Florestan Fernandes and Guerreiro Ramos : beyond a debate

Orientador: Elide Rugai BastosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias HumanasResumo: O objetivo central desta pesquisa consistiu em identificar o debate político entre Florestan Fernandes e Guerreiro Ramos expresso nas interpretações sociológicas realizadas pelos autores entre meados da década de 1950 e inícios dos anos 1960. Para isso, teve como ponto de partida os textos que tratavam diretamente de três temas específicos: papel da sociologia, desenvolvimento e projeto de desenvolvimento. Procurou-se, então, apreender a relação desses temas, presentes no corpo da obra dos autores naquele período, com as respectivas propostas de construção da Sociologia Brasileira e de interpretação do Brasil. Trata-se de um recorte a partir do qual tais temas apareceram como partes "suficientemente autônomas", ou seja, com uma significação própria na obra desses autores. Não obstante, a nterpretação procurou ir além dos trabalhos dos autores buscando dois instrumentais analíticos complementares para aquele objetivo central. De um lado, a pesquisa se inclinou a identificar a presença dos temas, papel intelectual, desenvolvimento nacional e projeto nacional de desenvolvimento em outros autores procurando construir um contexto léxico. Isso permitiu, para fins desse trabalho, compreender o sentido da argumentação de Florestan Fernandes e Guerreiro Ramos frente ao debate estabelecido sobre esses temas. Em outras palavras, tratou-se, aqui de estabelecer as devidas distinções entre as terminologias e formulações que compunham o conjunto de respostas teóricas às questões colocadas pela sociedade brasileira naqueles anos. Por outro lado, como forma de destacar o caráter político dessas interpretações a análise procurou identificar os projetos políticos de transformação social que estavam por trás das mesmas e localizá-los frente às alternativas do cenário político e social.Abstract: The main objective of this thesis was to identify the political debate between Florestan Fernandes and Guerreiro Ramos expressed in sociological interpretations made by the authors from the mid-1950 to the early 1960. Thus, it had as a starting point the texts approaching directly to three specific topics: the role of sociology, development and project of development. It was looked, then, to apprehend the relation of these subjects in the works of the two authors for that period, with their proposals for construction of the Brazilian Sociology and the interpretation of Brazil. It is a cut from which such issues appeared as "sufficiently autonomous" ones, with their own meaning in the works of these authors. However, the interpretation tried to go beyond the authors efforts searching for two additional analytical instruments to that central purpose. First, the research intended to identify the presence of this discussions, intellectual's function, national development and national development project in other authors trying to build a lexicon context. This allowed us, for the purposes of this work, to understand the direction of the arguments of Florestan Fernandes and Guerreiro Ramos in the face of debate that follow these themes. In other words, it was so established the necessary distinctions between the terminologies and formulations that made up the set of theoretical answers to the questions that the Brazilian society placed in those years. Moreover, as a way to highlight the political character of these interpretations, the analysis sought to identify the political projects for social transformation that were behind them and locate them in front of the alternatives of the political and social scene.DoutoradoDoutor em Sociologi

Soft cationic nanoparticles for drug delivery: production and cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)

The surface properties of nanoparticles have decisive influence on their interaction with biological barriers (i.e., living cells), being the concentration and type of surfactant factors to have into account. As a result of different molecular structure, charge, and degree of lipophilicity, different surfactants may interact differently with the cell membrane exhibiting different degrees of cytotoxicity. In this work, the cytotoxicity of two cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), differing in the cationic lipids used as surfactants CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) or DDAB (dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide), referred as CTAB-SLNs and DDAB-SLNs, respectively, was assessed against five different human cell lines (Caco-2, HepG2, MCF-7, SV-80, and Y-79). Results showed that the cationic lipids used in SLN production highly influenced the cytotoxic profile of the particles, with CTAB-SLNs being highly cytotoxic even at low concentrations (IC50 < 10 µg/mL, expressed as CTAB amount). DDAB-SLNs produced much lower cytotoxicity, even at longer exposure time (IC50 from 284.06 ± 17.01 µg/mL (SV-80) to 869.88 ± 62.45 µg/mL (MCF-7), at 48 h). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that compares the cytotoxic profile of CTAB-SLNs and DDAB-SLNs based on the concentration and time of exposure, using different cell lines. In conclusion, the choice of the right surfactant for biological applications influences the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Regardless the type of drug delivery system, not only the cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles should be assessed, but also the blank (non-loaded) nanoparticles as their surface properties play a decisive role both in vitro and in vivo.This research was funded by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, and co-financed by FEDER, under the project references M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED) and UID/AGR/04033/2019 (CITAB), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biological risks in professionals working in the mobile urgency service

