Integrated recycling of wood waste using recycling technology

The activity of the Russian timber processing industry is inextricably linked to the constant generation of wood waste. The paper considers types of wood waste as well as the possibility of their integrated use in the conditions of wood processing plant. We present the results of experiments on the production of wood fibre boards with the addition of prepared wood waste: bark, sawmill waste, format-cutting waste, trapped fibre and hardwood waste, and determine the optimum percentage of the studied waste in the total wood mass

Computer modelling as a basis for forestry and wood processing equipment design

Today, the problem of finding and using computer-aided design systems as a modelling tool is acute. The aim of the study is to review computer modelling tools for the design of forestry and wood processing equipment. To achieve this objective, the possibilities of using different software packages have been described, examples of experiments with computer models and their results have been considered, and conclusions about the possibility of using utilities to solve design problems in the timber industry have been drawn. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that computer modelling provides certain capabilities and can be used as a tool for design in the forest industry

Diagnostics of evolution of risk collapse complications at student group with anomalous cardiovascular reaction

The description of investigation of predisposition to potential danger of collapse complications at 429 first-year students during physical training is presented using the analysis of pulse wave form. With the help of developed device the group of students with predisposition to risk of collapse complications during physical activity has been revealed. The results of clinical examination have confirmed the predisposition of the given group to risk of collapse complication

ИММУНИТЕТ К ВИРУСАМ ГРИППА У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ В МЕЖЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРИОД

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the child and adolescent population immunity to influenza A viruses (IAV) and influenza B virus (IBV). Methods: The concentration and specificity of antiviral antibodies was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) that was performed using commercial HAI diagnostic kits.  Results: The serum samples of 254 clinically healthy children and adolescents were examined in this study. 245 participants had the antibodies to IAV, 199 — to IAV and IBV, and only 4 children aged between 1 and 4 years and a 12-year-old boy had no immunity to IAV or IBV. The number of children with specific immunity increased in elder groups by 43% (from 81 to 116) for N0N1 and H3N2 subtypes and by 110% (from 38 to 80) for H1N1 subtype of IAV. In children younger than 4 years the titer of specific antibodies against the H1N1pdm09 was 1:210 and against the H3N2 — 1:270, whereas in adolescents of 10–14 years these figures were by 1.6 and 2.4 times lower (1:130 and 1:120) respectively. Antibodies to the subtypes H2N2 and H5N1 were not detected. Conclusion: The results indicate that 98.4% of child and adolescent population in interepidemic influenza season are immune to the various IAV (H3N2, H1N1, H0N1) as well as to the IBV. More than half of children and adolescents (57.4%) are immune to H1N1pdm09 subtype of IAV. The strength of immune response to the recent pathogens (H3N2 и H1N1 pdm09) is higher in infants than in teenagers. Цель исследования: оценить состояние иммунитета к вирусам гриппа среди детского и подросткового населения путем идентификации антител в сыворотках крови, собранных в межэпидемический период. Методы: способность вирусов связывать и агглютинировать эритроциты использована в реакции гемагглютинации, для которой подготовленные куриные эритроциты вносили в лунки с последовательными двукратными разведениями сыворотки. В предельном разведении наблюдалась агглютинация, применяемая для расчета титра. Для определения концентрации противовирусных антител использовали реакцию торможения гемагглютинации (РТГА) с гриппозными диагностикумами. Концентрацию антител опрелделяли по последнему разведению сыворотки, еще тормозящему гемагглютинацию. Также микрометод РТГА с диагностическими сыворотками использовали для идентификации типов вируса. Здесь критерием типовой принадлежности являлась четкая РТГА с одной из типовых сывороток при отсутствии реакции к другим типам. Результаты: исследованы 254 сыворотки крови клинически здоровых детей и подростков. 245 детей имели иммунитет к вирусам гриппа А, 199 — к вирусам гриппа А и В и только 4 ребенка 1–4 лет и двенадцатилетний мальчик не имели антител. С увеличением возраста отмечено увеличение числа детей со специфическим иммунитетом: Н0N1 и Н3N2 — от 81 до 116 (на 43%); Н1N1 — от 38 до 80 (на 110%). У детей до 4 лет титр H1N1pdm09 составлял 1:210, Н3N2 — 1:270, у подростков эти показатели оказались ниже в 1,6 и 2,4 раза, соответственно (1:130 и 1:120). Антитела к H2N2 и H5N1 не обнаружены. Заключение: обследование детского и подросткового населения в межэпидемический по гриппу сезон показало, что 98,4% имеет иммунитет к вирусам гриппа А (H3N2, H1N1, H0N1) и В. Более половины детей (57,1%) иммунны к субтипу H1N1pdm09. Напряженность иммунитета к патогенам последних лет (H3N2; H1N1pdm09) у маленьких детей выше, чем у подростков.

Associations between dietary inflammatory scores and biomarkers of inflammation in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Background: Since the first version of the dietary inflammatory index (DII & REG;) developed in the past decade, several other versions have been developed. However, to date no study has attempted to compare these versions with respect to their associations with biomarkers of inflammation. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between four dietary inflammatory scores [DII, two energy-adjusted derivatives (E-DII and E-DIIr), and the Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD)], and circulating levels of several inflammatory markers and adipokines. Methods: This study included 17 637 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort with at least one marker of inflammation measured in blood. Associations between the four scores and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)6, IL10, IL1RA, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), sTNFR2, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sLeptin R), adiponectin, and High Molecular Weight (HMW) adiponectin were evaluated using multivariable linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Positive associations were observed between the four dietary inflammatory scores and levels of CRP, IL6, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and leptin. However, only the DII and the ISD were positively associated with IL1RA levels and only the DII and the E-DIIr were positively associated with TNFa levels. The proportion of variance of each biomarker explained by the scores was lower than 2%, which was equivalent to the Conclusions: Our results suggest that the four dietary inflammatory scores were associated with some biomarkers of inflammation and could be used to assess the inflammatory potential of diet in European adults but are not sufficient to capture the inflammatory status of an individual. These findings can help to better understand the inflammatory potential of diet, but they need to be replicated in studies with repeated dietary measurements. Crown Copyright & COPY; 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-N

Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. METHODS: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million personyears of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank. RESULTS: There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eG FR values 105 mL.min(-1).1.73 m(-2), compared with those with eG FR between 60 and 105 mL.min(-1).1.73 m(-2). Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR 105 mL.min(-1).1.73 m(-2). Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin Alc, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD. CONCLUSIONS: In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age.

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.