The impact of micronutrients on athletes’ vision: a retrospective analysis of revalent articles

The eyes, like other human organs, are deficient in nutrients during over-training, which can affect visual acuity and, accordingly, the quality of training.This article defines the importance of the organ of vision for sports results. It also provides an overview of the latest scientific research on the impact of biologically significant micronutrients on the functions of the visual analyzer with examples of products that help improve visual functions

Assessment of the Macro-and Microelement Composition of Fly Ash from 50-Year-Old Ash Dumps in the Middle Urals (Russia)

The paper considers the macro-and micro-element composition of two ash dumps in the Middle Urals, where meadow and forest communities have been spontaneously forming for 50 years, as well as the effect of the plants on the changing composition of the ash. Higher contents of Cu, Co, Sn, Ga, and Yb were found in the deep ash layers of both dumps, while in the upper 20-cm layer, the trace element composition depended on the influence of different plant communities. Higher contents of Sr, Cr, Ni, Sn, and Co were revealed under meadows, and Ba, Zr, and La were found under the forest. The levels of element accumulation in the aboveground and underground parts of dominant plants were revealed. Increased content of Be, Ce, Ga, La, Sc, Y, and Yb was detected in areas where meadow plants were dominant and Zn and Ba in forest areas. The toxic elements Cd and Pb were highly accumulated in both communities, whereas Co was found only in meadows. The studied materials can serve as a base to assess the feasibility of processing and/or utilizing fly ash from ash dumps in the Middle Urals and similar ash dumps in other regions situated in the southern taiga. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [project number 121031700309-1 in ISSA SB RAS and project number FEUZ-2021-0014 in URFU]

The impact of visual functions on athletes’ results and methods of their improvements

Regardless of the sport, maintaining and improvement of visual functions in athletes act an important role in achieving personal records.In this article, the interrelationships between sports results and the state of visual functions were determined, as well as devices and methods were analyzed, thanks to which it is possible to improve functions of the visual analyzer

New way of laparoscopic intracorporeal term-terminal invagination ileotransverse anastomosis

Background. Laparoscopic surgery becomes a standard treatment for many surgical diseases. Defects of a stapler laparoscopic mechanical suture during the formation of an anastomosis after hemicolectomy are detected in 18% of observed cases.Objective. Development, substantiate reproducibility and safety of a manual intracorporeal term-terminal invagination ileotransverse anastomosis method after performing the right laparoscopic hemicolectomy.Material and Methods. Authors presented a description of the technique and their own experience of performing laparoscopic hemicolectomy on the right with the formation of a manual original anastomosis in 10 patients with pathology of the right half of the colon. Eight patients (80.0%) had a malignant tumor of the right half of the colon, 1 patient (10.0%) showed multiple polyps of the cecum and the ascending part of the colon, 1 patient (10.0%) developed a cystic-solid submucosa tumor of the ileocecal angle. One patient had metastatic lung disease at the time of establishing diagnosis. The postoperative follow-up period was 7–18 months.Results. There were no conversions to open surgery. All operations (n = 10) were ended completely laparoscopically – right hemicolectomy with standard D2 lymph node dissection. In one patient, we revealed intraoperatively the spread of the tumor to the gallbladder, which required additional cholecystectomy. The duration of the operation was 122.5 ± 10.7 min.; median blood loss was 107 ± 5.2 ml. At the time of follow-up all patients are alive.Conclusion. The technique is universal in the surgical treatment of patients with various pathologies of the right half of the colon

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК Cu2ZnSnSe4 МЕТОДОМ АТОМНО-СИЛОВОЙ МИКРОСКОПИИ

In comparison to the traditional use of glass substrates, the thin films onto metal substrates offer improved device cooling, economical large-scale roll-to-roll processing, and applicability in lightweight, as well as flexible products. However, unlike glass, metal foils tend to exhibit rough surfaces. This article studies the substrate-type (Mo/glass and Мо-foil) effect on the topographic characteristics of the Cu2ZnSnSe4 films by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films were prepared by the electrodeposition of stack copper/tin/copper/zinc (Cu/Sn/Cu/Zn) precursors, followed by selenization. AFM wasused to study the topographic characteristics of thin films, including grain size, surface roughness, and maximum height of the profile. It is shown that the films obtained on Mo/glass and Mo-foil substrates have similar roughness and in the both cases the grain structure is formed. The Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films show relatively high surface roughness and maximum roughness profile height compared to Cu-Zn-Sn precursors. The increase in the surface roughness of the films was caused by the growth of grains during annealing and selenization processes.Методом атомно-силовой микроскопии исследовано влияние типа подложки на структуру и шероховатость поверхности пленок Cu2ZnSnSe4, полученных методом селенизации металлических прекурсоров Cu-Zn-Sn на подложках из стекла с подслоем молибдена и молибденовой фольги (Мо/стекло, Мо-фольга). Обнаружено, что пленки Cu2ZnSnSe4 на подложках Мо/стекло и Мо-фольга имеют близкие значения шероховатости и зернистую структуру. Пленки Cu2ZnSnSe4 имеют более высокие значения шероховатости и максимальной высоты неровности профиля, чем металлические прекурсоры Cu-Zn-Sn. Увеличение шероховатости при формировании пленок Cu2ZnSnSe4 из прекурсоров происходит за счет роста зерен в процессе отжига и селенизации

