Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with vegetables in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil / Fitonematoides associados a hortaliças no Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Plant-parasitic nematodes are frequently associated with vegetables causing yield losses. There is little information on the occurrence of these pathogens in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective of this work was to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with vegetable crops, focusing on the detection of Meloidogyne spp. in commercial production areas located in the municipality of Montes Claros, Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Soil and roots samples were collected from 15 farms including 19 vegetable crops. Nematodes were extracted from soil and identified to genus level, and the roots were assessed for gall index. In soil samples, the genera Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Criconemoides spp., Pratylenchus spp. and Tylenchus spp. were observed in a percentage of 46.1; 31.8; 11.8; 7.4; 6.4 and 3.6%, respectively. The average gall index in vegetable crops were: squash (4.5), lettuce (2.2), eggplant (9.3), beetroot (2.4), broccoli (1.9), carrot (0.3), coriander (2.6), cabagge (0.3), cauliflower (1.2), spinach (2.0), beans (2.8), scarlet eggplant (3.3), gherkin (1.9), cucumber (3.0), pepper (3.3), okra (2.3), arugula (0.7), parsley (3.7) and tomato (3.3)

Murcha de fusarium e podridão radicular em grão-de-bico: taxonomia, sintomatologia e etiologia / Fusarium wilt and rot root in chickpea: taxonomy, symptomatology and etiology

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) wilt and root rot are the most relevant diseases in several production areas. There are some lineage of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, from the F. solani and F. redolens complex associated with the wilt symptom. The external disease symptoms are similar; however, both species show different colonization. Traditionally, for many years, the taxonomy of the Fusarium genus has been based on the evaluation of morphological markers, being an irrelevant technique to identify species or phylogenetic lineage. Nucleotide sequencing techniques in species from the genus Fusarium have broke down species into several different phylogenetic lineages, which are currently called the species complex. Thus, it is believed that many pathogens associated with chickpea that are currently denominated as formae speciales may be complex of phylogenetic lineage. Fusarium species of different Fusarium complex have the ability to induce wilt in different hosts, while other species or phylogenetic lineage, have the ability to induce rot root.

Antagonistic effect of Trichoderma isolates and its metabolites against Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum in chickpea / Efeito antagonista de isolados de Trichoderma e seus metabólitos contra Fusarium solani e F. oxysporum em grão-de-bico

The aim of this work was to study and select Trichoderma sp. strains with biocontrol potential against Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, the causal agents of root rot and wilt in chickpea. Antagonism against pathogenic isolates of F. solani and F. oxysporum of twenty-one isolates of Trichoderma sp. obtained from the rhizosphere of chickpea plants were evaluated in vitro through competition in dual culture tests as well as the production of volatile and non-volatile organic compounds exhibiting fungicidal and/or fungistatic activity. In the in vivo experiment, four isolates of Trichoderma sp. were selected and their antagonism was evaluated separately and combined with a commercial product based on T. asperellum under greenhouse conditions. Trichoderma sp. isolates were efficient competitors and produced metabolites capable of inhibiting mycelial growth of both species of Fusarium. Our results show the great versatility of the mechanisms of action from Trichoderma isolates, mainly associated with the production of volatile organic compounds. Despite the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma isolates observed in vitro, these isolates did not control Fusarium neither promote chickpea growth in in vivo conditions.

Formas de violência contra mulheres de uma cidade do nordeste do Brasil / Types of violence against women in a northeastern Brazilian city

