New Types of Off-Diagonal Long Range Order in Spin-Chains

We discuss new possibilities for Off-Diagonal Long Range Order (ODLRO) in spin chains involving operators which add or delete sites from the chain. For the Heisenberg and Inverse Square Exchange models we give strong numerical evidence for the hidden ODLRO conjectured by Anderson \cite{pwa_conj}. We find a similar ODLRO for the XY model (or equivalently for free fermions in one spatial dimension) which we can demonstrate rigorously, as well as numerically. A connection to the singlet pair correlations in one dimensional models of interacting electrons is made and briefly discussed.Comment: 13 pages, Revtex v3.0, 2 PostScript figures include

Strongly correlated electronic materials

This is the final report of a 3-year project. Novel electronic materials characterized by strong electronic correlations display a number of unexpected, often extraordinary, properties. These are likely to play a major role in purpose-specific high-technology electronic materials of the future developed for electronic, magnetic, and optical applications. This project sought to develop predictive control of the novel properties by formulating, solving and applying many-body models for the underlying microscopic physics. This predictive control required the development of new analytical and numerical many-body techniques and strategies for materials of varying strengths of interactions, dimensionality and geometry. Results are compared with experiment on classes of novel materials, and the robust techniques are used to predict additional properties and motivate key additional experiments

Statement of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel —pressure ulcer classification: differentiation between pressure ulcers and moisture lesions

A pressure ulcer is an area of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure or shear and/or a combination of these.The identification of pressure damage is an essential and integral part of clinical practice and pressure ulcer research. Pressure ulcer classification is a method of determining the severity of a pressure ulcer and is also used to distinguish pressure ulcers from other skin lesions. A classification system describes a series of numbered grades or stages, each determining a different degree oftissue damage.The European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) defined 4 different pressure ulcer grades (Table 1).1 Nonblanchable erythema is a sign that pressure and shear are causing tissue damage and that preventive measures should be taken without delay to prevent the development of pressure ulcer lesions (Grade 2, 3, or 4).The diagnosis of the existence of a pressure ulcer is more difficult than one commonly assumes. There is often confusion between a pressure ulcer and a lesion that is caused by the presence of moisture, for example, because of incontinence of urine and/or feces. Differentiation between the two is clinically important, because prevention and treatment strategies differ largely and the consequences of the outcome for the patient are imminently important. This statement on pressure ulcer classification is limited to the differentiation between pressure ulcers and moisture lesions. Obviously, there are numerous other lesions that might be misclassified as a pressure ulcer (eg, leg ulcer and diabetic foot). Experience has shown that because of their location, moisture lesions are the ones most often misclassified as pressure ulcers. 2-3Wound-related characteristics (causes, location, shape, depth, edges, and color), along with patient-related characteristics, are helpful to differentiate between a pressure ulcer and a moisture lesion