Influencia de los activos familiares en los activos sociales durante la transición de la infancia a la adolescencia

Introducción: La transición de la infancia a la adolescencia es una etapa marcada por cambios físicos, psíquicos, ambientales, etc. Una adaptación exitosa, asegura un futuro positivo. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es señalar las posibles relaciones que existen entre los activos familiares con el desarrollo de los activos sociales, en la transición de la infancia a la adolescencia. Metodología: La revisión narrativa se llevó a cabo en 4 bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, Psycinfo y Scopus. Resultados: 7 artículos fueron escogidos. Uno de los grandes hallazgos de esta revisión fue la importancia de la calidad del monitoreo y del apoyo familiar sobre la influencia que ejercían estas sobre el desarrollo de los activos sociales. Se observó una influencia del monitoreo parental sobre la asociación con iguales delincuentes, la participación en actividades delictivas y el desarrollo del autocontrol. El apoyo familiar demostró una asociación con el desarrollo del autocontrol, la satisfacción de establecer relaciones significativas, el desarrollo de problemas con iguales, la participación en relaciones románticas y la calidad de estas, así como la de las amistades. Conclusiones: Queda patente la necesidad de intervenir sobre la familia de forma preventiva y potenciadora de la salud de nuestra población más joven.Introduction: The transition from childhood to adolescence is a stage of life marked by physical, psychic and environmental changes. These changes force the children and teenagers to adapt under a lot of stress. Objective: The aim of this review is to point at the existing evidence on the relations between family assets and the development of social assets during the transition from childhood to middle adolescence. Methodology: In this narrative review four databases were used: PubMed, Psycinfo, CINAHL and Scopus. Results: 7 Articles were selected. A major finding was made, the influence of monitoring and family support on the social assets was mediated by the quality of some family assets. Parental monitoring influenced the development of delinquent behaviors, the association with delinquent peers and the development of self-control. Also, family support has shown an impact on the development of self-control, the relatedness need satisfaction, having problems with peers, the quality and the participation on early romantic relationships and friendships. Conclusion: With the strong effect of family on the development of social competencies, we can assure the need of an intervention on the family, focusing on the preventing and boosting effect on the health of our youngest population

Factores predictores de hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes hospitalizados con nutrición parenteral total

