Les métamorphoses pâlissantes dans les textes traduits : étude sur le jaune et le blond.

Ante la poca atención que reciben en la producción científica en español las “figuras de traducción” (existencia de una serie de fenómenos que se repiten, independientemente de los idiomas y traductores implicados), nuestro objetivo básico es describir el proceder de los traductores cuando verbalizan lo que ven, sienten, perciben y comprenden del mundo evocado en el texto que traducen. Intentamos así aportar un esclarecimiento del fenómeno de la comprensión lectora (las reducciones realizadas por los lectores) para asentar el sentido de los enunciados literarios, y al mismo tiempo de la actividad traductora. Para ello, el artículo plantea analizar el breve espacio que da cuenta de la aprensión e identificación de los colores en el discurso mediante la revisión de la traducción del color amarillo y el matiz rubio en un corpus de textos literarios franceses y españoles (552 ítems analizados) para intentar delimitar las situaciones en las que surgen las traducciones literales de este cromatismo, y las situaciones para las que los traductores proponen distintos tipos de alejamiento, aplicando su propio “filtro de color”. Permite observar estrategias recurrentes en las alteraciones de amarillo y rubio en los textos traducidos, manifestando mayoritariamente una intensificación del realismo -que tiende a adecuar los adjetivos seleccionados a la realidad habitualmente observada (atenuación del color amarillo en determinadas situaciones: naturaleza otoñal, tez, pelo, etc.)-, o bien una respuesta (casi) automática a prácticas de lectura codificadas -preferencia de dorado como equivalente de rubio en situaciones relacionadas con objetos o elementos de la naturaleza-. Nuestra conclusión básica es que la reorganización pictórica presente en las novelas analizadas tiende a acentuar los estereotipos y los modelos realistas, en detrimento de cierta singularidad cromática propuesta por los distintos autores. Consecuentemente los traductores pierden de vista el traslado a la escritura de la imaginación creadora en los textos originales, y en las traducciones privilegian la dimensión referencial del lenguaje en detrimento de su función poética, privilegian un texto más inmediatamente legible e inteligible, designando así un tipo de discurso lícito para la lectura eficaz de enunciados ficticios

Optimisation d'un amortisseur d'une machine à courant continu : amélioration de la commutation

The introduction of a damper winding into a DC machine, fed by undulated current, significantly improves its efficiency. We present, in this paper, a method for optimizing this supplementary winding. The criteria for optimization are the following: i) the e.m.f. transformation generated, by the field winding, in the commutating coil, ii) the copper losses in the damper and inductor, iii) the dynamic response time of the machine. The variations of these parameters, in fonction of the total section of the damper, will lead to an optimal functioning of this damper.L'introduction d'un circuit amortisseur dans une machine à courant continu, alimentée par des courants ondulés, améliore notablement son fonctionnement. On présente dans cette étude, une méthode d'optimisation de cet enroulement supplémentaire. La f.e.m. de transformation générée par l'enroulement inducteur dans la section en commutation, les pertes par effet Joule dans l'amortisseur et l'inducteur, ainsi que le temps de réponse dynamique de la machine sont les critères de l'optimisation. Leurs variations en fonction de la section totale de l'enroulement amortisseur peuvent nous conduire à un amortisseur optimal

Magnetic equivalent circuit model of a hybrid excitation synchronous machine

International audiencePurpose The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical modeling based on lumped parameter magnetic circuits of a hybrid excitation synchronous machine. The model is first established and compared with 3D finite elements analysis and measurements. It is then used to optimise hybrid excitation effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach The machine studied, which has a 3D structure, requires the use of 3D finite elements method. The 3D FEA tool is still time‐consuming, which limits its use in optimal design process. To overcome this limitation the paper investigates an analytical modeling based on lumped parameter magnetic circuits. The developed model is then used in an optimisation procedure. Findings The machine presented has an original structure. It has been subject to a patent protection. The operating principle of this structure has been presented and optimisation of hybrid excitation effectiveness has been investigated. Double excitation allows one to control air gap flux while reducing permanent magnets' demagnetisation risk. Originality/value The paper presents an original structure with true field regulation capability. The principle of operation has been presented. A prototype has been built and tested. The paper also presents a 3D finite elements analysis of this machine and an analytical modelling

Mosses used for Caulking the Early Bronze Age Logboat from Degersee, Southern Germany

In einem etwa vor 4000 Jahren aus Erlenholz gefertigten Stammboot wurde im Zwischenraum zwischen einem Heckbrett und einer in den Boden eingelassenen Nut Kalfatmasse beobachtet. Es handelt sich dabei vor allem um Anomodon viticulosus, zudem wurden dreizehn weitere Moosarten sowie ein Lebermoos nachgewiesen. Die botanische Auswertung erlaubt die vorläufige Aussage, dass das Boot nicht unmittelbar am Degersee kalfatert wurde, oder aber dass die Moose im weiteren Umfeld des Degersees gesammelt wurden und zum Boot transportiert wurden.A boat dug out of a Alnus (alder) trunk about 4,000 years ago had the space between the transom (stern) board and the slot cut in the hull caulked with mosses principally a mass of Anomodon viticulosus but there were thirteen other mosses and one liverwort. The mosses allow the tentative deduction that the boat may not have been caulked at Degersee or, if caulked there, the mosses had been gathered elsewhere in the vicinity and brought to the boat

Switched reluctance machine vibration reduction using a vectorial piezoelectric actuator control

This paper deals with an original approach of the Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) control for the purpose of reducing stator vibrations. Two combined approaches are studied in the aim of reducing the vibratory acceleration generated and thus the acoustic noise. The first one is based on a sinusoidal control of the magnetic phase current and the second one, on an optimal control of piezoelectric actuators (PZT) stuck on the SRM stator. The sinusoidal control of the magnetic phase current introduces properties on the vibratory acceleration distribution that are used to design an original actuator controller. Principles and viability of these combined vibration damping methods are deduced from theories and experiments

Effets du mode d'élevage des agnelles de renouvellement sur leurs performances zootechniques et leur comportement au pâturage

International audienc

A novel magnetizer for 2D broadband characterization of steel sheets and soft magnetic composites

The magnetic materials used in embedded applications need characterization and modeling in the kilohertz range. This problem is well addressed under conventional alternating induction, but with rotational and two-dimensional induction loci, which are ubiquitous in electrical machines, there is lack of results, because of the difficult task of reaching such high frequencies at technically interesting induction values with the conventional laboratory test benches. To overcome this difficulty, a novel three phase magnetizer has been designed, exploiting 3D finite element calculations, and applied in the lab. This device permits one to measure magnetization curve and losses in soft magnetic steel sheets and soft magnetic composites under alternating and circular induction up to about 5 kHz. We provide a few significant examples of loss measurements in 0.20 mm thick Fe-Si and Fe50Co50 laminations, and in soft magnetic composites. These measurements bring to light the role of skin effect under one- and two-dimensional fields