Diabetic Septic Foot in Omdurman Teaching Hospital

Objective: To audit the management of diabetic septic foot [DSF] lesions in Omdurman Teaching Hospital, usingWagner classification. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study on 208 patients with DSF admitted to Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan between June 2006 and May 2007. Data were analyzed manually Results: The male to female ratio was 2:1. The mean age± SD was 56 ± 12.35 year. 16.8% patients were grade 1. 33 (15.9%) patients were grade 2. grades 3, 4, 5 patients were 66 (37 %), 38 (18.3%) and 36 (17.3%) respectively. Major lower limb amputation and mortality were 19.2%, and 6.7% respectively.Conclusion: Preventive measures for patients at risk are highly needed as well early presentation isencouraged when ulcer develops in diabetic foot to avoid subsequent complications.Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic septic foot, amputatio

The Ligand Substitution Reactions of Hydrophobic Vitamin B12 Derivatives. Reaction of Cobyric Acid Heptapropyl Ester with Heterocyclic N-donor Ligands

The hydrophobic cobyrinic acid heptapropyl ester corrinoids XCbs-Pr (axial ligand X=CN–, SO32–, CH3– and CH3CH2–) have been prepared from vitamin B12 by hydrolysis of the amide side chains and their conversion to propyl esters. Both the position of the γ-band and the general shape of the UV-visible spectra of these complexes show significant solvent dependence as the polarity of the solvent is varied. The equilibrium constants, K, for the reaction of five-membered heterocyclic nitrogenous bases (the azoles imidazole, pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazole) with displacement of coordinated H2O in aquacyanocobyrinic acid heptapropyl ester, and coordination by the predominantly five-coordinate complexes sulphitocobyrinic acid heptapropyl ester, ethylcobyrinic acid heptapropyl ester and methylcobyrinic acid heptapropyl ester, have been determined spectrophotometrically at 25 °C in water, methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and toluene. Values of K are dependent on the identity of the trans ligand (X=CN–>SO3 2–> CH3 – > CH3CH2 –); they increase with the basicity of the azole (pyrazole < 1,2,4-triazole < imidazole); and they increase as the solvent polarity increases (toluene<ethyl acetate< acetonitrile< methanol< H2O). Molecular mechanics calculations suggest that these effects are largely electronic in origin.Keywords: Hydrophobic vitamin B12, cobalt corrinoids, equilibrium constants, solvent polarity, trans influencePDF and Supplementry file attache

Audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy Omdurman teaching hospital

Objectives: To review and audit our experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC] at Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan. Methods: A prospective study for patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the period, from January 2006 to October 2007. Demographic data, indications for surgery, rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy, morbidity, and mortality rates were noted. Results: A total of 114 patients underwent LC in 21 months, They were female 100 patients and 14 males, age range from 25 to70 years, mean age 44 years. Indications for surgery were biliary colic 65.8%, fatty dyspepsia 37.7%, and acute cholecystitis 3.5%. The range of operative time was 25-90 minutes. Conversion rate was (7.9%). The reasons for conversions were bleeding, extensive dense adhesions, severe inflammation. Conclusion: Our findings were consistent with the literature, demonstrating that LC is a safe minimal invasive technique Keywords: Laparoscopic, cholecystectomy, minimal invasive surgery, surgical audit, Sudan.Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 3 (1) 2008: pp. 21-2

Local and regional factors influencing zooplankton communities in the connected Kasseb Reservoir, Tunisia

Associations between zooplankton community structure and abiotic (temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutriments) and biotic factors (chlorophyll a and phytoplankton community) were examined, in Kasseb Reservoir, northern Tunisia. Samples were taken bimonthly from July to December 2002 at 3 sampling stations (deepest station: Station 1, Brik River: Station 2 and M’Zaz Stama River: Station 3). From our results it is evident that zooplankton exhibit seasonally and spatially heterogeneous distribution. The highest density of zooplankton was recorded in September at a depth of 5 m (10.8 × 103 ind·l-1). At Station 1 cyclopoid copepods (65% of total abundance) were the most abundant group followed by Cladocera (21% of total abundance). At Station 2 (93% of total abundance) and Station 3 (98% of total abundance) cyclopoid copepodswere numerically dominant throughout the study period. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to estimate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors in structuring the zooplankton assemblage. Zooplankton abundance was negatively correlated with turbidity (r= -0.381,

