Peculiarities of gamma-quanta distribution at 20 TeV energy

The angular distribution of protons from the fragmentational region is analyzed. The gamma-quanta families are generated in a dense target by cosmic ray particles at 20 Tev energy. Families were found which had dense groups (spikes) of gamma-quanta where the rapidity/density is 3 times more than the average value determined for all registered families. The experimental data is compared with the results of artificial families simulation

Stress-strained state and the stability of a spherical segment under the influence of a load with a flat base

In this paper the problem of the buckling of the transversal-isotropic segment of spherical shell with the different thicknesses under the influence of the load with a flat base is studied. The spherical segment has a rigid support on the edge and previously has been loaded by internal pressure. The solution of this problem is based on the theory of the shell of moderate thickness by Paly-Spiro. This theory takes into account the influence of the cross-section shear and change of the shell thickness. For modelling such large deformations, the method of consequent loading is used. In this method, due to the use of linear physical relations, it is possible to trace the non-linear problem at each separate stage to the solution of a linear system. The comparison of the results which were obtained with the use of the method of linearization of non-linear equilibrium equations and the method of minimization of elastic potential of the shell has been done. The problems of stress-strain state of soft and close to soft shells that are under the influence of a load with a flat base are important for analysing the data related to measuring a very important in ophthalmology characteristic of intraocular pressure

On the stability of the cylindrical shell under the axial compression with use of non-classical theories of shells

The problem of stability of the cylindrical shell under the axial compression by means of new non-classical shell theories is studied. To solve it the local approach is used. According to it the buckling deflection is sought in the form of a doubly periodic function of curvilinear coordinates. The comparison of well-known solutions obtained with the use of classical shell theories of Kirchhoff-Love (KL) and Timoshenko-Reissner (TR) with the results of improved non-classical shell theories of Rodionova-Titaev-Chernykh (RTCH) and Paliy-Spiro (PS) is done

The Structure of Martian Magnetosphere at the Dayside Terminator Region as Observed on MAVEN Spacecraft

We analyzed 44 passes of the MAVEN spacecraft through the magnetosphere, arranged by the angle between electric field vector and the projection of spacecraft position radius vector in the YZ plane in MSE coordinate system (${\theta}$ E ). All passes were divided into 3 angular sectors near 0{\deg}, 90{\deg} and 180{\deg} ${\theta}$ E angles in order to estimate the role of IMF direction in plasma and magnetic properties of dayside Martian magnetosphere. The time interval chosen was from January 17 through February 4, 2016 when MAVEN was crossing the dayside magnetosphere at SZA ~ 70{\deg}. Magnetosphere as the region with prevailing energetic planetary ions is always found between the magnetosheath and the ionosphere. 3 angular sectors of dayside interaction region in MSE coordinate system with different orientation of the solar wind electric field vector E = -1/c V x B showed that for each sector one can find specific profiles of the magnetosheath, the magnetic barrier and the magnetosphere. Plume ions originate in the northern MSE sector where motion electric field is directed from the planet. This electric field ejects magnetospheric ions leading to dilution of magnetospheric heavy ions population, and this effect is seen in some magnetospheric profiles. Magnetic barrier forms in front of the magnetosphere, and relative magnetic field magnitudes in these two domains vary. The average height of the boundary with ionosphere is ~530 km and the average height of the magnetopause is ~730 km. We discuss the implications of the observed magnetosphere structure to the planetary ions loss mechanism.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figure

Biomechanical analysis of parameters influencing pressure-volume relationship in the human eye

Purpose: To study the effects of different mechanical properties of the sclera and the cornea, such as their anisotropy, non-uniformity, and deflections in their spherical shapes on pressure-volume relationship. Methods: Correlations between the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the intraocular volume (IOV) were found for spherical and ellipsoidal orthotropic layers by means of 3D-theory of elasticity. Subsequently, the corneoscleral shell of the eye was modeled as a conjugated shell consisting of two segments. The sclera and the cornea are generally assumed to be the parts of the orthotropic elliptic shells with different geometrical and mechanical properties. Relationship between IOP and IOV was obtained for three mechanical models with following problem statements: 1) sclera and cornea are assumed to be soft shells; 2) sclera and cornea are supposedto be orthotropic shells with small modules of elasticity in the thickness direction; for this model calculations were made due to applied shell theory by Chernykh; 3) sclera and cornea are modeled as 3D elastic solids with FEM/ANSYS (ANSYS, Inc.,Canonsburg, PA). The calculations were performed for different sets of parameters for all three mechanical models and were compared to clinical data. Results: Transversal isotropic shells of revolution of different shapes (modelling the sclera) with equal initial volumes showed linear pressure-volume relationship, while proportionality factor (K) is minimal for a spherical shell (emmetropic eye).If the ratio of the axial length (AL) and the equatorial diameter of the shell (D) increases (the case of a shell modelling a myopic eye), then factor K increases up to 5-10%. If the ratio AL/D decreases (for a shell modelling a hyperopic eye), then factorK starkly increases up to 100%. The same effect was observed for the 2-segments model. Conclusions: Both the orthotropic properties of the sclera (the ratio of two tangential modules of elasticity) and the non-uniformity of the sclera have a significant effect on the character of the pressure-volume relationship and, thus, on the rigidity of the human eye. Geometric and elastic properties of the cornea also affect the relationship, although to the less extent

Fast atomic transport without vibrational heating

We use the dynamical invariants associated with the Hamiltonian of an atom in a one dimensional moving trap to inverse engineer the trap motion and perform fast atomic transport without final vibrational heating. The atom is driven non-adiabatically through a shortcut to the result of adiabatic, slow trap motion. For harmonic potentials this only requires designing appropriate trap trajectories, whereas perfect transport in anharmonic traps may be achieved by applying an extra field to compensate the forces in the rest frame of the trap. The results can be extended to atom stopping or launching. The limitations due to geometrical constraints, energies and accelerations involved are analyzed, as well as the relation to previous approaches (based on classical trajectories or "fast-forward" and "bang-bang" methods) which can be integrated in the invariant-based framework.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Social hate: the features of modern extremist

The article presents some specific characteristics of political extremist’s personality. The authors present that having deep psychological clashes extremists very often transfer it to the external world and design the destabilization of social and political life of separate countries and regions. As a result they provoke the conflicts and hostility in the relationships between state power and the people.В докладе раскрываются некоторые особенности личности политического экстремиста. Показано, что испытывая глубокие психологические коллизии, экстремисты очень часто переносят их во внешний мир, проектируя дестабилизацию общественно-политической жизни отдельных стран и регионов. И вносят конфликты и вражду во взаимоотношения государственной власти с населением