dependent coupling strength between bulk excitons and surface trapping states

The Aspergillus fumigatus CrzA Transcription Factor Activates Chitin Synthase Gene Expression during the Caspofungin Paradoxical Effect

This is the final version. Available from American Society for Microbiology via the DOI in this record. Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA), a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised humans. The echinocandin caspofungin, adopted as a second-line therapy in combating IA, is a -1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, which, when used in high concentrations, reverts the anticipated A. fumigatus growth inhibition, a phenomenon called the “caspofungin paradoxical effect” (CPE). The CPE has been widely associated with increased chitin content in the cell wall due to a compensatory upregulation of chitin synthaseencoding genes. Here, we demonstrate that the CPE is dependent on the cell wall integrity (CWI) mitogen-activated protein kinase MpkAMPK1 and its associated transcription factor (TF) RlmARLM1, which regulate chitin synthase gene expression in response to different concentrations of caspofungin. Furthermore, the calcium- and calcineurin-dependent TF CrzA binds to and regulates the expression of specific chitin synthase genes during the CPE. These results suggest that the regulation of cell wall biosynthetic genes occurs by several cellular signaling pathways. In addition, CrzA is also involved in cell wall organization in the absence of caspofungin. Differences in the CPE were also observed between two A. fumigatus clinical isolates, which led to the identification of a novel basic leucine zipper TF, termed ZipD. This TF functions in the calcium-calcineurin pathway and is involved in the regulation of cell wall biosynthesis genes. This study therefore unraveled additional mechanisms and novel factors governing the CPE response, which ultimately could aid in developing more effective antifungal therapies.CNPqFAPES

Anomalia de Ebstein: um caso com uma evolução inesperada

A anomalia de Ebstein da válvula tricúspide é uma cardiopatia congénita complexa rara. A etiologia é desconhecida e, na maioria dos casos parece ser multifactorial. A mortalidade no período neonatal é alta. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de anomalia de Ebstein grave com diagnóstico pré-natal. No período perinatal efectuou-se um shunt de Blalock-Taussig modificado à esquerda e aos cinco meses de vida foi submetida a valvuloplastia pulmonar percutânea com sucesso. A evolução clínica tem sido favorável tendo-se optado por não efectuar operação de Glenn. Actualmente com 18 meses de vida encontra-se assintomática. Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a rare and complex congenital heart defect. Its etiology is unknown and in the majority of cases it is multifactorial. Mortality in the neonatal period is high. The authors present a case of severe Ebstein’s anomaly diagnosed antenatally. In the perinatal period a Blalock-Taussig shunt was performed and at the age of five months the infant underwent successful percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty. The clinical outcome has been favorable and we decided to postpone a Glenn procedure. At 18 months the child is asymptomatic

Deletion of BmoR affects the expression of genes related to thiol/disulfide balance in Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis, an opportunistic pathogen and commensal bacterium in the gut, is one the most aerotolerant species among strict anaerobes. However, the mechanisms that control gene regulation in response to oxidative stress are not completely understood. In this study, we show that the MarR type regulator, BmoR, regulates the expression of genes involved in the homeostasis of intracellular redox state. Transcriptome analysis showed that absence of BmoR leads to altered expression in total of 167 genes. Sixteen of these genes had a 2-fold or greater change in their expression. Most of these genes are related to LPS biosynthesis and carbohydrates metabolism, but there was a signifcant increase in the expression of genes related to the redox balance inside the cell. A pyridine nucleotide-disulfde oxidoreductase located directly upstream of bmoR was shown to be repressed by direct binding of BmoR to the promoter region. The expression of two other genes, coding for a thiosulphate:quinoneoxidoreductase and a thioredoxin, are indirectly afected by bmoR mutation during oxygen exposure. Phenotypic assays showed that BmoR is important to maintain the thiol/disulfde balance in the cell, confrming its relevance to B. fragilis response to oxidative stress