Study of Thyroid Function in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Aggressive Behavior

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well recognized psychiatric disorder of childhood. Its cause is unknown, but there is evidence of familial predisposition. Symptoms suggestive of the disorder have been reported in patients with generalized resistance to thyroid hormones (GRTH), a disease caused by a mutation in the thyroid receptor beta gene and characterized by reduced responsiveness of peripheral and pituitary tissues to thyroid hormone actions. Aim of the Work: This study was conducted to assess the frequency of thyroid hormone abnormalities in children with ADHD and/or aggressive behavior and to relate these abnormalities to the type of behavioral disorder. Patient and Methods: Thirty cases with behavioral disorders (ADHD and/or aggression) diagnosed by DSM-IV classification were studied in comparison to 10 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical examination and psychiatric evaluation including IQ and psychosocial assessment were done to all patients. Measurement of serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free tetraiodothyronine (fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) was done to cases and controls. Results: There was a significantly lower IQ (

Optimal Type-3 Fuzzy System for Solving Singular Multi-Pantograph Equations

In this study a new machine learning technique is presented to solve singular multi-pantograph differential equations (SMDEs). A new optimized type-3 fuzzy logic system (T3-FLS) by unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed for solution estimation. The convergence and stability of presented algorithm are ensured by the suggested Lyapunov analysis. By two SMDEs the effectiveness and applicability of the suggested method is demonstrated. The statistical analysis show that the suggested method results in accurate and robust performance and the estimated solution is well converged to the exact solution. The proposed algorithm is simple and can be applied on various SMDEs with variable coefficients.publishedVersio

Optimal type-3 fuzzy system for solving singular multi-pantograph equations

In this study a new machine learning technique is presented to solve singular multi-pantograph differential equations (SMDEs). A new optimized type-3 fuzzy logic system (T3-FLS) by unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed for solution estimation. The convergence and stability of presented algorithm are ensured by the suggested Lyapunov analysis. By two SMDEs the effectiveness and applicability of the suggested method is demonstrated. The statistical analysis show that the suggested method results in accurate and robust performance and the estimated solution is well converged to the exact solution. The proposed algorithm is simple and can be applied on various SMDEs with variable coefficients

KSTAR: An algorithm to predict patient-specific kinase activities from phosphoproteomic data

Kinase inhibitors as targeted therapies have played an important role in improving cancer outcomes. However, there are still considerable challenges, such as resistance, non-response, patient stratification, polypharmacology, and identifying combination therapy where understanding a tumor kinase activity profile could be transformative. Here, we develop a graph- and statistics-based algorithm, called KSTAR, to convert phosphoproteomic measurements of cells and tissues into a kinase activity score that is generalizable and useful for clinical pipelines, requiring no quantification of the phosphorylation sites. In this work, we demonstrate that KSTAR reliably captures expected kinase activity differences across different tissues and stimulation contexts, allows for the direct comparison of samples from independent experiments, and is robust across a wide range of dataset sizes. Finally, we apply KSTAR to clinical breast cancer phosphoproteomic data and find that there is potential for kinase activity inference from KSTAR to complement the current clinical diagnosis of HER2 status in breast cancer patients

Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens in Ain Shams University Hospitals

Background: As we are living in the era of antibiotic overuse, antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is considered now a distinct health problem with a need for more attention. Aim of the Study: was to perform a highly specific detection and definition of pathogenic Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile related AAD in children compared to adults and geriatircs. Patients and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients diagnosed for AAD were included in this study (50 children, 50 adults and 50 geriatric patients). All of them were subjected to full medical history including complete therapeutic history of antibiotics and collection of stool sample during the attack for detection of Clostridium perfringenes enterotoxin (CPEnt) and Clostridium difficile cytotoxin by (EIA) kit. PCR detection of Clostridium perfringenes cpe gene (Coding gene for CPEnt) was performed as well. Results: Results showed that prevalence of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin was 24% while Clostridium perfringenes enterotoxin was 12% as detected by EIA in faecal specimens as a whole. Detection of cpe gene by PCR was positive in 16% of all cases. Children (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.3-14.8, P_0.01) and geriatric patients (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.2-13.5, P_0.02) were significantly more prone to Clostridium difficile AAD compared to adults. Also, childhood was a significant risk for Clostridium perfringens AAD (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.54-7.4, P_0.04). In Conclusion: children and geriatric patients are more vulnerable to develop AAD with antibiotic abuse compared to adults. Abbreviations: AAD=Antibiotic associated diarrhea, CI=Confidence interval, ELISA=Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, OR=Odd ratio, PCR=Polymerase chain reaction. Keywords: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, children, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile. Egypt. J. Hum. Genet Vol. 8 (2) 2007: pp. 121-13

