Identification of proteaginous pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.) using microsatellites molecular markers

Abstract: Conventionally morphological descriptors are routinely used for establishing the identity of varieties. This kind of descriptors has some disadvantages, namely most of them are quantitative, controlled by several pairs of genes, and their expression is influenced by environmental factors. Molecular markers have a potential to facilitate this procedure, increase the reliability of decisions, and substantially save the time and space needed for experiments. In this study we intended to identify 20 cultivars of proteaginous pea (Pisum sativum L.), registered in the Community Catalog of Varieties, by microsatellites molecular markers. After DNA extraction, seven different loci were analyzed. PCR amplifications were conducted and the resulting fragments were separated on an 3,5% MS-8 agarose gel in TBE buffer, at 90V/h. The gels were analyzed for the presence/ absence of bands and a table with binary code was made. The data were processed with the statistical software NTSYS-pc, using the SIMQUAL module and Jaccard similarity coefficient, followed by UPGMA cluster analysis. With the analysis of six polymorphic loci was possible to distinguish almost all of cultivars. The most informative loci were AD61 and AB53. The cluster analysis of SSR markers separated the pea genotypes into two distinct clusters. The first cluster included the five cultivars: Isard, Cartouche, Audit, Corrent and James. The second cluster included the remaining fifteen cultivars and was further divided in two subclusters. The first subcluster had the Portuguese genotype Grisel and second subcluster contained the remaining fourteen cultivars. In this subcluster Ideal and Alezan had 100 percent similarity. There was a low number of heterozygous loci which is consistent with the nature of self pollinated species. The results showed a high potential and resolving power of SSR markers in distinctness assessment. SSR markers might also be useful in Pisum sativum L. germplasm management and genetic diversity studies.The present study was financially by the EU within the POCTEP – “Programa Operacional de Cooperação Transfronteiriça Espanha - Portugal”, Project 0186_AGROCELE_3_E

An Application of Volterra Series to IC Buffer Models

International audienceThis paper presents a Volterra-based method of behavioral modeling for the I/O buffers of digital ICs. While this technique brings a slight improvement in accuracy over previous ones, its main strength is a greater degree of generality. With a modeling approach less dependent on the nature of the devices and more easily extendable to include the effects of multiple inputs one may hope better meet the challenges of advancing technology. The proposed models can be obtained from device port transient responses only and can be easily implemented in any simulation environment, including SPICE-based circuit description software. Two illustrative examples conclude the paper

Interactions of Cosmic Superstrings

We develop methods by which cosmic superstring interactions can be studied in detail. These include the reconnection probability and emission of radiation such as gravitons or small string loops. Loop corrections to these are discussed, as well as relationships to $(p,q)$-strings. These tools should allow a phenomenological study of string models in anticipation of upcoming experiments sensitive to cosmic string radiation.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures; v2: updated reference

Technological learning for innovating towards sustainable cultivation practices: the Vietnamese smallholder rose sector

Deregulation and globalisation has altered the views of public involvement in development and led to strategies focusing on private sector participation. An implicit assumption seems to be that these linkages will enhance the technological capacity of smallholder producers by way of more cost-efficient technologies trickling down through the value chain or by quality requirements inducing best practices. The argument put forward in this paper is that sustainable non traditional agricultural chain development requires more purposeful actions and institutional transitions, both in the public and private spheres, targeting improved upstream innovative capacities. Empirical findings from a Dutch-Vietnamese partnership on sustainable floriculture development are used. Research revealed that the pest and disease control solutions applied by smallholder rose growers were incremental adaptations of experiences obtained in former food crop cultivation practices. Floriculture however may require more drastic changes in cultivation practices to make the sector more environmentally benign. In the case of smallholder Vietnamese flower producers, this implies adaptation of knowledge and skills currently not present. An important hindrance in promoting this knowledge and skills appears to be the weak vertical linkages between flower growers and public and private research and development organizations

Nitrate And Bicarbonate Selective Chemfets

The development of durable anion selective CHEMFET micro sensors is described. Selectivity in these sensors is either obtained from differences in hydration energy of the anions (the Hlofmeister series, giving nitrate selectivity) or by introduction of a new class of uranyl salophene ionophores (bicarbonate selectivity). The durability of the nitrate sensor was enhanced by using polysiloxane membranes in which 1 cationic tetraalkylammonium sites were covalently bound to the membrane matrix

Bethe--Salpeter equation in QCD

We extend to regular QCD the derivation of a confining $q \bar{q}$ Bethe--Salpeter equation previously given for the simplest model of scalar QCD in which quarks are treated as spinless particles. We start from the same assumptions on the Wilson loop integral already adopted in the derivation of a semirelativistic heavy quark potential. We show that, by standard approximations, an effective meson squared mass operator can be obtained from our BS kernel and that, from this, by ${1\over m^2}$ expansion the corresponding Wilson loop potential can be reobtained, spin--dependent and velocity--dependent terms included. We also show that, on the contrary, neglecting spin--dependent terms, relativistic flux tube model is reproduced.Comment: 23 pages, revte

An easy proof of Jensen's theorem on the uniqueness of infinity harmonic functions

We present a new, easy, and elementary proof of Jensen's Theorem on the uniqueness of infinity harmonic functions. The idea is to pass to a finite difference equation by taking maximums and minimums over small balls.Comment: 4 pages; comments added, proof simplifie

Atomic interaction effects in the superradiant light scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate

We investigate the effects of the atomic interaction in the Superradiant Rayleigh scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate driven by a far-detuned laser beam. We show that for a homogeneous atomic sample the atomic interaction has only a dispersive effect, whereas in the inhomogeneous case it may increase the decay of the matter-wave grating.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, presented to the XII International Laser Physics Workshop, August 24-29, Hamburg, to be published in Laser Physic