Hapke-based computational method to enable unmixing of hyperspectral data of common salts

© 2018, The Author(s). Environmental scientists are currently assessing the ability of hyper-spectral remote sensing to detect, identify, and analyze natural components, including minerals, rocks, vegetation and soil. This paper discusses the use of a nonlinear reflectance model to distinguish multicomponent particulate mixtures. Analysis of the data presented in this paper shows that, although the identity of the components can often be found from diagnostic wavelengths of absorption bands, the quantitative abundance determination requires knowledge of the complex refractive indices and average particle scattering albedo, phase function and size. The present study developed a method for spectrally unmixing halite and gypsum combinations. Using the known refractive indexes of the components, and with the assistance of Hapke theory and Legendre polynomials, the authors develop a method to find the component particle sizes and mixing coefficients for blends of halite and gypsum. Material factors in the method include phase function parameters, bidirectional reflectance, imaginary index, grain sizes, and iterative polynomial fitting. The obtained Hapke parameters from the best-fit approach were comparable to those reported in the literature. After the optical constants (n, the so-called real index of refraction and k, the coefficient of the imaginary index of refraction) are derived, and the geometric parameters are determined, single-scattering albedo (or ω) can be calculated and spectral unmixing becomes possible

Compositional and electrical characterisation of the hydrogen-oxygen terminated diamond (100) surface

In this work (100) diamond films are hydrogenated using a conventional MWPE-CVD (microwave plasma enhanced chem. vapor deposition) reactor contg. a H2 or a H2/O2 mixt. For the latter, XPS (XPS) expts. show an increased presence of oxygen at the (sub)-surface. Contrary to pure H2-plasma treated samples, H2/O2-treated layers still posses enough cond. to enable STS (Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy) investigations to be carried out after an annealing at 410 DegC in UHV (Ultra High Vacuum). Evidence for surface resonance states is detected, yielding a possible explanation for the measured cond. UPS (UPS) data point to a neg. electron affinity of -0.3 eV for the H2/O2-treated layers. [on SciFinder (R)

The role of (sub)-surface oxygen on the surface electronic structure of hydrogen terminated (100) CVD diamond

In this work, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) were applied to investigate the surface morphol. and the surface electronic structure of plasma-treated (100)-oriented CVD diamond films. These films were hydrogenated using a conventional MWPE-CVD (microwave plasma enhanced chem. vapor deposition) reactor contg. a H2 or a H2/O2 mixt. A comparison is made between (100)-oriented CVD diamond films hydrogenated with and without a small addn. of oxygen (1%). XPS and UPS (UPS) measurements point to the presence of O-atoms at the (sub)-surface of the diamond film. The measured cond. is significantly different for the two processes of hydrogenation. Annealing expts. point out that the samples, which were terminated using the H2/O2 mixt. are still conductive enough after annealing at 410 DegC to enable STM expts. Here, we discuss the mechanism for STM imaging of H2/O2 treated diamond films, assocd. with surface states induced by the oxygen incorporation. [on SciFinder (R)

Fat-rich diet-induced obese mice show premature immunosenescence

6th International Workshop on Immunonutrition, 15th–17th October 2012, Palma de Mallorca.Peer reviewe

Identification and characterization of Romanian grapevine genetic resources

UMR AGAG Equipe DAAV "Diversité, adaptation et amélioration de la vigne"International audienceThe research focused on old Romanian varieties of local distribution, with very limited growing area and also on those nowadays neglected, to identify, characterize and compare these cultivars with one another and on a larger geographic scale. Ampelografic characterization with 48 descriptors, photographs of shoot tip, leaf and bunch and genotyping using 13 SSR markers were applied together with literature references to confirm trueness to type. The sixty one accessions belonged to fifty one varieties. New synonymies were detected (e.g. 'Negru romanesc' = 'Batuta neagra'; 'Carcioasa' = 'Balint weiss'; 'Galbena marunta' = 'Kakotrygis'), assignments were modified (e.g. 'Galbena uriasa' = 'Mirkovaca' and not equal 'Galbena de Odobesti' as previously assumed), misnomers identified and unique genotypes were detected which had never been described before. Molecular data supported previous pedigree relationships and allowed new parent-offspring hypotheses to be formulated. The results were shown to be useful for updating the information on old Romanian grapevine germplasm

An analysis of performance in elite young cross-country skiing: classical style vs skate skiing.

Problem statement: The aim of this study was to assess the differences in the skiing performance of two skiing styles (classical style Vs. skate skiing), in a group of young high-level skiers. Approach: Four high-level male junior cross-country skiers from the Centre of Winter Sports of Aragon (Spain), were selected for this study that was developed during two competitions: 10 km free technique and 10 km classical technique performed in the same circuit and under the same conditions (snow quality, temperature, wind and relative humidity). Physiological variables, maximal and medium heart rate, blood lactate concentration (basal, final and during the recovery, after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min) and medium skiing speed, were analyzed with GPS Garmin Forerruner 305® Heart Rate Pulse and Lactate Dr. Lange analyzer®. Normally distributed data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Shapiro-Wilk) were statistically analyzed with one way ANOVA and t-Test for post-hoc comparisons (p<0.05). No-normally distributed data were analyzed with the Friedman and Wilcoxon Tests (p<0.05). Results: No significant differences have been recorded in the medium skiing speed, maximal and medium heart rate between the two styles. The peak heart rate was the same in both styles (188 bpm), although medium heart rate was lower in skate skiing vs. classical skiing (165 bpm Vs. 175 bpm). Blood lactate concentrations recorded significant differences during 4, 6, 8 and 10 min of recovery, being higher in free technique (12.7±1.7; 11.4±1.8; 10.4±1.4 and 8.9±1.6 mmol L−1 Vs. 8.7±1.3; 7.5±1.6; 6.3±1.3 and 5.6±1.1 mmol L−1, respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that skate skiing generates a higher impact on the cross-country skier than classical skiing, due to higher blood lactate concentrations during 4, 6, 8 and 10 min of recovery. The own characteristics of the free technique may be the reason of the lower mean heart rate