Fungus diseases of crops on experimental plots at Rothamsted and Woburn 1931 (Take-all , Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.)

Survey of fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Wobur

Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1933-1934 (Take-all , Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.)

Survey of fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Wobur

Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1931-1932 (Take-all, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)

Survey of fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Wobur

Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1932-1933 (Take-all , Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.)

Survey of fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Wobur

Fungus Diseases in Crops at Rothamsted and Woburn. Observations on Fungous Diseases in Crops on Experimental Plots at Rothamsted and Woburn May-September 1930 (Take-all, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)

OBSERVATIONS ON FUNGOUS DISEASES IN CROPS ON EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN MAY-SEPTEMBER, 193

A phase I/II study of irinotecan when added to 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin and pelvic radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer: a Colorectal Clinical Oncology Group Study

The objective of this study was to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose of irinotecan administered as a 5-day schedule synchronously with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), leucovorin (LV) and preoperative pelvic radiation (45 Gy) for primary borderline/unresectable, locally advanced rectal cancer. The study used escalating doses of intravenous irinotecan (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 mg m−2) administered on days 1–5 and 29–33 followed by low dose LV (20 mg m−2) and 5FU (350 mg m−2 over 1 h) in sequential cohorts. Preoperative pelvic radiotherapy using a three- or four-field technique and megavoltage photons comprised 45 Gy given in 25 fractions, 1.8 Gy per fraction. Surgery in the form of mesorectal excision was performed 6–10 weeks later. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen was performed according to techniques of Quirke, and compared with clinical staging. A distance of 1 mm or less between the peripheral extent of the tumour and the radial resection margin defined an involved circumferential resection margin (CRM). The MTD was determined as the dose causing more than a third of patients to have a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) defined as specific grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Once the MTD was reached, a further 14 patients were treated at the dose level below the MTD. In total, 57 patients received irinotecan at the eight dose levels. The final cohort reached DLT after only four patients had been enrolled. The median age was 62 years (range 26–75), 37 male and 20 female subjects. The MTD of irinotecan in this schedule was 20 mg m−2 when three out of four patients experienced DLT. Dose limiting grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea was reported in seven out of 57 patients, three at the 20 mg m−2 dose level. Serious haematological toxicity (grade 3) was minimal and reported in only three patients; one grade 3 neutropaenia, one grade 4 neutropaenia and one grade 3 febrile neutropaenia and anaemia. Compliance was good with 93 and 89% of patients completing radiotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively. The remaining patients had only minor deviations from protocol therapy. Eight patients did not proceed to surgery, in six cases because they remained unresectable or had developed metastatic disease, one patient was unfit for surgery and one died as a result of complications from radiotherapy. Forty-nine patients underwent a potentially curative surgical resection. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen demonstrated pCR 12 out of 49 (24%) and 12 out of 57 (21%) overall. A histologically confirmed clear circumferential resection margin (CRM) was achieved in 39 out of 49 (80%) of those resected, and 39 out of 57 (68%) overall. In conclusion, MTD with this scheduled regimen of irinotecan is 20 mg m−2 (days 1–5 and 29–33). The acceptable toxicity and compliance at 18 mg m−2 recommend testing this dose in future phase III studies. The tumour downstaging and complete resection rates (negative CRM) are encouragingly high for this very locally advanced group

High throughput imaging cytometer with acoustic focussing

We demonstrate an imaging flow cytometer that uses acoustic levitation to assemble cells and other particles into a sheet structure. This technique enables a high resolution, low noise CMOS camera to capture images of thousands of cells with each frame. While ultrasonic focussing has previously been demonstrated for 1D cytometry systems, extending the technology to a planar, much higher throughput format and integrating imaging is non-trivial, and represents a significant jump forward in capability, leading to diagnostic possibilities not achievable with current systems. A galvo mirror is used to track the images of the moving cells permitting exposure times of 10 ms at frame rates of 50 fps with motion blur of only a few pixels. At 80 fps, we demonstrate a throughput of 208 000 beads per second. We investigate the factors affecting motion blur and throughput, and demonstrate the system with fluorescent beads, leukaemia cells and a chondrocyte cell line. Cells require more time to reach the acoustic focus than beads, resulting in lower throughputs; however a longer device would remove this constraint

A micro electromagnetic generator for vibration energy harvesting

Vibration energy harvesting is receiving a considerable amount of interest as a means for powering wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents a small (component volume 0.1 cm3, practical volume 0.15 cm3) electromagnetic generator utilizing discrete components and optimized for a low ambient vibration level based upon real application data. The generator uses four magnets arranged on an etched cantilever with a wound coil located within the moving magnetic field. Magnet size and coil properties were optimized, with the final device producing 46 µW in a resistive load of 4 k? from just 0.59 m s-2 acceleration levels at its resonant frequency of 52 Hz. A voltage of 428 mVrms was obtained from the generator with a 2300 turn coil which has proved sufficient for subsequent rectification and voltage step-up circuitry. The generator delivers 30% of the power supplied from the environment to useful electrical power in the load. This generator compares very favourably with other demonstrated examples in the literature, both in terms of normalized power density and efficiency

Initial Results from the Royal College of Radiologists' UK National Audit of Anal Cancer Radiotherapy 2015

Aims: UK guidance was recently developed for the treatment of anal cancer using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). We audited the current use of radiotherapy in UK cancer centres for the treatment of anal cancer against such guidance. We describe the acute toxicity of IMRT in comparison with patient population in the audit treated with two-phase conformal radiotherapy and the previous published data from two-phase conformal radiotherapy, in the UK ACT2 trial. Materials and methods: A Royal College of Radiologists' prospective national audit of patients treated with radiotherapy in UK cancer centres was carried out over a 6 month period between February and July 2015. Results: Two hundred and forty-two cases were received from 40/56 cancer centres (71%). In total, 231 (95%) underwent full dose radiotherapy with prophylactic nodal irradiation. Of these, 180 (78%) received IMRT or equivalent, 52 (22%) two-phase conformal (ACT2) technique. The number of interruptions in radiotherapy treatment in the ACT2 trial was 15%. Interruptions were noted in 7% (95% confidence interval 0–14%) of courses receiving two-phase conformal and 4% (95% confidence interval 1–7%) of those receiving IMRT. The percentage of patients completing the planned radiotherapy dose, irrelevant of gaps, was 90% (95% confidence interval 82–98%) and 96% (95% confidence interval 93–99%), in two-phase conformal and IMRT respectively. The toxicity reported in the ACT2 trial, in patients receiving two-phase conformal in the audit and in patients receiving IMRT in the audit was: any toxic effect 71%, 54%, 48%, non-haematological 62%, 49%, 40% and haematological 26%, 13%, 18%, respectively. Conclusions: IMRT implementation for anal cancer is well underway in the UK with most patients receiving IMRT delivery, although its usage is not yet universal. This audit confirms that IMRT results in reduced acute toxicity and minimised treatment interruptions in comparison with previous two-phase conformal techniques