Introduzione n. 20 – dicembre 2014

IL DIRITTO MILITANTE AVVOCATI E MAGISTRATI NEL XX E XXI SECOLO Il filo rosso che lega i saggi contenuti in questo dossier è il diritto militante. Il corso di Storia delle istituzioni politiche e sociali della Laurea magistrale in Scienze storiche tenuta nell’anno accademico 2013-2014 da Francesca Sofia ha affrontato questa tematica all’interno del più vasto tema del processo politico partendo dalle suggestioni contenute nel volume seminale di Liora Israel (Le armi del diritto, Milano, Giuffrè..

Evidence of Facilitation Cascade Processes as Drivers of Successional Patterns of Ecosystem Engineers at the Upper Altitudinal Limit of the Dry Puna

Facilitation processes constitute basic elements of vegetation dynamics in harsh systems. Recent studies in tropical alpine environments demonstrated how pioneer plant species defined as "ecosystem engineers" are capable of enhancing landscape-level richness by adding new species to the community through the modification of microhabitats, and also provided hints about the alternation of different ecosystem engineers over time. Nevertheless, most of the existing works analysed different ecosystem engineers separately, without considering the interaction of different ecosystem engineers. Focusing on the altitudinal limit of Peruvian Dry Puna vegetation, we hypothesized that positive interactions structure plant communities by facilitation cascades involving different ecosystem engineers, determining the evolution of the microhabitat patches in terms of abiotic resources and beneficiary species hosted. To analyze successional mechanisms, we used a "space-for-time" substitution to account for changes over time, and analyzed data on soil texture, composition, and temperature, facilitated species and their interaction with nurse species, and surface area of engineered patches by means of chemical analyses, indicator species analysis, and rarefaction curves. A successional process, resulting from the dynamic interaction of different ecosystem engineers, which determined a progressive amelioration of soil conditions (e.g. nitrogen and organic matter content, and temperature), was the main driver of species assemblage at the community scale, enhancing species richness. Cushion plants act as pioneers, by starting the successional processes that continue with shrubs and tussocks. Tussock grasses have sometimes been found to be capable of creating microhabitat patches independently. The dynamics of species assemblage seem to follow the nested assemblage mechanism, in which the first foundation species to colonize a habitat provides a novel substrate for colonization by other foundation species through a facilitation cascade process

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry shows impairment of RNA pathways in skeletal muscle nuclei of old mice: A link to sarcopenia?

During aging, skeletal muscle is affected by sarcopenia, a progressive decline in muscle mass, strength and endurance that leads to loss of function and disability. Cell nucleus dysfunction is a possible factor contributing to sarcopenia because aging-associated alterations in mRNA and rRNA transcription/maturation machinery have been shown in several cell types including muscle cells. In this study, the distribution and density of key molecular factors involved in RNA pathways namely, nuclear actin (a motor protein and regulator of RNA transcription), 5-methyl cytosine (an epigenetic regulator of gene transcription), and ribonuclease A (an RNA degrading enzyme) were compared in different nuclear compartments of late adult and old mice myonuclei by means of ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. In all nuclear compartments, an age-related decrease of nuclear actin suggested altered chromatin structuring and impaired nucleus-to-cytoplasm transport of both mRNA and ribosomal subunits, while a decrease of 5-methyl cytosine and ribonuclease A in the nucleoli of old mice indicated an age-dependent loss of rRNA genes. These findings provide novel experimental evidence that, in the aging skeletal muscle, nuclear RNA pathways undergo impairment, likely hindering protein synthesis and contributing to the onset and progression of sarcopenia

Introduzione n. 14 – agosto 2013

Processo penale, politica, opinione pubblica (secoli XVIII-XX) Questo dossier raccoglie gli elaborati di un gruppo di studenti che hanno seguito il corso di Storia delle istituzioni sociali e politiche europee negli a.a. 2011-2012 e 2012-2013. Argomento del corso era l’uso politico del diritto dall’età moderna al XX secolo attraverso l’analisi di alcune cause celebri. Gli articoli che qui pubblichiamo rileggono pertanto alcuni dei più famosi processi politici degli ultimi due secoli. Va speci..

