Genetic diversity of broad beans (Vicia faba) in the collection of the Vavilov Institute and its use in breeding

The paper presents brief information about the history of the collection of broad (horse) beans (Vicia faba L.) at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), its composition, research trends, and significance for domestic breeding. The collection started in 1916 with Vavilov’s collecting activities in the Pamirs. Currently, the collection consists of 1733 accessions from 67 countries, obtained from foreign genebanks through germplasm exchange and seed requests, received from domestic and foreign breeders, and collected in numerous expeditions. Broad beans are used for food (vegetable) and feed; they are adapted to a wide range of latitudes and altitudes. A larger part of the collection is represented by fodder accessions. The main principle whereupon the collection is being augmented is the priorities of domestic breeding. The paper provides information on the botanical, environmental and geographical diversity of VIR’s broad bean collection, its level of studiedness, current research issues, and the use of the collection in the breeding process. The crop’s biological traits, characteristics of vegetable and fodder accessions, current breeding trends and source material for breeding are described. A brief analysis of the current status of broad bean breeding in Russia and VIR’s contribution to this process is presented, including the Institute’s direct involvement in the development of several cultivars of both feed and food uses. Presently, 30 broad bean cultivars are listed in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, and 28 of them are the products of domestic breeding

Новый стиль культуронаследования

The paper analyzes the characteristics of the broadcast of sociocultural experience. It is shown that modern historical stage is associated with the formation of a united democratic style of relationship to the cultural heritage of the past. It is caused by deep-seated patterns of culture itself, increased integration in all spheres of society. In this regard, feature of temporal being culture - the presence of social memory is highlighted. Formation of human values is the result of a kind of cultural history. As a key mechanism of successive development of a culture increasingly recognized the need for careful and responsible attitude to national cultures, to the cultural wealth of mankind.В статье анализируются особенности трансляции социокультурного опыта. Показано, что современный исторический этап связан с формированием единого демократического стиля отношения к культурному наследию прошлого. Он обусловлен глубинными закономерностями развития самой культуры, усилением интеграции во всех сферах жизни общества. В этом плане высвечивается особенность временного бытия культуры - наличие социальной памяти. Формирование общечеловеческих ценностей - это своеобразный итог истории культуры. В качестве ключевого механизма преемственного развития культуры все более осознается необходимость бережного, ответственного отношения к национальным культурам, к культурным богатствам человечества

О комбинациях гармоник и полиномов в эконометрическом моделировании курсовых изменений RUB/AZN

Conducting a combinational polynomial and spectral analysis of time series formed on the basis of daily observations of changes in the RUB/AZN exchange rate with pronounced fluctuations for the period 11.05.2017- 02.11.2018 based on computer econometric modeling.The purpose of the research. The possibility of describing the global rate dynamics by approximation with a combination of a nonlinear polynomial trend and harmonic oscillations of various frequencies relative to this curve; the ability to calculate amplitudes and phases, which can be used to estimate the power spectrum of the Fourier approximation; the ability to develop a high-precision algorithm for predicting exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN.Materials and methodology. The official statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan were used; classical methods of mathematical analysis and economic analysis; methods of econometrics, harmonic (Fourier) analysis, statistical spectral analysis, “Fourier analysis” of the MS Excel add-in, tools of the Eviews 8 application package with the standard deviation and average approximation error being taken into account, the necessary statistical procedures required for identifying and estimating the parameters of the model and checking its adequacy and accuracy.Results. By breaking up the empirical analysis of given time series into time-scale polynomial and time-frequency components. Combinations of the optimal degree of variants of polynomials up to the 11th degree and the number of harmonics of sines and cosines of all possible discrete frequencies were revealed.Conclusion. This result allows us to reconsider the asymmetric impact of RUB/AZN exchange rate pressure on the foreign trade balance between Russia and Azerbaijan. An increase/decrease in exchange rate pressure affects the likelihood of a ruble-manat crisis, while this phenomenon may negatively/positively affect the foreign trade balance and may make it difficult/easier to import resources, goods and services between countries. This, in turn, adds significance to the task of further detailed structuring and analysis of exchange rate changes in RUB/AZN in the face of increased sanction pressures against Russia, thereby actualizing the development of the retrospective part of the study.Проведение комбинационного полиномиального и спектрального анализа временных рядов, сформированных на основе ежедневных наблюдений за изменениями курса RUB/AZN с выраженными колебаниями за период 11.05.2017-02.11.2018 на основе компьютерного эконометрического моделирования.Цель исследования. Возможность описания глобальной динамики курса аппроксимацией с сочетанием нелинейного полиномиального тренда и гармонических колебаний различных частот относительно этой кривой; возможность вычисления амплитуд и фаз, которые можно использовать для оценок спектра мощности аппроксимации Фурье; возможность выработки высокоточного алгоритма для прогнозирования курсовых изменений RUB/AZN.Материалы и методология. Использованы официальные статистические данные госкомстата Азербайджана; классические методы математического анализа и экономического анализа; применены методы эконометрики, гармонического (Фурье) анализа, статистического спектрального анализа, «Анализ Фурье» надстройки MS Excel, инструменты пакета прикладных программ Eviews 8 с учетом показателей среднеквадратичного отклонения и средней ошибки аппроксимации, необходимые статистические процедуры, требуемые для идентификации и оценки параметров модели и проверки ее адекватности и точности.Результаты. Разбивая эмпирический анализ заданных временных рядов на полиномиальные по временной шкале и частотно-временные компоненты. Выявлены комбинации оптимальной степени вариантов полиномов до 11-ой степени и число гармоник синусов и косинусов всех возможных дискретных частот.Заключение. Этот результат позволяет пересмотреть асимметрическое воздействие давления курса RUB/AZN на внешнеторговый баланс между Россией и Азербайджаном. Увеличение/уменьшение давления курса влияет на вероятность кризиса рубля-маната, в то время как это явление может отрицательно/положительно повлиять на внешнеторговый баланс и может затруднить/облегчить импортирование ресурсов, товаров и услуг между странами. Это в свою очередь делает основательной задачу дальнейшего детального структурирования и анализа курсовых изменений RUB/AZN в условиях усиленных санкционных давлений против России, тем самым актуализируя развитие ретроспективной части исследования