This descriptive, cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the biological risks among professionals who work in the Mobile Emergency Service of the Metropolitan Region of São Luís - MA. The data were collected from 177 professionals from basic and advanced support units between February and April 2018, using a structured questionnaire.  While a high prevalence of exposure to biological risks was observed among all the subjects, men were found to be at a higher risk. The main source of contamination was blood, mainly affecting the whole skin during the procedure of immobilization. It was evidenced that most of the subjects did not complete the accident report and did not adhere to any post-exposure protocols. It is believed that the development of educational, safety and health measures can minimize the occupational hazards and accidents among the SAMU professionals, who are providers of indispensable service to society, even if susceptible to various environmental risks

Comparison of antiproliferative effect of epigallocatechin gallate when loaded into cationic solid lipid nanoparticles against different cell lines

Several therapeutic properties have been attributed to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a phytopharmaceutical polyphenol with antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. EGCG is however very prone to oxidation in aqueous solutions which changes its bioactive properties. Its loading in nanoparticles has been proposed to reduce its degradation while increasing its in vivo efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the antiproliferative effect of EGCG before and after its loading in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), against five different cell lines (Caco-2, HepG2, MCF-7, SV-80 and Y-79). EGCG produced concentration- and time-dependent antiproliferative effect, with eficacy dependent on the cell line. The order of potency was: MCF-7?>?SV-80?>?HepG2?>?Y-79?>?Caco-2, for 24h exposure (MCF-7 IC50=58.60?±?3.29 µg/mL; Caco-2 IC50>500.00 µg/mL). To the best of our knowledge this is the first study reporting EGCG antiproliferative effect in SV-80 and Y-79 cells. DDAB-SLN physicochemical properties (size ?134nm; PI?0.179; ZP ?+28mV) were only slightly modified with EGCG loading (EGCG-DDAB-SLN: ?144nm; PI?0.160; ZP ?+26mV). EGCG loadingin SLN, only slightly increases the EGCG antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 and SV-80 cells. SLN exhibited intrinsic toxicity, attributed to the surfactant used in its production. From the obtained results, the biocompatibility of blank SLN must be also considered when testing the efficacy of loaded phytopharmaceutics.The financial support was received from Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) under the project UID/AGR/04033/2019 (CITAB). FCT is also acknowledge for the grants SFRH/BD/80335/2011 (JF) and SFRH/BD/60640/2009 (TA).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Profile of individuals with sequel of stroke

Introdução: O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) caracteriza-se ainda como um grande problema de saúde pública e a principal causa de incapacidade neurológica grave. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil dos indivíduos com sequela de AVE. Metodologia: Pesquisa descritiva, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada no domicilio dos pacientes com sequela de AVE (João Pessoa/PB). Resultados: Evidenciou uma predominância do sexo feminino; idosos; casados; baixo grau de escolaridade; e baixa renda. Com relação à caracterização do AVE, a maior parte teve o primeiro episódio do tipo isquêmico, com tempo de ocorrência entre 6 meses e um ano, e as comorbidades mais prevalentes foram Hipertensão Arterial, Diabetes Mellitus e Cardiopatia. Conclusão: Neste sentindo, urge a necessidade de se ampliar o conhecimento, por meio da realização de mais estudos científicos tendo em vista a idade, sexo, fatores de risco, econômicos e sociais que podem influenciar na incidência do AVE e de outras comorbidades.Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular (ictus) sigue siendo caracterizado como un problema de salud pública importante y la principal causa de discapacidad neurológica severa. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil de los pacientes con secuelas de ictus. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en el hogar de los pacientes con secuelas de ictus (João Pessoa / PB). Resultados: Hubo un predominio del sexo femenino; Las personas mayores; casado; bajo nivel de educación; y de bajos ingresos. En cuanto a la identificación de los accidentes cerebrovasculares, la mayoría tenía el primer episodio de tipo isquémico, con el tiempo de ocurrencia de entre seis meses y un año, y las comorbilidades más prevalentes fueron la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y las enfermedades del corazón. Conclusión: En este sentimiento, hay una necesidad urgente de ampliar el conocimiento a través de la realización de estudios más científicos para la edad, sexo, riesgo, factores económicos y sociales que pueden influir en la incidencia de accidente cerebrovascular y otras comorbilidades.Introduction: The cerebrovascular accident (stroke) still characterized as a major public health problem and the leading cause of severe neurological disability. Objective: To analyze the profile of patients with sequel of stroke. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, held in the home of patients with sequel of stroke (João Pessoa / PB). Results: There was a predominance of females; Senior citizens; married; low level of education; and low income. Regarding the identification of stroke, most had the first episode of ischemic type, with time of occurrence between six months and one year, and the most prevalent comorbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Conclusion: In this feeling, there is an urgent need to expand knowledge through conducting more scientific studies for age, sex, risk, economic and social factors that may influence the incidence of stroke and other comorbidities

Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) ripe and unripe fruits against bacterial genera Mycobacterium and Streptococcus

This study aims to investigate chemical composition of essential oils from Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) ripe and unripe fruits and determine their in vitro antibacterial activity. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack ripe and unripe fruits collected in the Cerrado, in Rio Verde, southwestern Goiás, Brazil. They were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sesquiterpenes, which represent the most abundant class of compounds in oils, predominated in both ripe and unripe fruits. Major constituents of essential oils extracted from ripe fruits (RF-EO) were β-caryophyllene (21.3%), α-ylangene (13.3%), germacrene-D (10.9%) and α-zingiberene (9.7%) whereas the ones of unripe fruits (UF-EO) were sesquithujene (25.0%), α-zingiberene (18.2%), germacrene-D (13.1%) and α-copaene (12.7%). In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils was evaluated in terms of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by the broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. Both essential oils under investigation showed moderate anti-streptococcal activity against the following bacteria: Streptococcus mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguinis, S. sobrinus and S. salivarius. MIC values ranged between 100 and 400 µg/mL. Regarding the antimycobacterial activity, essential oils from M. paniculata (L.) Jack unripe and ripe fruits were active against Mycobacterium kansasii (MIC = 250 µg/mL), moderately active against M. tuberculosis (MIC = 500 µg/mL) and inactive against M. avium (MIC = 2000 µg/mL). This study was pioneer in revealing similar chemical profiles of both essential oils extracted from Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack unripe and ripe fruits, besides describing their in vitro anti-streptococcal and antimycobacterial activities

Survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - cytotoxic agents compared to corticosteroids

Study objective: To compare the survival of patients with IPF treated retrospectively with corticosteroids atone, to survival of patients treated with immunosuppressive and corticosteroids combined. Design: Non-randomized retrospective cohort study.Setting: Three tertiary centers in Brazil.Patients: Eighty-two IPF patients were included. the diagnosis was confirmed by open lung biopsy in 48. Patients received either corticosteroids alone (group 1) or cytotoxic agents in addition to corticosteroids (group 11).Measurements and results: the primary end-point was mortality. Secondary outcome included longitudinal changes in FVC. Mean age was 66+8 years. FVC was 71 +/- 17% of predicted. There were 48 deaths during the study period (59%), 44 secondary to respiratory causes. From preliminary univariate analysis, for the group as a whole, worse survival was found to be associated with FVC% = 70% and = 70% (Log Rank = 6.84, P = 0.009).Conclusions: the combination of immunosuppressive agents and prednisone results in better survival when compared to prednisone alone in patients with IPF the benefit seems to occur only in patients with less severe disease, as reflected by FVC >= 70%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pulmonol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04082001 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pulmonol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04082001 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pragas e dano em milho adubado com remineralizador de solo

Objetivou-se avaliar a incidência de pragas em milho adubado com remineralizador de solo oriundo de rocha silicatada em comparação à adubação química com NPK. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental no Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Januária, Minas Gerais, com o cultivo de milho de ciclo médio, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos, quatro repetições, quatro linhas de plantio/parcela. Os tratamentos consistiram no fornecimento de 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 t ha-1 de remineralizador (pó de rocha NaturalPlus® de Ipirá, Bahia) e NPK em linha de plantio. Vinte plantas da área útil de cada parcela foram monitoradas semanalmente para incidência de pragas durante os estágios fenológicos V1 a V12. No estágio reprodutivo R3 avaliou-se o dano causado pela lagarta do cartucho em folhas por meio de escala de dano visual. Durante o levantamento observou-se a ocorrência de Spodoptera frugiperda, Dalbulus maidis e Diabrotica speciosa em menor quantidade nos tratamentos com remineralizador de solo, independente da dose. O dano causado pela lagarta do cartucho na redução da área foliar foi diretamente proporcional ao número de lagartas. O remineralizador de rocha silicatada reduziu a incidência de insetos sugadores e o dano causado por lagarta do cartucho na cultura do milho