Teleportation of a quantum state of a spatial mode with a single massive particle

Mode entanglement exists naturally between regions of space in ultra-cold atomic gases. It has, however, been debated whether this type of entanglement is useful for quantum protocols. This is due to a particle number superselection rule that restricts the operations that can be performed on the modes. In this paper, we show how to exploit the mode entanglement of just a single particle for the teleportation of an unknown quantum state of a spatial mode. We detail how to overcome the superselection rule to create any initial quantum state and how to perform Bell state analysis on two of the modes. We show that two of the four Bell states can always be reliably distinguished, while the other two have to be grouped together due to an unsatisfied phase matching condition. The teleportation of an unknown state of a quantum mode thus only succeeds half of the time.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, this paper was presented at TQC 2010 and extends the work of Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 200502 (2009

Landau Analog Levels for Dipoles in the Noncommutative Space and Phase Space

In the present contribution we investigate the Landau analog energy quantization for neutral particles, that possesses a nonzero permanent magnetic and electric dipole moments, in the presence of an homogeneous electric and magnetic external fields in the context of the noncommutative quantum mechanics. Also, we analyze the Landau--Aharonov--Casher and Landau--He--McKellar--Wilkens quantization due to noncommutative quantum dynamics of magnetic and electric dipoles in the presence of an external electric and magnetic fields and the energy spectrum and the eigenfunctions are obtained. Furthermore, we have analyzed Landau quantization analogs in the noncommutative phase space, and we obtain also the energy spectrum and the eigenfunctions in this context.Comment: 20 pages, references adde

Interferometry with independent Bose-Einstein ondensates: parity as an EPR/Bell quantum variable

When independent Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC), described quantum mechanically by Fock (number) states, are sent into interferometers, the measurement of the output port at which the particles are detected provides a binary measurement, with two possible results $\pm1$. With two interferometers and two BEC's, the parity (product of all results obtained at each interferometer) has all the features of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quantity, with perfect correlations predicted by quantum mechanics when the settings (phase shifts of the interferometers) are the same. When they are different, significant violations of Bell inequalities are obtained. These violations do not tend to zero when the number $N$ of particles increases, and can therefore be obtained with arbitrarily large systems, but a condition is that all particles should be detected. We discuss the general experimental requirements for observing such effects, the necessary detection of all particles in correlation, the role of the pixels of the CCD detectors, and that of the alignments of the interferometers in terms of matching of the wave fronts of the sources in the detection regions. Another scheme involving three interferometers and three BEC's is discussed; it leads to Greenberger Horne Zeilinger (GHZ) sign contradictions, as in the usual GHZ case with three particles, but for an arbitrarily large number of them. Finally, generalizations of the Hardy impossibilities to an arbitrarily large number of particles are introduced. BEC's provide a large versality for observing violations of local realism in a variety of experimental arrangements.Comment: appendix adde

Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, Leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A method has been developed to analyse for malachite green (MG), leucornalachite green (LMG), crystal violet (CV) and leucocrystal violet (LCV) residues in salmon. Salmon samples were extracted with acetonitrile:Mclllvain pH 3 buffer (90: 10 v/v), sample extracts were purified on a Bakerbond strong cation exchange solid phase extraction cartridge. Aliquots of the extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The method was validated in salmon, according to the criteria defined in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The decision limit (CC alpha) was 0.17, 0.15, 0.35 and 0.17 mu g kg(-1), respectively, for MG, LMG, CV and LCV and for the detection capability (CCO) values of 0.30, 0.35, 0.80 and 0.32 mu g ka(-1), respectively, were obtained. Fortifying salmon samples (n = 6) in three separate assays, show the accuracy to be between 77 and 113% for MG, LMG, LCV and CV. The precision of the method, expressed as RSD values for the within-laboratory reproducibility, for MG, LMG and LCV at the three levels of fortification (1, 1.5 and 2.0 mu g kg(-1)), was less than 13%. For CV a more variable precision was obtained, with RSD values ranging between 20 and 25%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Four Pillars of digital land resource mapping to address information and capacity shortages in developing countries

Like many developing countries, the Philippines has a shortage of land resource information at sufficiently fine scales for effective land-use planning. The country is also short of capacity to acquire such information with a declining number of soil surveyors and limited capability and resourcing of soil analytical laboratories. Digital land resource mapping (DLRM) provides an opportunity to address these shortages. A project in the Cabulig watershed (220km2) of Northern Mindanao developed operational protocols by combining existing technologies to form a DLRM framework based on four 'pillars'.1)Statistically-based sampling strategy to ensure unbiased coverage of the range of landscape positions, and remove the need for expert judgement in sample site selection in the field.2)Simplified site protocols that concentrate on soil specimen collection rather than soil description and classification.3)Rapid soil analysis by mid-infrared (MIR) to estimate soil attributes for all layers at every site after developing local calibrations using conventional laboratory analysis.4)Statistical spatial prediction to map a range of soil attributes using piece-wise linear regression modelling with bootstrap aggregation. Overall, this framework can enable more efficient use of scarce pedological expertise and laboratory facilities by devolving many tasks to local, non-expert teams. An added benefit is that the local teams acquire soil literacy and can help with on-going interpretation and application of the survey results. We also discuss how we addressed some of the practical issues that arise with conducting soil survey in the context of a developing country and in a remote survey area with rugged terrain