7,219 research outputs found
Dark Matter Scaling Relations
We establish the presence of a dark matter core radius, for the first time in
a very large number of spiral galaxies of all luminosities. Contrary to common
opinion we find that the sizes of these cores and the " DM core problem" are
bigger for more massive spirals. As a result the Burkert profile provides an
excellent mass model for dark halos around disk galaxies. Moreover, we find
that the spiral dark matter core densities and core radii
lie in the same scaling relation of dwarf galaxies with core radii upto ten times more
smaller.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for Publication in Apj Let
Warm dust in the terrestrial planet zone of a sun-like Pleiad: collisions between planetary embryos?
Only a few solar-type main sequence stars are known to be orbited by warm
dust particles; the most extreme is the G0 field star BD+20 307 that emits ~4%
of its energy at mid-infrared wavelengths. We report the identification of a
similarly dusty star HD 23514, an F6-type member of the Pleiades cluster. A
strong mid-IR silicate emission feature indicates the presence of small warm
dust particles, but with the primary flux density peak at the non-standard
wavelength of ~9 micron. The existence of so much dust within an AU or so of
these stars is not easily accounted for given the very brief lifetime in orbit
of small particles. The apparent absence of very hot (>~1000 K) dust at both
stars suggests the possible presence of a planet closer to the stars than the
dust. The observed frequency of the BD+20 307/HD 23514 phenomenon indicates
that the mass equivalent of Earth's Moon must be converted, via collisions of
massive bodies, to tiny dust particles that find their way to the terrestrial
planet zone during the first few hundred million years of the life of many
(most?) sun-like stars. Identification of these two dusty systems among
youthful nearby solar-type stars suggests that terrestrial planet formation is
common.Comment: ApJ in press, 19 pages including 3 figures and 2 tables, minor
changes to the tables and figure
Suppression of mitochondrial respiration through recruitment of p160 myb binding protein to PGC-1α : modulation by p38 MAPK
The transcriptional coactivator PPAR gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of metabolic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in muscle and gluconeogenesis in liver. Reduced levels of PGC-1α in humans have been associated with type II diabetes. PGC-1α contains a negative regulatory domain that attenuates its transcriptional activity. This negative regulation is removed by phosphorylation of PGC-1α by p38 MAPK, an important kinase downstream of cytokine signaling in muscle and β-adrenergic signaling in brown fat. We describe here the identification of p160 myb binding protein (p160MBP) as a repressor of PGC-1α. The binding and repression of PGC-1α by p160MBP is disrupted by p38 MAPK phosphorylation of PGC-1α. Adenoviral expression of p160MBP in myoblasts strongly reduces PGC-1α's ability to stimulate mitochondrial respiration and the expression of the genes of the electron transport system. This repression does not require removal of PGC-1α from chromatin, suggesting that p160MBP is or recruits a direct transcriptional suppressor. Overall, these data indicate that p160MBP is a powerful negative regulator of PGC-1α function and provide a molecular mechanism for the activation of PGC-1α by p38 MAPK. The discovery of p160MBP as a PGC-1α regulator has important implications for the understanding of energy balance and diabetes
Time--Splitting Schemes and Measure Source Terms for a Quasilinear Relaxing System
Several singular limits are investigated in the context of a
system arising for instance in the modeling of chromatographic processes. In
particular, we focus on the case where the relaxation term and a
projection operator are concentrated on a discrete lattice by means of Dirac
measures. This formulation allows to study more easily some time-splitting
numerical schemes
Superconducting gap structure of the 115's revisited
Density functional theory calculations of the electronic structure of Ce- and
Pu-based heavy fermion superconductors in the so-called 115 family are
performed. The gap equation is used to consider which superconducting order
parameters are most favorable assuming a pairing interaction that is peaked at
(\pi,\pi,q_z) - the wavevector for the antiferromagnetic ordering found in
close proximity. In addition to the commonly accepted order
parameter, there is evidence that an extended s-wave order parameter with nodes
is also plausible. We discuss whether these results are consistent with current
observations and possible measurements that could help distinguish between
these scenarios.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; Accepted for publication in JPC
The Tucana/Horologium, Columba, AB Doradus, and Argus Associations: New Members and Dusty Debris Disks
We propose 35 star systems within ~70 pc of Earth as newly identified members
of nearby young stellar kinematic groups; these identifications include the
first A- and late-B type members of the AB Doradus moving group and field Argus
Association. All but one of the 35 systems contain a bright solar- or
earlier-type star that should make an excellent target for the next generation
of adaptive optics (AO) imaging systems on large telescopes. AO imaging has
revealed four massive planets in orbit around the {\lambda} Boo star HR 8799.
