PARAMETRIC STUDY ON PARETO, NASH MINMAX DIFFERENTIAL GAME

In parametric analysis, which often referrers to parametric optimization or parametric programming, a perturbation parameter is introduction to the optimization problem, which means that the coefficients in the objective function of the problem and On the other hand of the constraints are perturbed. In this paper, we present the qualitative and quantitative analysis of adapted approach of Min-Max differential game of fixed duration with general parameters in the cost functions and constrains between multiple players playing dependently (the Pareto concept) and others independently (the Nash concept), the solvability set and the stability sets of the first and the second kind are defined and algorithms for determining these sets are presented

A RECENT APPROACH TO CONTINUOUS TIME OPEN LOOP STACKELBERG DYNAMIC GAME WITH MIN-MAX COOPERATIVE AND NONCOOPERATIVE FOLLOWERS

Stackelberg games play an extremely important role in such fields as economics, management, politics and behavioral sciences. There exists extensive literature about static optimization problems. However, the studies on dynamic optimization problems are relatively scarce in spite of the importance in explaining and predicting some phenomena rationally. In this paper, new approach of continuous time open loop stackelberg differential game introduced with a min-max game (secure concept) between multiple followers playing dependently (the pareto followers) and others independently (the nash followers), the problem formulation is presented with an example for the solution of the game

A RECENT APPROACH TO CONTINUOUS TIME OPEN LOOP STACKELBERG DYNAMIC GAME WITH MIN-MAX COOPERATIVE AND NONCOOPERATIVE FOLLOWERS

Stackelberg games play an extremely important role in such fields as economics, management, politics and behavioral sciences. There exists extensive literature about static optimization problems. However, the studies on dynamic optimization problems are relatively scarce in spite of the importance in explaining and predicting some phenomena rationally. In this paper, new approach of continuous time open loop stackelberg differential game introduced with a min-max game (secure concept) between multiple followers playing dependently (the pareto followers) and others independently (the nash followers), the problem formulation is presented with an example for the solution of the game

أثر المنطقة الديموجرافية ومستوى الدخل على سلوك المستهلك نحو الألبان ومنتجاتها في مصر

The study of consumption is of great importance for the formulation of economic policies and the identification of the projection of consumer behavior and its impact on the quantities consumed by each commodity, thus contributing to the definition of the objectives of economic development plans and hence the policies leading to the achievement of those goals and aimed at satisfying the needs of the population of various goods and services while rationalizing consumption rates. Despite the nutritional importance of dairy products and the availability of a comparative advantage for Egypt in dairy production, the average per capita milk and dairy products are still very low, with a high rate of dependence of domestic consumption on imports to fill the gap between domestic production and consumption, which in turn affects the increase in the deficit in the balance of trade and hence the Egyptian balance of payments. The study aimed at estimation of the dairy products consumption functions as an important component in the Egyptian consumer map to identify the difference between urban and rural communities, besides estimation of impacts in the difference of the level of per capita income on the consumption of milk and dairy products in the two regions, measured as the average of the income elasticity, to determine the current status of food consumption patterns of the per capita consumption behavior in both urban and rural areas. The study relied, mainly, on the field sample data of the household budget survey for the year 2015, conducted by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. The estimated consumption functions for milk and dairy products included the effects of both the average annual income per capita and the demographic region (urban and rural). Derived results showed that the urban community had a statistically positive impact on consuming of packaged milk (either pasteurized or sterile), as well as the consumption of both yogurt and full-fat white cheese, while there was a statistically negative effect of the damage on the consumption of fatless chees and the urban community had no statistically significant impact on the consumption of fresh milk consumption. The average estimated income elasticity coefficient indicated that the consumer considered both fresh milk and full cream white cheese as semi-superior goods (estimated income elasticity was between greater than 0.5, to less than 1), while packaged milk and yogurt are superior goods (their elasticity was greater than 1), and fatless-cheese is a necessary commodity for low income levels and an inferior commodity for higher income groups

Selenium and nano-selenium ameliorations in two breeds of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of synthesized nano-selenium (NS) and commercial inorganic selenium (Se) on immunity, behaviour, and performance of Arbor (AB) and Ross (RB) broilers that were exposed to heat stress of 40 °C for 6 - 8 hours daily over 38 days. Two hundred and ten one-day-old broilers of two breeds were supplemented with 0.5 mL/L of NS or Se in their drinking water. Two hundred sera, 200 intestinal swabs, and 1000 internal organ and tissue samples were collected. Weight gain, performance index, behavioral indices, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, serum total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and serum creatinine concentrations increased (P <0.01) in RB compared with AB when supplemented with NS. Meanwhile, NS supplementation decreased (P <0.01) water intake and the logarithmic bacterial counts of the intestine and breast in RB and AB, respectively. Histopathology revealed mild leukocytic infiltration and mild vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes, and focal leukocytic infiltration, mild congestion, and cytoplasmic vacuolation in the myocardium of RB. Photomicrographs showed a mild lymphoid depletion in the spleen, while histopathology of the bursa of Fabricius revealed a normal follicular epithelium and normal lymphoid follicles with mild inter-follicular fibrosis in RB that were supplied with NS as opposed to AB, which expressed more severe pathological affections from heat stress. Thus, NS was more effective than Se in allowing broilers to respond to heat stress.Keywords: behaviour, immunity, growth traits, tissue architectur

