Effect of a columnar defect on the shape of slow-combustion fronts

We report experimental results for the behavior of slow-combustion fronts in the presence of a columnar defect with excess or reduced driving, and compare them with those of mean-field theory. We also compare them with simulation results for an analogous problem of driven flow of particles with hard-core repulsion (ASEP) and a single defect bond with a different hopping probability. The difference in the shape of the front profiles for excess vs. reduced driving in the defect, clearly demonstrates the existence of a KPZ-type of nonlinear term in the effective evolution equation for the slow-combustion fronts. We also find that slow-combustion fronts display a faceted form for large enough excess driving, and that there is a corresponding increase then in the average front speed. This increase in the average front speed disappears at a non-zero excess driving in agreement with the simulated behavior of the ASEP model.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Modeling Translation in Protein Synthesis with TASEP: A Tutorial and Recent Developments

The phenomenon of protein synthesis has been modeled in terms of totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes (TASEP) since 1968. In this article, we provide a tutorial of the biological and mathematical aspects of this approach. We also summarize several new results, concerned with limited resources in the cell and simple estimates for the current (protein production rate) of a TASEP with inhomogeneous hopping rates, reflecting the characteristics of real genes.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure

The availability of land for perennial energy crops in Great Britain

This paper defines the potentially available land for perennial energy crops across Great Britain as the first component of a broader appraisal undertaken by the ‘Spatial Modelling of Bioenergy in Great Britain to 2050’ project. Combining data on seven primary constraints in a GIS reduced the available area to just over 9 M ha (40% of GB). Adding other restrictions based on land cover naturalness scores to represent landscape considerations resulted in a final area of 8.5 M ha (37% of GB). This distribution was compared with the locations of Miscanthus and SRC willow established under the English Energy Crop Scheme during 2001–2011 and it was found that 83% of the planting fell within the defined available land. Such a correspondence provides confidence that the factors considered in the analysis were broadly consistent with previous planting decisions

Yield Gap Analysis of Jowar in Maharashtra

Jowar is the main cereal crop in Maharashtra occupying 4.176 M ha area out of which rabi jowar occupied maximum area of 3.112 M ha during the year 2009-10. The gradual growth in use of technology in agriculture has resulted in increased crop productivity. The actual yields obtained are considerably lower than those recorded in the demonstration plots and research stations/farms. Therefore, there is a need to know the different yield gaps between the farmers’ fields and the demonstration plots. The study has suggested that to bridge this gap the use of recommended levels of input is most essential. The farmers should be motivated through visits to progressive farmers and organizations of field demonstrations, seminars and other communication means to use the recommended levels of inputs and improved variety of seeds to enhance the productivity of jowar in the state.Yield gap, Maharashtra, Jowar, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q12, Q16,

Dynamics of global forest area: Results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015

The area of land covered by forest and trees is an important indicator of environmental condition. This study presents and analyses results from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 (FRA 2015) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FRA 2015 was based on responses to surveys by individual countries using a common reporting framework, agreed definitions and reporting standards. Results indicated that total forest area declined by 3%, from 4128 M ha in 1990 to 3999 M ha in 2015. The annual rate of net forest loss halved from 7.3 M ha y−1 in the 1990s to 3.3 M ha y−1 between 2010 and 2015. Natural forest area declined from 3961 M ha to 3721 M ha between 1990 and 2015, while planted forest (including rubber plantations) increased from 168 M ha to 278 M ha. From 2010 to 2015, tropical forest area declined at a rate of 5.5 M ha y−1 – only 58% of the rate in the 1990s – while temperate forest area expanded at a rate of 2.2 M ha y−1. Boreal and sub-tropical forest areas showed little net change. Forest area expanded in Europe, North America, the Caribbean, East Asia, and Western-Central Asia, but declined in Central America, South America, South and Southeast Asia and all three regions in Africa. Analysis indicates that, between 1990 and 2015, 13 tropical countries may have either passed through their forest transitions from net forest loss to net forest expansion, or continued along the path of forest expansion that follows these transitions. Comparing FRA 2015 statistics with the findings of global and pan-tropical remote-sensing forest area surveys was challenging, due to differences in assessment periods, the definitions of forest and remote sensing methods. More investment in national and global forest monitoring is needed to provide better support for international initiatives to increase sustainable forest management and reduce forest loss, particularly in tropical countries

