NN Core Interactions and Differential Cross Sections from One Gluon Exchange

We derive nonstrange baryon-baryon scattering amplitudes in the nonrelativistic quark model using the ``quark Born diagram" formalism. This approach describes the scattering as a single interaction, here the one-gluon-exchange (OGE) spin-spin term followed by constituent interchange, with external nonrelativistic baryon wavefunctions attached to the scattering diagrams to incorporate higher-twist wavefunction effects. The short-range repulsive core in the NN interaction has previously been attributed to this spin-spin interaction in the literature; we find that these perturbative constituent-interchange diagrams do indeed predict repulsive interactions in all I,S channels of the nucleon-nucleon system, and we compare our results for the equivalent short-range potentials to the core potentials found by other authors using nonperturbative methods. We also apply our perturbative techniques to the N$\Delta$ and $\Delta\Delta$ systems: Some $\Delta\Delta$ channels are found to have attractive core potentials and may accommodate ``molecular" bound states near threshold. Finally we use our Born formalism to calculate the NN differential cross section, which we compare with experimental results for unpolarised proton-proton elastic scattering. We find that several familiar features of the experimental differential cross section are reproduced by our Born-order result.Comment: 27 pages, figures available from the authors, revtex, CEBAF-TH-93-04, MIT-CTP-2187, ORNL-CCIP-93-0

Time-resolved SAXS studies of periodic mesoporous organosilicas in anodic alumina membranes

A method for producing oriented periodic mesoporous organosilica filaments within the confined channels of anodic alumina membranes is presented. Deposition of the mesoporous filaments were performed under a variety of conditions, which favoured the evaporation induced self-assembly of the mesoporous material. The experimental conditions examined included different drying rates, over a range of humidity values, and sol compositions, e.g. varying the amount of the organosilica component. The deposition process was followed in situ by time resolved small angle X-ray scattering which was essential for evaluating the formation mechanism of the mesophase structures. Through careful control of the deposition environment, the structure and orientation of the mesoporous filaments could readily be varied

Tailoring the physical and catalytic properties of lanthanum oxycarbonate nanoparticles

The synthesis of lanthanum oxide and its carbonate analogues has been performed by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). Two different feeds have been studied: an organic solution and an aqueous/organic microemulsion. A key experimental parameter of FSP, the O2 dispersion, i.e., the flow rate of the dispersing gas in the FSP nozzle, exhibits an effect on the properties of the materials prepared. Increasing the level of O2 dispersion led to an increase in surface area and a decrease in mean particle size and basicity when a lanthanum containing organic solution was used as FSP feed. Lanthanum can form different phases, such as oxides, hydroxides, oxycarbonates and carbonates. The increase of O2 dispersion also produced a phase change, going from a mixture of type Ia and type II La2O2CO3 and La2O3 to pure La2O3. The use of an aqueous/organic microemulsion feed, which had a higher viscosity than the organic feed, resulted in materials with a lower surface area and a higher mean particle size than those prepared using the organic solution at the same O2 dispersion. In this case a mixture of type II La2O2CO3 and La2O3 was obtained. The materials were tested for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). We were able to demonstrate that the OCM performance of the materials could be modified by changing the synthesis parameters. For example, lower O2 dispersion produced the highest CH4 and O2 conversions. We also demonstrated that on ageing the mean particle size remain stable; however, the phases do not, showing a new phase, La(OH)3, formation and resulting in an increase in OCM activity. While the OCM performances are modest they do demonstrate the power of this approach for controlled synthesis of lanthanum materials

Functional cytochrome P450 1A enzymes are induced in mouse and human islets following pollutant exposure

Aims/hypothesis: Exposure to environmental pollution has been consistently linked to diabetes incidence in humans, but the potential causative mechanisms remain unclear. Given the critical role of regulated insulin secretion in maintaining glucose homeostasis, environmental chemicals that reach the endocrine pancreas and cause beta cell injury are of particular concern. We propose that cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are inv