Production of Various Ceramic Surfaces Using Colimanite

ُعنى هذا البحث بدراسة (انتاج سطوح خزفية متنوعة بأستخدام الكوليمانيت)، والذي يقع في خمسة فصول: تضمن الفصل الأول عرضاً لمشكلة البحث والمحددة بالتساؤل الآتي: هل يمكن انتاج سطوح خزفية متنوعة بأستخدام الكوليمانيت؟، وجاءت أهمية البحث والحاجة إليه من خلال تسليط ضوء معرفي على كيفية استثمار هذه المادة في انتاج سطوح خزفية بتأثيرات فنية متنوعة. أما هدف الدراسة فيكمن في: انتاج سطوح خزفية متنوعة بأستخدام الكوليمانيت. أما الفصل الثاني: فقد تضمن الإطار النظري، والذي تم التطرق فيه الى: اللزوجة – زاوية التلامس في الزجاج -  تطابق الزجاج – الكوليمانيت - التيتانيوم) أما الفصل الثالث: فقد تضمن إجراءات البحث والتي تضمنت تناولت المواد والمركبات المستخدمة  والية العمل. في حين اشتمل الفصل الرابع على نتائج البحث اما الفصل الخامس فقد اشتمل على الاستنتاجات، فضلاً عن التوصيات والمقترحات.  وكانت اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث: 1- يمكن انتاج سطوح خزفية متنوعة بأستخدام الكوليمانيت. كما ظهر في مجمل العينات.2- ان فاعلية الكوليمانيت في تمظهر السطوح الخزفية، بتأثيرات واشكال متنوعة ترتبط بشكل كبير باللزوجة والكثافة ودرجة الانصهار. وابرز الاستنتاجات 1- من خلال النتائج المتنوعة التي ظهرت في مختلف العينات نستطيع ان نتلمس  مدى فاعلية الكوليمانيت في تمظهر السطوح الخزفية، بتأثيرات واشكال متنوعة 2- ان تأثير فاعلية الكوليمانيت في الزجاج، لم يقتصر فقط على طبيعة الإظهار الشكلي للسطح، بل شمل ايضاً الإظهار الملمسي، ليكون الناتج سطوحاً خزفية غير التقليدية، كان بعضها اقرب الى التأثيرات الخاصة.This study is concerned with the study of the production of various ceramic surfaces using colimanite, which is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the problem of research and is determined by the following question: Is it possible to produce various ceramic surfaces using colimanite? , And the importance of research and the need for it through the shedding of a light knowledge of how simple to invest this material in the production of ceramic surfaces with various technical effects. The objective of the study is to: Produce various ceramic surfaces using colimanite. The second chapter included the theoretical framework, which dealt with: viscosity - the contact angle in the glass - matching the glass - colimanite - titanium). The third chapter included the research procedures, which included the materials and vehicles used and the working mechanism. The fourth chapter included the results of the research. Chapter 5 included the conclusions, as well as the recommendations and proposals. The most important results of the research: 1 - can produce a variety of ceramic surfaces using collagenite. The effect of colimannite in the appearance of ceramic surfaces, with various effects and forms strongly related to viscosity, density and melting point. Highlights 1. Through the various results that appeared in various samples we can see the effectiveness of collagen in the appearance of ceramic surfaces , With various effects and forms. 2. The effect of collagenic activity in glass was not limited to the formal appearance of the surface, but also to the concrete representation. The result was non-traditional ceramic surfaces, some of which were closer to special effects