Survey of fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Wobur

Glynne, M. D.

English

Rothamsted Repository

SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1934)Report for 1933 pp 1Thank you for using eradoc, a platform to publish electronic copies of the Rothamsted Documents. Your requesteddocument has been scanned from original documents. If you find this document is not readible, or you suspect thereare some problems, please let us know and we will correct that.Report for 1933Full Table of ContentSurvey of Fungus Diseases at Rothamsted and WoburnSurvey of Fungus Diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn (1934) Report For 1933, pp 54 - 56 - DOI:https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-3- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.T1WOBURNThe {arm at Woburn was inspected on June l6th, but no seriousinsect damage was seen.FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN,1932-33Il{ary D. GTYNNTWHEATMildew (Erysiphc graminisDC.) was slight by July on most of thewheat crops uader observation. It was moderate on some plots ofBroadbalk and on the \lVoburn Six Course Rotation, and varied fromabsent to plentiful or rlifferent parts of the Six Course Rotation onLong Hoos and the Commercial Wleat on Fosters.Whiteheatls (Take-All) (Ophiobolus gruninrs Sacc.) uas Iound onwbeat grolvn continuously or in altemate years on the same land, andwa^s much more plentiful on the light land at Woburn than on theheavier lard at Rothamsted. On wheat grown altemately with greenmanure on Stackyard and Lansome fields at Woburn the disease wasmoderate, reaching a maximum of about 13 per cent. plants infected.On certain plots oI the Continuous Wheat, Stackyard field, as manyas 43 per cent. of the plants were infected at harvest. Plots with ahigh soil acidity (pH below 5) were practically free from the disease,A detailed survey carried out since l93l showed an increase il per-centage diseased plants from I93l to 1932 on all plots alfected bythe disease. In the following )ear there was an increase in inlectiorrin all plots numbering seven which, in 1932 had less ttlan 35 per cent.infected aud a decrease in infection in the seven plots which had 35per cent. or more of their plants infected in 1S32. The significance ofthis obsen'ation is not yet clear.Loose Smut. (Uslilago Tritici (Pers.) Jens.) was rare except oncertain blocks of the Precision \tleat on Larsome field at Woburn.Brown Rust (Puccbtia hiticina Er*ss.) was slight in July onmost of the Wheat and was moderate on ti'e Commercia.l Wheat onFosters {ield and the Cultivation experiment on Pastures.Yellon, Rust (Puccinia ghtmarum (Schm.) Erilss. and Henn.)apg:ared in June and varied from slight and moderate to plentifulat Rothamsted, while at Wobum it was never more than slight.Foot Rot (Fusariurz sp.) was occasional on Broadbalk, slight onthe dternate Wheat and Green Manure expriment on Stacky'aid anda little_more plentiful on tle Green Manruing experiment on i-ansomefield, Woburn-. Leaf Spot (Septotia Ttitici Desm.) of little if any economicimportance, was Iould occasionally.OATs\fi1dew (Erysiphe gramirisDC.\ was getrcrally slight except on theForage oats growrl on Pastures field, where it was plentiftil._- leaf Spot (Hebniathosporium Aoenae (Bi. and Cav.) Eid.) wasslight on all oat crops grown at Rothamsted. None was gro*n atWobum.BARLEYM dew (Erysifhe graminis DC.l varied from slight to plentifulon differen{ crops at Rothamsted, and was rare at Wobum.-SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1934)Report for 1933 pp 255Whiteheads (Take-All) (Olhbbol*s gzazrzis - Sacc') is mo-recommon on wheai than on'bail6y, on whicl it was found only on tbeiontinuous Barlev experiment oir Stackvard field, Wobum A detail-ed survev showed a variation in different plots of from 0to 15 Per cent'plants iifected. As in the case of u'heat, littlc or no disease aPPearedin plots with a high soil acidity (pH below 5).Net Blotch lPvtenobhoru lezss [Died.) Drechsl.) varied from rareto mod.erate at R;tha;sted, and was not recorded at Wobum' Iniil;;*di"* vear it was much more common and rvas found on allthe Larley cr-ois, beirg plentiful in several of them'Brornrr Rust (Puccinia anomala P.ostrr.\ r'aried from slight tomoderate at Rothamsted and was slight at Wobum'I-eaf Stripe (Heluinlhosbmium gramineum Raberrh ) was foundon all the bdrlev crops, and varied {rom s[ght to moderate at Rot-hamsted and slisht tb ptcnti{ul at \ -obum. There rras more on theSi* to"r." Rotition it wobum than at Rotlamsted. Infection"ecmerl to be mostlv secondary, and did not kill the plants'--- i"ut Stot"l (Iihyachospiiun Secal's (Oud.) Davis),, u hi.ch. isusually lound. on leviral of'the barley croPs, could not be found thisyeat.R]'E--- 1-*o R.:st (Pucci*ia secalina Grove\-. -Occasional slots. ofBrown Rust were iormd at Wobum on the Six Course Rotation, butnone at Rothamsted.