Combined Risk Factors and Digestive Disorders in Mid-Lactation Holstein Cows: A Case Study

Digestive disorders can be a significant cause of disease on dairies and are frustrating because of their unpredictability. Diets that may support excellent health in most cases may nonetheless result in significant gastrointestinal disease, even leading to deadly conditions such as hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. To our knowledge, there is limited research on these conditions, as many risk factors fail to reproduce disease when experimentally administered to cows, leading many to conclude that these disorders are generally multifactorial in nature and difficult to replicate. In this case study, we document the outbreak and resolution of digestive disorders among 15 control cows enrolled in a larger production study. Over 14 weeks, cows were individually fed, with milk yield and composition, blood variables, and health observations recorded. The diet included drought-stressed corn silage that introduced difficulties including low energy density, high dry matter content (making it unstable at feedout), and mycotoxin contamination. By weeks 4–5 on the study, sporadic diarrhea began to appear and milk fat content had dropped from 3.7% to 3.4%, on average. Coincident with the onset of environmental heat stress, three cows developed severe digestive disorders, resulting in a displaced abomasum in one cow. At that point, the diet was changed to replace some corn silage with wheat straw, a direct-fed microbial was added to the diet, and organic acid treatment of the silage face was initiated. Within a month after these changes were implemented, essentially all signs of digestive problems resolved, including milk fat content, fecal consistency, and blood plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and D-lactate. This case study points to multiple factors that likely combined to lead to microbial and gastrointestinal disruptions resulting in clinical disease in a subset of cows

Status of antioxidant and oxidant systems in rheumatic fever and hereditary collagen dysplasias

Recently, the interest in research on the role of free radical-induced lipid peroxidation reactions in pathogenesis of rheumatic fever and hereditary collagen dysplasias has considerably grown. The study tested blood plasma of 60 children: 18 carriers of hereditary collagen dysplasias and 42 children with rheumatic fever. Twenty healthy individuals have constituted control group. All patients have undergone complex clinical and laboratory examinations to evaluate process activity and disease stage, their familial and genealogical histories have been taken. Presence of rheumatoid factor was determined by latex agglutination test. Other rheumatic fever markers were tested by common methods. Status of the lipid peroxidation process was assessed by malondialdehyde content, using reaction with thiobarbituric acid and subsequent spectrophotometric measurement. Catalase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. To diagnosticate hereditary collagen dysplasias, hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine were assayed. Content of glycosaminoglycans was determined by electrophoresis, and levels of amino acids were measured chromatographically. In the majority of patients, the tests detected an increased daily urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans what reflects the process of collagen metabolism disorders. The authors detected elevated levels of malondialdehyde, increased activity of superoxide dismutase and decreased activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. These three markers are sufficiently sensitive to assess affection of immunocompetent cells in rheumatic fever and hereditary collagen dysplasias

Complex-Radical Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride (Styrene), Allyl Propionate and Methyl Methacrylate

The radical terpolymerization reactions of the acceptor-donor-acceptor and donor-acceptor-donor systems, maleic anhydride (MA)-allyl propionate (AP)-methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St)-MMA-AP, had been studied. The terpolymerizations were carried out in methyl ethyl ketone at 60-75 °C in the presence of 2,2’-azoisobutyronitrile (ABIN) used as the initiator. Some kinetic parameters and copolymerization constants - for both, system were determined by dilatometric and Kelen-Tudos or Seiner-Lift methods. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the free monomer and complex chain growth models. It is shown that terpolymerization was carried out at a stage close to binary copolymerization of MA...AP complex with free MMA and St...MMA complex with AP in the both studied system, respectively. These systems are also used as model for interpretation of cyclocopolymerization mechanism in allyl methactylate-MA (or St) system. DTA and TGA analyses indicated the relatively high thermal stability of St-MMA-AP terpolymer. It is shown that this terpolymer decomposes through a one-step reaction at 310 °C, however MA-AP-MMA terpolymer decomposes through a multi-step reactions at 150, 260 and 310 °C