Measurements of the νμ\nu_{\mu} and νˉμ\bar{\nu}_{\mu}-induced Coherent Charged Pion Production Cross Sections on 12C^{12}C by the T2K experiment

We report an updated measurement of the $\nu_{\mu}$-induced, and the first measurement of the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced coherent charged pion production cross section on $^{12}C$ nuclei in the T2K experiment. This is measured in a restricted region of the final-state phase space for which $p_{\mu,\pi} > 0.2$ GeV, $\cos(\theta_{\mu}) > 0.8$ and $\cos(\theta_{\pi}) > 0.6$, and at a mean (anti)neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV using the T2K near detector. The measured $\nu_{\mu}$ CC coherent pion production flux-averaged cross section on $^{12}C$ is $(2.98 \pm 0.37 (stat.) \pm 0.31 (syst.) \substack{ +0.49 \\ -0.00 } \mathrm{ (Q^2\,model)}) \times 10^{-40}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}$. The new measurement of the $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$-induced cross section on $^{12}{C}$ is $(3.05 \pm 0.71 (stat.) \pm 0.39 (syst.) \substack{ +0.74 \\ -0.00 } \mathrm{(Q^2\,model)}) \times 10^{-40}~\mathrm{cm}^{2}$. The results are compatible with both the NEUT 5.4.0 Berger-Sehgal (2009) and GENIE 2.8.0 Rein-Sehgal (2007) model predictions

Measurements of the νμ and ν¯μ -induced coherent charged pion production cross sections on C12 by the T2K experiment

We report an updated measurement of the ν μ -induced, and the first measurement of the ¯ ν μ -induced coherent charged pion production cross section on 12 C nuclei in the Tokai-to-Kamioka experiment. This is measured in a restricted region of the final-state phase space for which p μ , π > 0.2     GeV , cos ( θ μ ) > 0.8 and cos ( θ π ) > 0.6 , and at a mean (anti)neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV using the T2K near detector. The measured ν μ charged current coherent pion production flux-averaged cross section on 12 C is ( 2.98 ± 0.37 ( stat ) ± 0.31 ( syst ) + 0.49 − 0.00 ( Q 2   model ) ) × 10 − 40     cm 2 . The new measurement of the ¯ ν μ -induced cross section on 12 C is ( 3.05 ± 0.71 ( stat ) ± 0.39 ( syst ) + 0.74 − 0.00 ( Q 2   model ) ) × 10 − 40     cm 2 . The results are compatible with both the NEUT 5.4.0 Berger-Sehgal (2009) and GENIE 2.8.0 Rein-Sehgal (2007) model predictions

Scintillator ageing of the T2K near detectors from 2010 to 2021

The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9–2.2% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation rate through to 2040 indicates the recorded light yield should remain above the lower threshold used by the current reconstruction algorithms for all subsystems. This will allow the near detectors to continue contributing to important physics measurements during the T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande eras. Additionally, work to disentangle the degradation of the plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting fibres shows that the reduction in light yield can be attributed to the ageing of the plastic scintillator. The long component of the attenuation length of the wavelength shifting fibres was observed to degrade by 1.3–5.4% per year, while the short component of the attenuation length did not show any conclusive degradation

Construction status and prospects of the Hyper-Kamiokande project

The Hyper-Kamiokande project is a 258-kton Water Cherenkov together with a 1.3-MW high-intensity neutrino beam from the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The inner detector with 186-kton fiducial volume is viewed by 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and multi-PMT modules, and thereby provides state-of-the-art of Cherenkov ring reconstruction with thresholds in the range of few MeVs. The project is expected to lead to precision neutrino oscillation studies, especially neutrino CP violation, nucleon decay searches, and low energy neutrino astronomy. In 2020, the project was officially approved and construction of the far detector was started at Kamioka. In 2021, the excavation of the access tunnel and initial mass production of the newly developed 20-inch PMTs was also started. In this paper, we present a basic overview of the project and the latest updates on the construction status of the project, which is expected to commence operation in 2027

Prospects for neutrino astrophysics with Hyper-Kamiokande

Hyper-Kamiokande is a multi-purpose next generation neutrino experiment. The detector is a two-layered cylindrical shape ultra-pure water tank, with its height of 64 m and diameter of 71 m. The inner detector will be surrounded by tens of thousands of twenty-inch photosensors and multi-PMT modules to detect water Cherenkov radiation due to the charged particles and provide our fiducial volume of 188 kt. This detection technique is established by Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande. As the successor of these experiments, Hyper-K will be located deep underground, 600 m below Mt. Tochibora at Kamioka in Japan to reduce cosmic-ray backgrounds. Besides our physics program with accelerator neutrino, atmospheric neutrino and proton decay, neutrino astrophysics is an important research topic for Hyper-K. With its fruitful physics research programs, Hyper-K will play a critical role in the next neutrino physics frontier. It will also provide important information via astrophysical neutrino measurements, i.e., solar neutrino, supernova burst neutrinos and supernova relic neutrino. Here, we will discuss the physics potential of Hyper-K neutrino astrophysics