Initially the planets were of uncertain mass due in large part to the uncertain
age of the star. We find that HR 8799 is a likely member of the ~30 Myr old
Columba Association implying planet masses ~6 times that of Jupiter. We
consider Spitzer Space Telescope MIPS photometry of stars in the ~30 Myr old
Tucana/Horologium and Columba Associations, the ~40 Myr old field Argus
Association, and the ~70 Myr old AB Doradus moving group. The percentage of
stars in these young stellar groups that display excess emission above the
stellar photosphere at 24 and 70 \mu m wavelengths - indicative of the presence
of a dusty debris disk - is compared with corresponding percentages for members
of 11 open clusters and stellar associations with ages between 8 and 750 Myr,
thus elucidating the decay of debris disks with time.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
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Meteorological and chemical factors controlling ozone formation in Seoul during MAPS-Seoul 2015
To understand the chemical mechanisms of controlling factors in ozone (O3) formation in early summer in Seoul, a comprehensive study encompassing measurement and modeling was conducted under the Megacity Air Pollution Study-Seoul (MAPS-Seoul) campaign. From May 18 to June 12, 2015, O3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) were measured, along with their precursors, including NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, located in northeast Seoul. VOCs were sampled in a canister twice a day (at 09:30 and 15:00) and analyzed via gas chromatography. The meteorological conditions and chemical regimes of the air masses were clearly distinguished during the study period. In May, NOx concentrations were higher with more pronounced diurnal cycles of precursors and O3 under constant westerly winds. By contrast, stagnant conditions developed in June, which reduced the inflow of primary emissions from the downtown area but increased the influence from the neighboring forest under high temperatures. As a result, the ratio of O3 to odd oxygen was higher in June, indicating a less efficient removal of O3 by NOx. In the same context, the air mass was chemically more aged with a higher NO2/NOx ratio and enhanced OH reactivity of oxygenated and biogenic VOCs in June. The overall measurement results suggest that O3 formation is slightly more sensitive to VOCs than to NOx in Seoul during this season, when O3 concentrations are the highest of the year
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Gastric Extremely Well-Diferentiated Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma: A Challenging Lesion to Achieve Complete Endoscopic Resection
Extremely well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas (EWDAs) of the stomach are characterized by surface maturation and their mimicking of intestinal metaplasia. Endoscopically, intramucosal EWDAs are frequently ill defined with indistinct borders due to the pallor of the neoplastic mucosa and the lack of contrast against the background atrophic and metaplastic mucosa. We evaluated the effectiveness of endoscopic resection for EWDAs after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
Among 872 patients with early gastric cancer, 17 EWDAs were identified (1.9 %). Endoscopically, the flat or depressed type was significantly more common among EWDAs (88.2 %) than among early gastric cancers of other histologies (37.8 %; P < 0.01). The discrepancy between endoscopically estimated tumor size and tumor size as confirmed in pathology reports was significantly greater among EWDAs (18.4 ± 22.0 mm) than among others (5.8 ± 7.5 mm). Involvement of the lateral resection margin was more common (29.4 % vs. 2.5 %; P < 0.05), and complete resection was achieved less often in EWDAs (47.1 % vs. 80.4 %; P = 0.01) compared to the others.
EWDAs are associated with higher rates of incomplete resection after ESD, especially along the lateral margins. Pathologists should alert endoscopists when this diagnosis is made, with its associated risks; and endoscopists should pay particular attention to the extent of these tumors during resection
FUSE and STIS Observations of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium towards PG1259+593
We use FUSE and STIS spectra to study intergalactic absorption towards the
quasar PG1259+593 (z=0.478). We identify 135 intergalactic absorption lines
with equivalent widths >10mA, tracing 78 absorption components in 72 Ly
alpha/beta absorption-line systems. We concentrate on the distribution and
physical properties of the WHIM as sampled by OVI and intrinsically broad Ly
alpha lines. The number of intervening OVI absorbers for equivalent widths W>24
mA is 3-6 over an unobscured redshift path of dz=0.368. This implies a number
density of OVI systems, dN/dz, of ~8-16 along this sight line. This range is
consistent with estimates from other sight lines, supporting the idea that
intervening intergalactic OVI absorbers contain an substantial fraction of the
baryonic mass in the low-redshift Universe. We identify a number of broad Ly
alpha absorbers with large Doppler parameters (b~40-200 km/s) and low column
densities (N(HI)<10^14 cm^-2). For pure thermal broadening, these widths
correspond to temperatures of ~1x10^5 to 3x10^6 K. While these broad absorbers
could be caused by blends of multiple, unresolved lines, continuum undulations,
or by kinematic flows and Hubble broadening, we consider the possibility that
some of these features are single-component, thermally broadened Ly alpha
lines. These systems could represent WHIM absorbers that are too weak, too
metal-poor, and/or too hot to be detected in OVI. If so, their widths and their
frequency in the PG1259+593 spectrum imply that these absorbers trace an even
larger fraction of the baryons in the low-redshift Universe than the OVI
absorbing systems (abridged version).Comment: 71 pages, 25 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
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