La instauración del catastro en Lérida (1716-1758)

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Correlations in weighted networks

We develop a statistical theory to characterize correlations in weighted networks. We define the appropriate metrics quantifying correlations and show that strictly uncorrelated weighted networks do not exist due to the presence of structural constraints. We also introduce an algorithm for generating maximally random weighted networks with arbitrary P(k,s) to be used as null models. The application of our measures to real networks reveals the importance of weights in a correct understanding and modeling of these heterogeneous systems

Self-similarity of complex networks and hidden metric spaces

We demonstrate that the self-similarity of some scale-free networks with respect to a simple degree-thresholding renormalization scheme finds a natural interpretation in the assumption that network nodes exist in hidden metric spaces. Clustering, i.e., cycles of length three, plays a crucial role in this framework as a topological reflection of the triangle inequality in the hidden geometry. We prove that a class of hidden variable models with underlying metric spaces are able to accurately reproduce the self-similarity properties that we measured in the real networks. Our findings indicate that hidden geometries underlying these real networks are a plausible explanation for their observed topologies and, in particular, for their self-similarity with respect to the degree-based renormalization

Topology of the world trade web

Economy, and consequently trade, is a fundamental part of human social organization which, until now, has not been studied within the network modeling framework. Here we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, empirical characterization of the world trade web, that is, the network built upon the trade relationships between different countries in the world. This network displays the typical properties of complex networks, namely, scale-free degree distribution, the small-world property, a high clustering coefficient, and, in addition, degree-degree correlation between different vertices. All these properties make the world trade web a complex network, which is far from being well described through a classical random network description

Violencia de género, masculinidades y políticas públicas

El objetivo de este documento es mostrar la importancia que representa analizar la violencia contra las mujeres como un problema complejo, que proviene de la confluencia de diversos factores propios de un sistema social patriarcal, así como enfocar a los hombres y las identidades masculinas como parte central de la problemática y, por lo mismo, de la solución. El proceso metodológico tiene base en el análisis de tres entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas a hombres que fueron acusados por sus parejas mujeres de maltrato y violencia hacia ellas. Resulta de interés mostrar que los acusados se consideran inocentes, debido a que, para ellos, es “natural” subyugar a sus esposas. Los resultados del análisis de esta problemática hacen referencia a la formulación de políticas públicas con enfoque de género, no solo dirigidas a las mujeres, sino a los hombres y al sistema, como una manera adecuada de prevenir, atender y dar soluciones eficientes a disminuir y/o eliminar la violencia contra las mujeres3

Estereotipos de género que fomentan violencia simbólica: desnudez y cabellera

EL ARTÍCULO HACE ÉNFASIS EN CÓDIGO SIMBÓLICO DE GÉNERO CON EL QUE SE IDENTIFICA LA DESNUDEZ DEL CUERPO DE LAS MUJERES COMO OBJETO COSIFICADO Y COSIFICADOR, ASÍ COMO EN EL SIMBOLISMO DE GÉNERO CON EL QUE SE IDENTIFICA LA CABELLERA ACOMODADA DE DIVERSAS FORMAS; LO CUAL PROPICIA LA VIOLENCIA SIMBÓLICA DE GÉNEROresumen: El propósito del presente artículo es analizar las categorías: cuerpo, desnudez y cabellera, articuladas por la violencia simbólica en contra de las mujeres. Asimismo, se busca evidenciar el grado de “naturalización” de los estereotipos femeninos, en este caso, el uso de cabellera larga como rasgo identitario de género, cuyo manejo discrecional permite el ejercicio indiscriminado del poder masculino. Entre otros casos, se muestra el uso del yihab musulmán, por el enorme parecido al velo de monjas católicas, cuya función es, precisamente, la negación de la cabellera, impidiendo el disfrute y erotización por parte del varón. Esto, en situación contraria al de la exhibición de la desnudez y la cabellera de la mujer ante el espectador masculino, especialmente en espacios íntimos, tanto familiares como los de encuentro sexual. Para los fines de este artículo, se entiende la desnudez como una de las expresiones de la corporalidad, en este caso, femenina, que ha sido el canal de recepción u objeto para el ejercicio permanente del poder masculino, es decir, como manifestación inequívoca del orden social androcéntrico. Se plantean aquí las tres categorías de análisis entrecruzadas por el eje transversal de la violencia simbólica, aludiendo en ocasiones a referentes históricos, artísticos y semiótico

Location and associated carbon storage of erosional escarpments of seagrass Posidonia mats

Seagrasses of the genus Posidonia can form an irregular seascape due to erosional processes exposing thick walls of organic matter-rich soils. However, little is known about the location and characteristics of these particular formations. Here we provide comprehensive estimates of organic carbon (Corg) storage in Posidonia oceanica and Posidonia australis meadows, while providing insight into their location and mechanisms of formation, and highlighting future research directions. Erosional reef escarpments are restricted to shallow highly productive P. oceanica meadows from the Mediterranean Sea and P. australis meadows from the Indian Ocean, and sustain the existence of Corg-rich deposits in surrounding meadows. The thickness of the mat escarpments can reach up to 3 m and their length can vary from few to hundreds of meters. Mechanisms of formation appear to differ among sites, from naturally-induced escarpments by wave action and/or tidal flow to human-induced escarpments by dredging activities. The inter-twined remains of seagrass shoots within the sediment matrix consolidate the sandy substrate and hold the exposed Posidonia mat escarpments together, maintaining a semi-rigid structure. This phenomenon is unusual but of exceptional importance in marine biogeochemical cycles, revealing the largest Corg sinks among seagrasses worldwide (ranging from 15 to 176 kg Corg m−2 in 2 m-thick mats accumulated at 2–249 g Corg m−2 yr−1 over 300–3000 yr)

Generalized percolation in random directed networks

We develop a general theory for percolation in directed random networks with arbitrary two-point correlations and bidirectional edgesthat is, edges pointing in both directions simultaneously. These two ingredients alter the previously known scenario and open new views and perspectives on percolation phenomena. Equations for the percolation threshold and the sizes of the giant components are derived in the most general case. We also present simulation results for a particular example of uncorrelated network with bidirectional edges confirming the theoretical predictions