National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education

Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and is necessary in order to improve patient outcomes. The National Standards for DSME are designed to define quality diabetes self-management education and to assist diabetes educators in a variety of settings to provide evidence-based education. Because of the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes-related research, these Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key organizations and federal agencies within the diabetes education community. A Task Force was jointly convened by the American Association of Diabetes Educators and the American Diabetes Association in the summer of 2006. Additional organizations that were represented included the American Dietetic Association, the Veteran's Health Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Indian Health Service, and the American Pharmaceutical Association. Members of the Task Force included a person with diabetes; several health services researchers/behaviorists, registered nurses, and registered dietitians; and a pharmacist. The Task Force was charged with reviewing the current DSME standards for their appropriateness, relevance, and scientific basis. The Standards were then reviewed and revised based on the available evidence and expert consensus. The committee convened on 31 March 2006 and 9 September 2006, and the Standards were approved 25 March 2007

The role of interfering RNA in immune response proliferative processes regulation in experimental model of endometrial cancer associated with thyroid disease

Оценка выраженности экспрессии маркёров пролиферации и дендритных клеток на фоне рака эндометрия при трансфекции siРНК (от англ. short interference — короткие интерферирующие молекулы рибонуклеиновой кислоты) в условиях экспериментальной патологии щитовидной железы. Было показано, что ингибирующее действие siРНК проявляется в большей степени при гипотиреоидном состоянии, указывая на важную роль гормонов щитовидной железы в регуляции экспрессии генов, контролирующих клеточный цикл. Трансфекция siРНК приводит к повышению экспрессии зрелых дендритных клеток (СD83) в опухолевой ткани при гипотиреоидном состоянии и повышению экспрессии незрелых дендритных клеток (CD1a) при гипертиреоидном состоянии.To assess the proliferation and dendritic cells markers expression degree at short interference RNA (siRNA) transfection in endometrial cancer associated with experimental thyroid disease. siRNA inhibitory effect was more marked in animals with hypothyroidism, indicating an important role of thyroid hormones in regulating cell cycle controlling genes expression. Transfection of siRNA increased mature dendritic cells (CD83) expression in tumor tissue in animals with hypothyroidism and increased immature dendritic cells (CD1a) expression in tumor tissue in animals with hyperthyroidism

The role of the hyper- and hypofunction of thyroid gland in the pathoginesis of the malignant tumours of endometrium

Рак эндометрия занимает одно из первых мест среди опухолей женских половых органов и в 65,5 % ассоциируется с патологией щитовидной железы. Анализ литературных данных показывает, что нарушение функции щитовидной железы является толчком для возникновения расстройств менструального цикла у женщин, в результате чего в эндометрии происходит постоянная взаимосвязь между эстрогенами и эстрогеновими рецепторами. Показано, что как гипер- так и гипотиреоз могут быть провоцирующим моментом в развитии рака эндометрия, тригером как промоторного, так и генотоксического механизмов канцерогенеза.Рак ендометрія посідає одне з перших місць серед пухлин жіночих статевих органів та в 65,5 % асоціюється з патологією щитоподібної залози. Аналіз літературних даних показує, що порушення функції щитоподібної залози є поштовхом для виникнення розладів менструального циклу у жінок, у результаті чого в ендометрії відбувається постійний взаємозв’язок між естрогенами та естрогеновими рецепторами. Показано, що як гіпер- так і гіпотиреоз можуть бути провокувальним моментом у розвитку раку ендометрія, тригером як промоторного, так і генотоксичного механізмів канцерогенезу.The cancer of endometrium takes one of the first places among the tumours of women’s genital organs and in 65,5 % is associated with the pathology of thyroid gland. The analysis of literary data shows that the breach of function of thyroid gland is a shove for the origin of disorders of menstrual cycle for women, as a result there is permanent intercommunication between estrogens and estrogen receptors in endometrium. It is rotined that both hyper- and hypothyroisis may be a provocation in the development of the cancer of endometrium, triggering both promoter and genotoxic mechanisms of cancerogenesis

National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

By the most recent estimates, 18.8 million people in the U.S. have been diagnosed with diabetes and an additional 7 million are believed to be living with undiagnosed diabetes. At the same time, 79 million people are estimated to have blood glucose levels in the range of prediabetes or categories of increased risk for diabetes. Thus, more than 100 million Americans are at risk for developing the devastating complications of diabetes (1). Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and those at risk for developing the disease. It is necessary in order to prevent or delay the complications of diabetes (2–6) and has elements related to lifestyle changes that are also essential for individuals with prediabetes as part of efforts to prevent the disease (7,8). The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education are designed to define quality DSME and support and to assist diabetes educators in providing evidence-based education and self-management support. The Standards are applicable to educators in solo practice as well as those in large multicenter programs—and everyone in between. There are many good models for the provision of diabetes education and support. The Standards do not endorse any one approach, but rather seek to delineate the commonalities among effective and excellent self-management education strategies. These are the standards used in the field for recognition and accreditation. They also serve as a guide for nonaccredited and nonrecognized providers and programs. Because of the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes-related research, the Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key stakeholders and experts within the diabetes education community. In the fall of 2011, a Task Force was jointly convened by the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) and the American Diabetes Association