Physical properties of thermoelectric zinc antimonide using first-principles calculations

We report first principles calculations of the structural, electronic, elastic and vibrational properties of the semiconducting orthorhombic ZnSb compound. We study also the intrinsic point defects in order to eventually improve the thermoelectric properties of this already very promising thermoelectric material. Concerning the electronic properties, in addition to the band structure, we show that the Zn (Sb) crystallographically equivalent atoms are not exactly equivalent from the electronic point of view. Lattice dynamics, elastic and thermodynamic properties are found to be in good agreement with experiments and they confirm the non equivalency of the zinc and antimony atoms from the vibrational point of view. The calculated elastic properties show a relatively weak anisotropy and the hardest direction is the y direction. We observe the presence of low energy modes involving both Zn and Sb atoms at about 5-6 meV, similarly to what has been found in Zn4Sb3 and we suggest that the interactions of these modes with acoustic phonons could explain the relatively low thermal conductivity of ZnSb. Zinc vacancies are the most stable defects and this explains the intrinsic p-type conductivity of ZnSb.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figure

Effects of postpartum treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on milk production and culling risk in dairy cattle

Dairy Research, 2014 is known as Dairy Day, 2014Inflammation during early lactation is common in dairy cattle, and a high degree of inflammation during this time has recently been associated with both lower productivity and greater risk of disease during that lactation. Early lactation treatments with two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were compared with a placebo treatment to evaluate effects on whole-lactation productivity and retention in the herd. Both meloxicam and sodium salicylate increased whole-lactation milk and milk protein yields by 6 to 9%, despite being administered for only 1 or 3 days in early lactation, respectively. In addition, meloxicam treatment tended to decrease the risk of cows leaving the herd during the lactation. These results indicate that postpartum inflammatory signals have long-lasting effects on lactation in dairy cattle

Розробка методик кількісного визначення фузидієвої кислоти та пантенолу в складі дерматологічного гелю «Фузипам-дерма»

Aim. To develop and validate the methods for the quantitative determination of fusidic acid and panthenol in “Fuzipam-derma” gel.Materials and methods. The determination was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU) 1.0 on a Prostar-210 liquid chromatograph, (Varian Chromatography System, USA).Results and discussion. The methods for the quantitative determination of fusidic acid and panthenol in “Fuzipam-derma” gel have been developed. The appropriate chromatographic conditions have been chosen, due to them the peaks of fusidic acid and panthenol are completely separated from other gel components. The validation of the methods for the quantitative determination of fusidic acid and panthenol has been performed. The data obtained have shown that the methods are stable and reproducible in different days.Conclusions. The methods for the quantitative determination of fusidic acid and panthenol in the composition of the new dermatological gel “Fuzipam-derma” for the treatment of grade І-ІІ acne has been developed using the HPLC method.Цель. Разработать и провести валидацию методик количественного определения фузидиевой кислоты и пантенола в геле «Фузипам-дерма».Материалы и методы. Определение проводили методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в соответствии с требованиями ДФУ 1.0 на жидкостном хроматографе «Prostar-210» фирмы «Varian Chromatography System», США.Результаты и их обсуждение. Разработаны методики количественного определения фузидиевой кислоты и пантенола в геле «Фузипам-дерма». Были подобраны соответствующие условия хроматографирования, за счет которых пики фузидиевой кислоты и пантенола полностью отделялись от других компонентов геля. Была проведена валидация методик количественного определения фузидиевой кислоты и пантенола. Полученные данные показали, что методики являются стабильными и воспроизводятся в разные дни.Выводы. С помощью метода ВЭЖХ разработаны методики количественного определения фузидиевой кислоты и пантенола в составе нового дерматологического геля «Фузипам-дерма» для лечения I-II степени угревой болезни.Мета. Розробити та провести валідацію методик кількісного визначення фузидієвої кислоти та пантенолу у гелі «Фузипам-дерма».Матеріали та методи. Визначення проводили методом високоефективної рідинної хроматографії  згідно з вимогами ДФУ 1.0 на рідинному хроматографі «Prostar-210» фірми «Varian Chromatography System», США.Результати та їх обговорення. Розроблені методики кількісного визначення фузидієвої кислоти та пантенолу у гелі «Фузипам-дерма». Були підібрані відповідні умови хроматографування, за рахунок яких пiки фузидієвої кислоти та пантенолу повнiстю вiдокремлюються вiд iнших компонентiв гелю. Була проведена валiдацiя методик кiлькiсного визначення фузидієвої кислоти та пантенолу. Отриманi данi показали, що методики є стабiльними та вiдтворюються у рiзнi днi.Висновки. За допомогою методу ВЕРХ розроблені методики кількісного визначення фузидієвої кислоти та пантенолу в складі нового дерматологічного гелю «Фузипам-дерма» для лікування І-ІІ ступеня вугрової хвороби