Influence of pH on foaming and rheological properties of aerated high sugar system with egg white protein and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the total biopolymer (egg white protein - EW and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose – HPMC) concentration (1.4–5.6 g/100 g of sugar) and EW/HPMC ratio (2/1 to 18/1 g/g) on the apparent viscosity before whipping, foaming capacity (density and overrun) and foam rheological properties (G’, G” and δ) of sugar/EW/HPMC mixtures using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The conditions to obtain intermediate apparent viscosity, high foaming capacity, elastic and solid behaviour were total biopolymer concentration 5.0 g/100 g of sugar and EW/HPMC ratio 14/1 (g/g). Under these conditions, experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of interactions between EW and HPMC at pH 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 on the foaming and rheological properties. The greatest foaming capacity, elastic and solid behaviour, with no liquid drainage, were obtained at pH 3.0. At pH 4.5, foams possessed monodisperse bubble size distribution and viscoelastic behaviour, leading to better stability with respect to disproportionation and coalescence compared to foams at pH 3.0. At pH 6.0, foam showed the poorest foaming properties and viscous behaviour. The interactions between EW and HPMC in aerated confectionery at different pH affect foaming and rheological properties

Improve germination of caper (Capparis Spinosa l.) seeds by different induction treatments of seed dormancy breaking

Seed dormancy is a common phase of the plant life cycle; different treatments can be used for breaking dormancy. The aim of this study was to find the best treatment for breaking dormancy and improve germination of caper (Capparis spinosa L.). This study based on the completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications was done at research Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Institute, ACECR, Karaj, Iran. After different induction treatments containing different levels of potassium nitrate (KNO3), GA3, soaking and soaking with runner water, sulfuric acid, thidiazuron, and benzyl amino-purine, seeds were placed in Petri-dishes and incubated in two temperature regimes, first at fixed 20 ͦC, and second, alternate between 20 and 30 ͦC. The result showed that the germination percentage and germination rate of caper increased up to 75% and 1.35 respectively when the seeds treated with sulfuric acid for 15 min, and 2000 ppm GA3 under alternate 20-30 ͦC temperatures. Caper seed dormancy is mainly due to the inhibitors and hard seed coat that it prevents seed germination

Emulsification des bases laitières à foisonner par membrane : un procédé économe en énergie

National audienceThe tangential microfiltration is compared with high pressure homogenization of the sweetened milk bases designed to be foamed as topping (chantilly cream, i.e.). The hommgenization is known as being efficient for the refining of preemulsions, by producing a very important shear, unfortunately accompanied by an important heating. By the contrary, the microfiltration emulsification gives only a mild shear, with non noticeable heating. The emulsions have been foamed in a profiled rotor-stator device. The influence of membrane pores diameter, the flows of continuous and dispersed phases, the stabilizer type on the emulsification process has been studied. The results lead to the conclusion that membrane emulsification is a viable alternative to the classic foaming processes.La microfiltration tangentielle a été comparée à l'homogénéisation haute pression pour émulsifier des bases laitières sucrées destinées à être foisonnées sous forme de topping (du genre crème chantilly). L'homogénéisation est réputée très efficace pour affiner une préémulsion car elle procure un cisaillement extrêmement important, mais aussi un échauffement notable. Au contraire, l'émulsification par microfiltration ne met en jeu qu'un cisaillement faible et contrôlé puisqu'il correspond à l'entraînement, par la phase continue des gouttelettes de phase dispersée sortant des pores de la membrane. Les émulsions ont été foisonnées par un système rotor/stator à dents. Les facteurs étudiés lors de l'émulsification étaient le diamètre de pores de la membrane, 0.1 µm ou 0.5 µm, les flux respectifs de phase continue et de phase à disperser, et les types de stabilisants : la gélatine et un mélange d'hydrocolloides composé de xanthane, carraghénanes et guar. Les résultats montrent que le foisonnement est très sensible aux caractéristiques des émulsions; les émulsions fabriquées par microfiltration sur membrane de 0.1 µm ont des caractéristiques granulométriques et rhéologiques optimales pour un bon foisonnement ultérieur. En effet, même si ces émulsions ne sont pas aussi fines que celles fabriquées par homogénéisation hautes pressions, ceci sous-entend que l'aire interfaciale des globules gras est suffisamment peu élevée pour qu'il reste des protéines disponibles pour stabiliser les interfaces eau/air créées lors du foisonnement. Parmi ces émulsions foisonnées, celles qui proviennent d'émulsions stabilisées par des hydrocolloides manifestent des caractéristiques rhéologiques et des tailles de bulles telles qu'elles sont très fermes et stables. Ceci montre que le procédé d'émulsification par système à membrane représente une alternative sérieuse aux procédés traditionnels pour cette problématique

Effet de la formulation sur l'élaboration de mousses laitières de type "topping"

Focus : Emulsions alimentaires foisonnéesNational audienc

Impact des conditions d'émulsification sur l'élaboration de mousses laitières type "topping"

Focus : Emulsions alimentaires foisonnéesNational audienc

Study on the Efficacy of Some Current Herbicides for Control of Resistant and Susceptible Canarygrass (Phalaris spp.) Biotypes to Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Inhibitors

Abstract \ud Two separate greenhouse experiments were conducted in the greenhouse facilities of the Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, Tehran, to study the efficacy of some herbicides to control of resistant and susceptible P. minor and P. paradoxa biotypes. In each experiment, resistant and susceptible biotypes were treated separately by 19 herbicide treatments. Treatments included 10 ACCase inhibitors, 6 Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) inhibitors, prosulfocarb, flamprop-M-isopropyl, isoproturon plus diflufenican and a non-sprayed control. To evaluate the effects of treatments, different characteristics including percent damage based on EWRC scores at 15 and 30 days after spraying, percentage of survived plants after spraying relative to before spraying, and percentage of dry weight and wet weight of individual plants relative to control were studied. Results showed that the susceptible biotypes of P. minor were best controlled by clodinafop propargyl and pinoxaden at 450 ml/ha while pinoxaden at 450 ml/ha and cycloxydim were best options for control of the resistant biotype. Among ALS inhibitors, iodosulfuron plus mesosulfuron could control susceptible and resistant biotypes of P. minor very effectively and semi-satisfactory, respectively. Iodosulfuron plus mesosulfuron and sulfosulfuron plus metsulfuron could remarkably reduce the wet weight of individual plants compared to control so that the plants were not damaging any more. Among other herbicides, isoproturon plus diflufenican could control the susceptible and resistant biotypes semi-satisfactory and very effectively, respectively. \ud \ud Keywords: Herbicide resistance, ACCase inhibitors, ALS inhibitor