--- i""t ntot.n (Rhtnchoslori*m Sacalis (Oud ) Davis) wls moderateo" *" -ixed ruiiU ""tchion the Six Couise R6tation at Rotbamstedand-Woburn.GRASSES--Ets"t (Cladcels iur? lca (Fr.) Tul.)' None could be found'th";;f, ii i"d bd ci,mriron in ihe previdus season on a number offriJfi"ltt"i t"ti i" ripen between fields and on the edge of plots'GRAss Prrrs---Ci"ii tfo;rU"c tvbhina (Fr.) Tul.), which was forurd chiefly onAorostis and much ieis on Dactylis glomerata, apPeared to haveie"mained tairlv constant over tle four years in which eye estimationsiii;iiioi;inaoa3, "*""pi tu"t aftei ttre addition oi Iime in tg3ziii; ;;; d;r;;'in tlisi:ase from slisht to absent in the least acid;l"i;. A. before. the d'isease was mosiplentifuI on plots qhigh fadI;;;J-A;#"- Sulphate, and wis less on those whicb had;;;;i"a lim". The dise& was plentifut onlv on fairly 19ta pl:t'i"tt s.S or less). Agrostis was also most plentiful on these plots l heifi;; ** ; mairv instances attackerd by the larva of a smalldtpieron Attlwmyit-sprcla, Meig., which lays ils eggs on the sudaceof the lunsus stroma."^ t;;;;;;;ny grown in Iorage mixtures and was unusuallyfree {rom disease." --fio*"u ftfin"* (Paeaast'ora TiJoliorum de Bary) was slight onI-ansome -field, Wobum.BRoAD BEANS-- 6lo"-of.i" Spol (Bacillrts Lathyi Mants qld Taubenh') wasplentiful on Little Hoos, and moderate on Long Hoos'SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1934)Report for 1933 pp 3, .,,GreJ Mould ,Urr.r* .r.r.rf-prentifur in Juty on both fields,k -l,tng tllc,leaves, so th_at by mid-July about 20 per ir:nt. of the plantson t-ong Hoos appeared dead.Ru:t. (Uromyces Fabac lPers.l de Bary) was very slight.Porarors(Variety .{llv.) All the potatoes appeared healthy in June antlJuly. At Rothannsted the trips, h:wevii, died;*ly;iGfit;r.;;;to the drv seasonStemtanker (Corticium Solani Bourd.. and Galz.) was moderateon Butt Furlong in the Six Course Rotation at Wobrr."_-,,, BF:k I.q (Bacillus -phyta_phtholrs Appet) was rare; only oneattected plant was found at Woburn.Suc.qn BnrrOn the whole verv healthv-.Btack I*g. A litile was f'ound on pastures Field,, Rothamsted,and on Larsome field, Woburn.MeNcorns. Black-I-eg. Early in June blackened main roots were detectedln some ol the youlg seedlings.rllosaic (possibly Vinrs). -A leaf Mosaic was verv common on themature crop and varied in incidence from 3 to i0 rxr-cent. on dlttererliplots. It was clcar that the disease had sprdad f-; ;".t;;"-;;in[ection, advancing apparenfl y indexndenilv of ;;;;i' ;;.i:ment trom one plot to the next. In generai ttre Dlots reccivinsnrtrogen were much more affected than those without, but rhere $.ilittle llosaic on the dunged plot next to tt. "o-"itroe"n .iri;. ir;Ience rs rnconclusive as to how far the distribution oJ tbe Mosaic i.fortuitous.Swrors. -B-row1-- _Rot (Physiological or Bacterial). T e crop aDDearednealtnv-tl[ the auturnn, whcn it was found ttrat about 50 pei cent.were aflected by iritemal broruring.FARII{ REPORT, 1933^ Wealhq. -The outstanding feature of the year October. lg32- toseptember, 1933, was the abnormally hor aird drv weather. ih;total rain-faLl was only 22.4g inches, comp rred .ritf, if," -gO_""".average ot 28.70 inches. The two periods in which the drouehts iveremost severe were the three winter months November. Deceirber andJanuary, when only 4.488 inches fell as against if," ,".r.e" ,ii.id0rncnes; and the lrve summer months April to August, i.r,hen onlV5.629 inches felt, less than half tbe 80_yeai average ;iij.OUlrJ"J.This.seriousty affected the growth of lite sprinel";r-;e;i';;;.ucto.ber,.wrur 4.842 inches, was l.ZgB inihes-above the ave"rase.ma{lng the condltions very unfavourable for root_tifting. The breikrn rne orglght tn September helped the kale croD and ihe srasslandconslderabty, but the rain was too late to help the root cropsi,, The total sunshine for the year, l,gl2 hours, was 255 hours abovethe 4lr-year average, and of this excess, the four months [une toseptember_ ,'relded 170 hours. March gave the biesest ionthlvrncrease ot Eo hours. The only months showing a deiiease of morirnan + hours were November and May with Ig and 84 hous deficit,respectiyely.SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1934)Report for 1933 pp 4

Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1932-1933 (Take-all , Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.)

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Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1932-1933 (Take-all , Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.)

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