Smart Technologies to Support Contractual Dispute Resolution in Construction Projects: Trends, Challenges and Application Reality in KSA

Coping with the goals of the Kingdom\u27s Vision 2030, Saudi Arabian construction sector has witnessed a major qualitative leap in recent decades, and is considered one of the highest performer in the construction markets in the Middle East with a value of about $37 Billion. Despite the numerous efforts made by the project authorities in the Kingdom to support this sector to finalize construction projects in accordance with the approved scope, budget, and time schedule, and to avoid the causes of delay or stumbling, the reality of construction projects in The Kingdom shows that the rate of delayed and stumbled projects is high, which necessarily means that a percentage of such projects suffer from contractual disputes. The literature review revealed a limited application of smart technologies in construction Management and in dispute resolution, and a gap of the studies related to documenting the reality of dispute resolution of such delayed projects, which represents the problem and incentive of this study, which aims to participate in bridging this gap by shedding light on the trends and challenges of smart technologies that could support dispute resolution activities in construction projects and to survey the reality of its application in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the descriptive approach in two parts: the first, depended on a literature review to explore, study and analyse the trends and challenges of the smart technologies related to dispute resolution, while a filed survey was done to document the reality of the availability and application of these technologies. Four trends of smart technologies to support contractual dispute resolution in construction projects and three of its related challenges were concluded. The reality of its availability, application and relative importance were explored in the field survey. The study results and conclusions are expected to contribute in reducing the rate of contractual disputes in construction projects, encouraging future research in this direction. Moreover, it is considered as one of the initiatives to achieve the goals of the digital transformation program for the Kingdom\u27s Vision 2030

Delineating groundwater and subsurface structures by using 2D resistivity, gravity and 3D magnetic data interpretation around Cairo–Belbies Desert road, Egypt

AbstractGeophysical tools such as magnetic, gravity and electric resistivity have been used to delineate subsurface structures, groundwater aquifer around Cairo–Belbies Desert road. A dipole–dipole section was measured at the central part of the study area with 2100m length and electrode spacing 50m for greater penetration depth. The results of the inverse resistivity data indicate that the study area includes two groundwater aquifers at different depths. The shallow aquifer water is near the surface and the deep aquifer lies at depth of about 115m and exhibits low resistivity values ranging from 20 to 100ohmm.One hundred and fifty-two gravity stations were measured using Autograv gravimeter (CG3), different gravity corrections (drift, elevation and latitude corrections) were applied. The corrected data represented by Bouguer anomaly map were filtered into regional and residual gravity anomaly maps. The residual gravity map indicates that the area is dissected by many faults with NW-SE, N-S, E-W and NE-SW trends.One hundred and fifty-three ground magnetic measurements are collected using two Proton magnetometers (Envimag). The corrected magnetic data are represented by total magnetic intensity map that was reduced to the magnetic pole. 3D magnetic modeling was applied to detect the depth of basaltic sheet and basement complex. The results indicated that the elevation of upper surface of basalt is ranging from 148 to −153m and the elevation of lower surface of basalt is ranging from 148 to 269m

Biological-Based Produced Water Treatment Using Microalgae: Challenges and Efficiency

Produced water (PW) is the most significant waste stream generated in the oil and gas industries. The generated PW has the potential to be a useful water source rather than waste. While a variety of technologies can be used for the treatment of PW for reuse, biological-based technologies are an effective and sustainable remediation method. Specifically, microalgae, which are a costeffective and sustainable process that use nutrients to eliminate organic pollutants from PW during the bioremediation process. In these treatment processes, microalgae grow in PW free of charge, eliminate pollutants, and generate clean water that can be recycled and reused. This helps to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere while simultaneously producing biofuels, other useful chemicals, and added-value products. As such, this review focuses on PW generation in the oil and gas industry, PW characteristics, and examines the available technologies that can be used for PW remediation, with specific attention to algal-based technologies. In addition, the various aspects of algae growth and cultivation in PW, the effect of growth conditions, water quality parameters, and the corresponding treatment performance are presented. Lastly, this review emphasizes the bioremediation of PW using algae and highlights how to harvest algae that can be processed to generate biofuels for added-value products as a sustainable approach.Scopu

Fuzzy-Skyhook Control for Active Suspension Systems Applied to a Full Vehicle Model

Nowadays, most modern vehicles are equipped with controlled suspension systems for improving the vehicle ride comfort. Therefore, this paper is concerned with a theoretical study for the ride comfort performance of the vehicle. The theoretical investigation includes a suggestion of an active suspension system controller using fuzzy-skyhook control theory, which offers new opportunities for the improvement of vehicle ride performance. The ride comfort of the active suspension system has been evaluated using a 7 degree of freedom full vehicle mathematical model. The simulation results are presented in the time and frequency domain, also in terms of RMS values, and it’s shown that the proposed active suspension system with fuzzy-skyhook control improved the vehicle ride quality in terms of body acceleration, suspension working space and dynamic tyre load in comparison with the passive and skyhook suspension systems