Analisis Kadar Vitamin C Mangga Gadung (Mangifera SP) dan Mangga Golek (Mangifera Indica L) Berdasarkan Tingkat Kematangan dengan Menggunakan Metode Iodimetri

Mango fruits contain several nutrients which are beneficial for the improvement of people's nutrition. Vitamin C is one of which highly needed by the body and can be used as a source of antioxidants. Vitamin C level of mangoes is strongly influenced by their varieties, environments, places, fertilizers, maturity levels, and so on. Levels of vitamin C will increase until the fruit is ripe, and will decrease when the maturity level has been exceeded. This research determined the vitamin C level of gadung and golek mangoes based on the maturity levels. gadung and golek mangoes used as the samples were half-ripe, ripe, and overripe fruits. Analysis of vitamin C levels in the samples was done by iodimetry method. The results showed that the vitamin C levels of Gadung were 83.66 mg/100 g on the half-ripe fruits, 101.82 mg/100 g on the ripe fruits, and 92.85 mg/100 g on the overripe fruits. Whereas the vitamin c levels of golek were 57.72 mg/100 g on the half-ripe fruits, 79.30 mg/100 g on the ripe fruits, and 61,14 mg/100 g on the overripe fruits. The data indicate that the ripe fruits of mangoes contain the optimum level of vitamin C

A systems-level framework for drug discovery identifies Csf1R as an anti-epileptic drug target

The identification of drug targets is highly challenging, particularly for diseases of the brain. To address this problem, we developed and experimentally validated a general computational framework for drug target discovery that combines gene regulatory information with causal reasoning (“Causal Reasoning Analytical Framework for Target discovery”—CRAFT). Using a systems genetics approach and starting from gene expression data from the target tissue, CRAFT provides a predictive framework for identifying cell membrane receptors with a direction-specified influence over disease-related gene expression profiles. As proof of concept, we applied CRAFT to epilepsy and predicted the tyrosine kinase receptor Csf1R as a potential therapeutic target. The predicted effect of Csf1R blockade in attenuating epilepsy seizures was validated in three pre-clinical models of epilepsy. These results highlight CRAFT as a systems-level framework for target discovery and suggest Csf1R blockade as a novel therapeutic strategy in epilepsy. CRAFT is applicable to disease settings other than epilepsy

AKT Signaling Mediates IGF-I Survival Actions on Otic Neural Progenitors

Background: Otic neurons and sensory cells derive from common progenitors whose transition into mature cells requires the coordination of cell survival, proliferation and differentiation programmes. Neurotrophic support and survival of post-mitotic otic neurons have been intensively studied, but the bases underlying the regulation of programmed cell death in immature proliferative otic neuroblasts remains poorly understood. The protein kinase AKT acts as a node, playing a critical role in controlling cell survival and cell cycle progression. AKT is activated by trophic factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), through the generation of the lipidic second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Here we have investigated the role of IGF-dependent activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in maintenance of otic neuroblasts. Methodology/Principal Findings: By using a combination of organotypic cultures of chicken (Gallus gallus) otic vesicles and acoustic-vestibular ganglia, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we show that IGF-I-activation of AKT protects neural progenitors from programmed cell death. IGF-I maintains otic neuroblasts in an undifferentiated and proliferative state, which is characterised by the upregulation of the forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor. By contrast, our results indicate that post-mitotic p27Kip-positive neurons become IGF-I independent as they extend their neuronal processes. Neurons gradually reduce their expression of the Igf1r, while they increase that of the neurotrophin receptor, TrkC. Conclusions/Significance: Proliferative otic neuroblasts are dependent on the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway by IGF-I for survival during the otic neuronal progenitor phase of early inner ear development

A book on vegetable dyes /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-143) and index.Mode of access: Internet

Study of a controlled Kolmogorov periodic equation connected to the optimization of periodic bioprocess

This paper is devoted to the study of a one-dimensional optimal control problem of Lagrange type under periodic constraints. The system is governed by a Kolmogorov equation including a control term. We show that the set of initial conditions for which there exists a control such that the associated trajectory is periodic is an interval. Thanks to Pontryagin Maximum Principle, we characterize optimal controls whenever the dynamics has two autonomous phases. Finally, we provide numerical simulation of the problem for a system describing a periodic photobioreactor.