National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

By the most recent estimates, 18.8 million people in the U.S. have been diagnosed with diabetes and an additional 7 million are believed to be living with undiagnosed diabetes. At the same time, 79 million people are estimated to have blood glucose levels in the range of prediabetes or categories of increased risk for diabetes. Thus, more than 100 million Americans are at risk for developing the devastating complications of diabetes (1). Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and those at risk for developing the disease. It is necessary in order to prevent or delay the complications of diabetes (2–6) and has elements related to lifestyle changes that are also essential for individuals with prediabetes as part of efforts to prevent the disease (7,8). The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education are designed to define quality DSME and support and to assist diabetes educators in providing evidence-based education and self-management support. The Standards are applicable to educators in solo practice as well as those in large multicenter programs—and everyone in between. There are many good models for the provision of diabetes education and support. The Standards do not endorse any one approach, but rather seek to delineate the commonalities among effective and excellent self-management education strategies. These are the standards used in the field for recognition and accreditation. They also serve as a guide for nonaccredited and nonrecognized providers and programs. Because of the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes-related research, the Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key stakeholders and experts within the diabetes education community. In the fall of 2011, a Task Force was jointly convened by the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) and the American Diabetes Association

National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support

By the most recent estimates, 18.8 million people in the U.S. have been diagnosed with diabetes and an additional 7 million are believed to be living with undiagnosed diabetes. At the same time, 79 million people are estimated to have blood glucose levels in the range of prediabetes or categories of increased risk for diabetes. Thus, more than 100 million Americans are at risk for developing the devastating complications of diabetes (1). Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and those at risk for developing the disease. It is necessary in order to prevent or delay the complications of diabetes (2–6) and has elements related to lifestyle changes that are also essential for individuals with prediabetes as part of efforts to prevent the disease (7,8). The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education are designed to define quality DSME and support and to assist diabetes educators in providing evidence-based education and self-management support. The Standards are applicable to educators in solo practice as well as those in large multicenter programs—and everyone in between. There are many good models for the provision of diabetes education and support. The Standards do not endorse any one approach, but rather seek to delineate the commonalities among effective and excellent self-management education strategies. These are the standards used in the field for recognition and accreditation. They also serve as a guide for nonaccredited and nonrecognized providers and programs. Because of the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes-related research, the Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key stakeholders and experts within the diabetes education community. In the fall of 2011, a Task Force was jointly convened by the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) and the American Diabetes Association

Structural adaptation and antioxidant response of Guarianthe bowringiana (O’Brien) Dressler & W. E. Higgins (Orchidaceae Juss.) seedlings during ex vitro acclimatization

Guarianthe bowringiana is one of the oldest samples cultivated at NBG’s orchid unit glasshouses since 1970s. An efficient protocol for asymbiotic in vitro seed germination of G. bowringiana has previously been established. Given that acclimatization is a crucial step in micropropagation, this study assesses the structural adaptation and antioxidant response of G. bowringiana seedlings during ex vitro acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. The leaf surface micromorphology of the G. bowringiana juvenile plants propagated in vitro from seeds as well as the leaves of adult plants cultivated in glasshouse were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS level), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the photosynthetic activity were monitored for seven days from the transfer of seedlings from the in vitro cultivation vessels as they are markers indicating the response of the leaves of in vitro propagated G. bowringiana plants to oxidative stress during the early stages of acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. During the initial 2 days of the monitored acclimatization period (0–7 days), the level of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid content) increased, followed by an insignificant increase during the successive period (by the seventh day) of acclimatization. At the same time, the level of the tested antioxidant enzyme (SOD) exhibited an increasing trend throughout the acclimatization period. The SOD activities in the leaves of G. bowringiana seedlings were significantly affected when they were transferred from in vitro to ex vitro conditions due to drought stress. Thus, it was revealed that in the early stages of acclimatizing to the altered environments, G. bowringiana seedlings exhibited a rapid increase in photosynthetic pigments, superoxide dismutase activity, and lipid peroxidation levels after being transferred to ex vitro conditions. Comparison of the leaf micromorphologies of G. bowringiana plants grown under in vitro and those grown under ex vitro conditions revealed that leaf development had undergone significant changes during acclimatization to the altered conditions. In vitro to ex vitro transfer leads to a transient decrease in photosynthetic parameters