Embedded systems and advanced signal processing for Acousto- Ultrasonic Inspections

Non Destructive Testing (NDT) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) are becoming essential in many application contexts, e.g. civil, industrial, aerospace etc., to reduce structures maintenance costs and improve safety. Conventional inspection methods typically exploit bulky and expensive instruments and rely on highly demanding signal processing techniques. The pressing need to overcome these limitations is the common thread that guided the work presented in this Thesis. In the first part, a scalable, low-cost and multi-sensors smart sensor network is introduced. The capability of this technology to carry out accurate modal analysis on structures undergoing flexural vibrations has been validated by means of two experimental campaigns. Then, the suitability of low-cost piezoelectric disks in modal analysis has been demonstrated. To enable the use of this kind of sensing technology in such non conventional applications, ad hoc data merging algorithms have been developed. In the second part, instead, imaging algorithms for Lamb waves inspection (namely DMAS and DS-DMAS) have been implemented and validated. Results show that DMAS outperforms the canonical Delay and Sum (DAS) approach in terms of image resolution and contrast. Similarly, DS-DMAS can achieve better results than both DMAS and DAS by suppressing artefacts and noise. To exploit the full potential of these procedures, accurate group velocity estimations are required. Thus, novel wavefield analysis tools that can address the estimation of the dispersion curves from SLDV acquisitions have been investigated. An image segmentation technique (called DRLSE) was exploited in the k-space to draw out the wavenumber profile. The DRLSE method was compared with compressive sensing methods to extract the group and phase velocity information. The validation, performed on three different carbon fibre plates, showed that the proposed solutions can accurately determine the wavenumber and velocities in polar coordinates at multiple excitation frequencies

Conocimiento y práctica del profesional de enfermería en aspiración de secreciones a pacientes adultos intubados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital Cayetano Heredia 2022

El presente estudio de investigación que lleva por título “Conocimiento y práctica del profesional de enfermería en aspiración de secreciones a pacientes adultos intubados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Cayetano Heredia 2022”. El cual tuvo como objetivo comparar el conocimiento y la práctica del profesional de enfermería en aspiración de secreciones a pacientes adultos intubados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Cayetano Heredia. El tipo de estudio fue cuantitativo, correlacional de corte transversal y no experimental. Tuvo como muestra 40 licenciados especialistas que trabajan en el área crítica (UCI) el cual se determinó por la capacidad máxima de la población. Se utilizó como técnica la entrevista, utilizando medios electrónicos y dos instrumentos (encuesta y guía de observación) que fueron validados por un juicio de expertos. Los resultados obtenidos dado que un 72.5% (29) del profesional de enfermería que está capacitado en temas de aspiración de secreciones a pacientes adultos intubados y el 27.5 % (11) representado por profesionales que no conoce del tema. El 57.5% (23) de profesionales de enfermería tienen prácticas inadecuadas y el 42.5% (17) tienen prácticas adecuadas sobre aspiración de secreciones a pacientes adultos intubados. Conclusión: Se determinó que existe relación significativa entre las variables conocimientos y prácticas sobre aspiración de secreciones a pacientes adultos intubados en la unidad de cuidados intensivo

Physical Training Chronically Stimulates the Motor Neuron Cell Nucleus in the Ts65Dn Mouse, a Model of Down Syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetically-based disease based on the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21). DS is characterized by intellectual disability in association with several pathological traits among which early aging and altered motor coordination are prominent. Physical training or passive exercise were found to be useful in counteracting motor impairment in DS subjects. In this study we used the Ts65Dn mouse, a widely accepted animal model of DS, to investigate the ultrastructural architecture of the medullary motor neuron cell nucleus taken as marker of the cell functional state. Using transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructural morphometry, and immunocytochemistry we carried out a detailed investigation of possible trisomy-related alteration(s) of nuclear constituents, which are known to vary their amount and distribution as a function of nuclear activity, as well as the effect of adapted physical training upon them. Results demonstrated that trisomy per se affects nuclear constituents to a limited extent; however, adapted physical training is able to chronically stimulate pre-mRNA transcription and processing activity in motor neuron nuclei of trisomic mice, although to a lesser extent than in their euploid mates. These findings are a step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying the positive effect of physical activity in DS