Introducción:la nutrición parenteral total (NPT) es una modalidad de soporte nutricional indicada en aquellas situaciones donde el enfermo no puede cubrir sus requerimientos nutricionales por vía enteral. A pesar de ser una terapia segura y efi caz, no está exenta de complicaciones, entre las que cabe destacar, por su frecuencia, la hipertrigliceridemia. La etiología de esta complicación metabólica es compleja y multifactorial. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes adultos hospitalizados no críticos que reciben NPT a corto plazo y evaluar el efecto que una emulsión lipídica enriquecida en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 ejerce sobre esta complicación metabólica. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo de cohortes donde se ha incluido a pacientes hospitalizados adultos no críticos que precisaron NPT durante un periodo superior a siete días. Se consideró la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia cuando los niveles plasmáticos de triglicéridos fueron superiores a 200 mg/dl. Las emulsiones lipídicas empleadas fueron una mezcla al 50% de triglicéridos de cadena larga (LCT) y de cadena media (MCT) o una combinación al 40% LCT/50% MCT/10% omega-3. Se recogieron variables clínicas, nutricionales y bioquímicas. Las determinaciones analíticas se realizaron antes del comienzo de la NPT y semanalmente hasta su retirada. Los factores predictores de la aparición de hipertrigliceridemia fueron identifi cados mediante modelos de regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: fueron incluidos 101 pacientes (61, 4% varones), de los cuales el 33% desarrolló hipertrigliceridemia. En el análisis multivariante los factores de riesgo independientes asociados a la presencia de hipertrigliceridemia fueron los niveles plasmáticos iniciales de triglicéridos, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y un aporte de glucosa en la NPT superior a 3, 1 g/kg/día. La infusión de una emulsión lipídica enriquecida con ácidos grasos omega-3 se asoció con un descenso no signifi cativo del riesgo de aparición de hipertrigliceridemia. Conclusión: la situación clínica metabólica del paciente y la dosis de hidratos de carbono en la NPT resultan fundamentales en el desarrollo de la hipertrigliceridemia relacionada con la NPT. La administración de una emulsión lipídica enriquecida en ácidos grasos omega-3 es segura, aunque no se asoció a un efecto protector signifi cativo sobre el riesgo de aparición de esta complicación metabólica. Introduction: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a kind of nutritional support indicated for patients whose clinical situation makes it impossible to cover their nutritional requirements enterally. Despite the fact that TPN is a safe and effective therapy, some complications have been described. One of the most frequent is hypertriglyceridemia. The etiology of this metabolic complication is complex and multifactorial. Objetive: The aim of this work was to determine risk factors associated with the development of hypertrilgyceridemia in adult inhospital non critical patients who carry TPN for a short term. A secondary aim was to evaluate the effect that a lipid emulsion fortified with omega-3 poliunsaturated fatty acids causes on this metabolic complication. Material and methods: This is an observational retrospective cohort study, in which adult inhospital non critical patients have been included. Only those who needed TPN during more than seven days were included. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as plasma triglycerides levels higher than 200 mg/dl. The lipid emulsions were composed whether by a combination of 50% long-chain (LCT) and medium-chain (MCT) triglycerides or 40% LCT/50% MCT/10% omega-3. Clinical, nutritonal and biochemical parameters were included. Analitical samples were obtained before starting TPN, and weekly until withdrawal. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictive factors of the appearance of hypertriglyceridemia. Results: One hundred and one patients were included (61.4% male). Thirty-three per cent of them developed hypertriglyceridemia. In the multivariate analysis the independent risk factors associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia were the initial plasmatic triglycerides levels, the body mass index (BMI) and an input of glucose in the TPN higher than 3.1 g/kg/day. The infusion of a lipid emulsion fortified with 3-omega fatty acids was associated with a nonsignificant reduction of the risk of appearance of hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The patient’s clinical metabolic situation, as well as the load of carbohydrates in the TPN are essential for the development of the TPN-associated hypertriglyceridemia. The administration of a lipid emulsion fortified with omega-3 fatty acids is safe, even though it was not associated with a significant protective effect over the risk of appearance of this metabolic complication

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Influencia de los activos familiares en los activos sociales durante la transición de la infancia a la adolescencia

Introducción: La transición de la infancia a la adolescencia es una etapa marcada por cambios físicos, psíquicos, ambientales, etc. Una adaptación exitosa, asegura un futuro positivo. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es señalar las posibles relaciones que existen entre los activos familiares con el desarrollo de los activos sociales, en la transición de la infancia a la adolescencia. Metodología: La revisión narrativa se llevó a cabo en 4 bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, Psycinfo y Scopus. Resultados: 7 artículos fueron escogidos. Uno de los grandes hallazgos de esta revisión fue la importancia de la calidad del monitoreo y del apoyo familiar sobre la influencia que ejercían estas sobre el desarrollo de los activos sociales. Se observó una influencia del monitoreo parental sobre la asociación con iguales delincuentes, la participación en actividades delictivas y el desarrollo del autocontrol. El apoyo familiar demostró una asociación con el desarrollo del autocontrol, la satisfacción de establecer relaciones significativas, el desarrollo de problemas con iguales, la participación en relaciones románticas y la calidad de estas, así como la de las amistades. Conclusiones: Queda patente la necesidad de intervenir sobre la familia de forma preventiva y potenciadora de la salud de nuestra población más joven.Introduction: The transition from childhood to adolescence is a stage of life marked by physical, psychic and environmental changes. These changes force the children and teenagers to adapt under a lot of stress. Objective: The aim of this review is to point at the existing evidence on the relations between family assets and the development of social assets during the transition from childhood to middle adolescence. Methodology: In this narrative review four databases were used: PubMed, Psycinfo, CINAHL and Scopus. Results: 7 Articles were selected. A major finding was made, the influence of monitoring and family support on the social assets was mediated by the quality of some family assets. Parental monitoring influenced the development of delinquent behaviors, the association with delinquent peers and the development of self-control. Also, family support has shown an impact on the development of self-control, the relatedness need satisfaction, having problems with peers, the quality and the participation on early romantic relationships and friendships. Conclusion: With the strong effect of family on the development of social competencies, we can assure the need of an intervention on the family, focusing on the preventing and boosting effect on the health of our youngest population

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele. © 2022, The Author(s)