Introdução: A violência contra mulher é um problema de saúde pública e fere princípios éticos de igualdade. Apesar de todos os direitos conquistados, das leis existentes, das políticas públicas implantadas, as mulheres continuam sofrendo violência. Objetivos: Analisar as diversas formas de violência contra a mulher, as características da vítima e o grau de parentesco com o agressor. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo realizado de janeiro a julho de 2010, no Instituto Médico Legal (IML) da cidade de Timon - MA, com mulheres que sofreram algum tipo de violência e procuraram a Delegacia de Atendimento Especial à Mulher para registro do Boletim de Ocorrência, sendo encaminhadas para realização do exame pericial. Resultados: Dos 106 casos estudados, 78% foram vítimas de violência física, 12% de violência sexual e 10% de violência psicossexual. As mulheres eram pardas (56%), solteiras (64%), faixa etária entre 20 a 29 anos (36%) e trabalhadoras domésticas (39%). Cerca de 54% dos agressores eram conhecidos pela vítima, sendo o atual marido ou companheiro (44%) o principal perpetrador. Conclusões: Entre as violências sofridas pela mulher a violência física foi predominante e o atual marido ou companheiro o principal agressor. Embora o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas e a existência de políticas públicas voltadas ao combate da violência contra a mulher a violência física, psicológica, sexual ou doméstica ainda representa um grande problema de saúde pública.Palavras-chave: Violência contra a mulher. Saúde. Mulher.AbstractIntroduction: Violence against women is a global problem of public health and violates principles of equality. Despite of all reached rights concerning the existing laws and implemented public policies, women continue to suffer from violence. Objectives: To analyze the several types of violence against women as well as the victim characteristics and the degree of kinship with the abuser. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study conducted from January to July 2010, in the Institute of Legal Medicine (IML) of the city of Timon - Maranhao with women who have suffered some type of violence and went to the Women's special police service for occurrence report and then sent to perform the forensic examination. Results: Of the 106 cases studied, 78% were victims of physical violence, 12% of sexual violence and 10% of psychosexual violence. Most of women were brown (56%), single (64%), with age raging from 20 to 29 years (36%) and housewives (39%). Nearly 54% of abusers were known by the victim, being the main offender the current husband or partner (44%). Conclusions: Among the types of violence suffered by women, physical violence was prevalent and the current husband or partner the main abuser. The physical, psychological, sexual and domestic violence still represents a major public health problem, even with the development of preventive actions and the existence of public policies for combating violence against women.Keywords: Violence against women. Health. Woman

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA POR MEIO DO WHOQOL: ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE ENFERMAGEM

Este artigo objetivou investigar a produção científica no campo da enfermagem relacionada a utilização do instrumento WHOQOL para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Foram selecionados 48 artigos através da busca on-line no site da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, utilizando-se os termos Enfermagem, WHOQOL e WHOQOL-bref associados, disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, nos últimos 10 anos. Os resultados apontaram que a Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP foi o periódico com maior quantitativo de produções dentre a seleção, apresentando 10 publicações. Dentre a amostra selecionada houve a predominância de artigos publicados no idioma português (78,2%) e na base de dados MEDLINE (31,5%). Quanto ao instrumento, 91,7% dos estudos utilizou o WHOQOL-bref. Este estudo aponta para a necessidade em realizar novas pesquisas para avaliar a qualidade de vida, não estando saturados os estudos voltados a esta temática

Impact of oral health on nutritional status, self-perception of oral health and quality of life of institutionalized elderly

This study aimed to investigate the influence of oral health on nutritional status, self-perception of oral health and health related quality of life of institutionalized elders. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 193 institutionalized elders l

Analysis of genetic diversity of Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. plants using ISSR markers

Hyptis pectinata, popularly known as ‘sambacaitá’ or ‘canudinho’, is a medicinal and aromatic species widely used in the Brazilian Northeast. In Sergipe, the excessive extraction of natural resources may reduce the genetic variability of native plants. Thus, molecular markers have frequently been applied to the characterization of genetic diversity as the basis for germplasm conservation and breeding programs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of H. pectinata plants collected in different municipalities of the State of Sergipe using ISSR molecular markers. Thirty-four primers were tested, nine of which were selected for providing reproducible and analyzable amplification products, resulting in 67 polymorphic bands. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.32 to 0.45, with a mean of 0.39. Polymorphism information content was of 0.49, which classifies the markers as moderately informative. A dendrogram was constructed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, forming three clusters: Cluster I (79 plants); Cluster II (4 plants); and Cluster III (2 plants). Jaccard’s similarity coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.98. The plants SAM-117 and SAM-119 presented greater similarity. Conversely, SAM-107 and SAM-171 were the most genetically distant. In general, H. pectinata plants collected in the State of Sergipe presented low to moderate genetic diversity