ANALISIS POTENSI HUTAN TANAMAN JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq)

Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq) is an endemic plant in Sulawesi and Maluku, this species is classified as a fast growing plant with high economic value and its distribution is distributed naturally throughout Indonesia. This study aims to determine the potential of Jabon Plantation Forest aged 4 and 5 years. This research was conducted for two months in Wulai Village, Bambalamotu District, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi Province and in Rerang Village, Dampelas District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research was determined by purposive sampling using line plot sampling where the plot is made with a square shape with a sampling intensity of 10%. Based on the results of the study showed the average standing volume of the age of 4 years was 92.71 m³ / Ha with a standard deviation value of 13.74 m³ / Ha, the deviation obtained from the variance value was 188.84 m³ / Ha. The standard error value is 6.48 m³ / Ha with an accuracy obtained (large) of 6.99%. While the average volume of the age of 5 years is 209.45 m³ / Ha with a standard deviation value of 16.39 m³ / Ha, the deviation obtained from the variance value is 268.64 m³ / H. The standard error value is obtained 6.95 m³ / Ha with accuracy obtained (small) 3.32%. The degree of deviation and accuracy of the data obtained is strongly influenced by the amount of sampling intensity.Keywords: analysis, potential, Jabon

ANALYSIS BIOECONOMY, GROWTH AND RECOVERY STANDS FELLING FORESTS BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM IN PENAJAM PASER UTARA REGENCY EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

The purpose of this research are 1) to find out the increment of former forest of dipterocarpaceae and non dipterocarpaceae, 2) to know the increment of dipterocarpaceae as recovery plant at PT ITCI Kartika Utama, East Kalimantan Province, RSSI or Indonesia restoration silvicultural system as a method. The object of this research are the increment of dipterocarpaceae and non-dipterocarpaceae, while as the recovery plant is Shorea johorensis (plot A) and Dryobalanops aromatic (Plot B). The research method used theory production and increment (CAI and MAI). The data got since 2004. It was at the age 10 years while conducted predictions and simulation at the age 50 years. Simulation and production analysis used linier regression method. The result of this research showed increment od dipterocapaceae is 1.33 m³/ha/y (plot A),1.28 m³/ha/y( plot B), and the increment of non dipterocarpaceae is 1.49 m³/ha/y (plot A),1.36 m³/ha/y (plot B) at the age 30 years after logging, meanwhile the increment of recovery plant is 3.6 m³/ha/y (plot A), 2.45 m³/ha/y (plot B) at the age 40 as long as cultivation. The value of bioeconomy and the environment based on local wisdom is 35%. It is higher than market price or goverment price license. It means the value of DR and PSDH should be high because market price is not match with refund of environmental services. Key words: Bio economy, Growth, Logged, Recover

Estoque comercial para o segundo ciclo de corte na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós - área experimental KM 67 - Embrapa.

O estudo apresenta o estoque comercial para o segundo ciclo de corte do experimento km 67 da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Este volume é de 69,7 m³/ha para o grupo de espécies comerciais colhidas em 1979, considerando diâmetro mínimo de corte de 50 cm. A média de produtividade em volume comercial para este grupo de espécies comerciais foi de 1,47 m³/ha/ano no período de 31 anos de monitoramento. Logo após a exploração de 1979, as espécies comerciais iniciaram a recuperação de sua estrutura, na comparação entre o volume após a exploração (1981) e o volume disponível 31 anos depois, houve um acréscimo de 45,5 m³/ha em árvores dessas espécies com diâmetro acima do DMC