Survey of fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Wobur

Glynne, M. D.

English

Rothamsted Repository

SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1933)Rothamsted Report for 1932 pp 1Thank you for using eradoc, a platform to publish electronic copies of the Rothamsted Documents. Your requesteddocument has been scanned from original documents. If you find this document is not readible, or you suspect thereare some problems, please let us know and we will correct that.Rothamsted Report for 1932Full Table of ContentSurvey of Fungus Diseases at Rothamsted and WoburnSurvey of Fungus Diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn (1933) Rothamsted Report For 1932, pp 52 - 55 - DOI:https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-64- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.t,Clooer. T\e clwet it the pot cultures of soil taken from Stack,'arilseries D was examined in Jue. Four varieties, Dutch White, Alsike,Broad Red and Crimson, were sown in Spring 1931 ; in June, 1932,all but the Crimson showed signs of considerable ill health and amicroscopic examination showed an eelworm to be present. Theidentity oI tle eelworm was conlirmed by Dr. Goodey to beAttguilJuJina (I:yknchus) dipsaci lIr0hn.LANsorG FTELD. No insect rlamage was noted on the precisionwheat experiment ; the Brussel Sprouts were badly eaten by hares ;Diamond Back Moth was cornmon on the mustard during Juae ; noflea beetles were seen.Burr CLosE. The sugar-be€t, apart from occasional leal miner(P. hyoscyamil was unattacked. I-ater, in July, quite large ptantswere'broken off ttrrough the tap root at ground level and left. Theagent was trot certainly idmtified but pheasants were suspected.Kale was attacked slightly in the cotyledon stage during the end ofJune. No loss of plart occuEed ; at that Pedod of the year the attackis ceasing natuaUy.WARREN FTELD. The beans suffered severely, as at Rothamsted,during the winter months, a strip along the road being very noticeablyalfect;d. Rodents (mice or rats) were probably responsible. Sirorralincota lnLs afso ptesent but did no damage ; the larvae were plentifuion the roots at the end of June.FT'NGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN,l93I-32MARY D. GLYNNEWHEATMrtdew (Erysifiht graw:nis DC.) was plentiful on the ToP DressingExperimerit, Foiteri field ; elsewhere onJy slight. At Wobum it wasalso stight and on the Six Course Rotation Experiment on Stackyardmuch less than last year.Whitehea<ls (Take-Alll (Ofhiobolus gramizfu Sacc.) was, as before,infrequent except on wheat grown coDtiluously or itr alteEate yearson thl same lan,l. It was slight on Broadbalk, Rottramsted, and onthe Alternate Wheat and Green Mauure ExPeriment on Lansomefield Woburn, but was very abundant on certair plots of the Con-tinuous \[heat on Stackyard field Wobum, the variations from PIotto plot, as recorded by the detailed survey, being much the same ashsl year. High soil acidity, (pH below 5) aLnost etiminated it.Loo6e Smut (Uslilago Tlithi (Pen.) Jers.) Brown R'lrst, (Puccittictriticha EnU,ss.j, and Foot Rot, (Fusaium sf.) were occasionallyformd in slight amount, and Leaf Spot (Sefkria lritici Desm.) wasfound on most of the wheat crops, but its incidence was slight.Yellow Rust (Pucchtia glumarum (Schm.) Erilss. and Henn') wasir seneral slight though plentiful on some plots on Broadbalk, onthJTop Dressing Experiment on Fosters field, on Long Hoos Wheatafter Timporary- ley, and the Precision experiment, where, as lastvear it wai mori abirndant on Square HeadiMaster than on YeoinaniI. It *"r much less plentiful tt Wobum than at Rothamsted.SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1933)Rothamsted Report for 1932 pp 2OATSMidew (Erysifhc gramhis DC.l was on the whole slight exceptin patches under trees in particular on Butt Furlong at Woburn.Loose Smut (Uslilago Ave*ae (Pers.) Jens.) was only occasionalon the variety Uaique. Rather more w.!s found on the varietyMarvellous.Cronn Rust lPuc+inia LoliiNiels.) was uncommon, but was formd.on the Forage oats on Great Knott at Rotlamsted.I.,eaf SWt (Helminlhosporium Avonc (Bi. and Caw.) Eid.) wasmoderate on Little Hoos, Commercial oats in lanuarv and Februarv.This crop wa-s then ploughed in and .u-soo'n riith Spfire Oats, whi;hlater showed only slight attack. It was stight to niode;ate on other.oats, becoming rather plentiful on Broadbatk Spring self-sown oats inJ,rly.BARIJYMndey (Erysifhe graminis DC.\ was in general slight except on'certa.in plots in the Top Dressing Experiment on Fosters field where.it was plmtiful.Whiteheads (Take-AX) (Ofhiobolus gzcrzrzis Sacc.) is less€omnon on barley than on wheat. beins found onlv on the Cotr-.tinuous barley on Stackyard. f ield Wobirn . The d-etailed. surveyshowed that the percentage of barley plants affected was considerablvless than of wheat, but-the critiiai pH below which little or n6disease appeared was, as for wheat, atirut S.__ N_et Plotch (Pyrenophora ,rrs (Died.) Drechsl.) rras presetrt in4l the barley crops, varying from slight to plentiful. -On HoosIield Continuous barley, the attack was consisiently less severe on'Spratt-Archer than on Plumage-Arcber and when ajo{ten happened€very plant was iafected the affected areas were Iewer and imalleron Spratt-Archer than on Plumage-Archer.Brown Rust (Purchia atomal.a Rostt.\ was fairly common,varying from slight to plentiful on different plots.Leaf Stripe (Helmhtthosporitm gramitteum Rabenh.) was absenton some, slight on other crops including the Continuois barlev at.Woburn, but was cornmon on the Contiiruous barley on Hoos iield,Rolhamsted, where il most plots Plumage-Archer was more badlyaffected than Spratt-Archer.Leaf Btotch (Rhyaclasporium Saca&s (Oud.) Davis) was morethan slght only in the Six Course Rotation on Stackyard fieldWoburn, where it was moderate. It \f,as very infrequenf or absenton some of the crops, including Fosters, on the Commercial barley inLong Hoos and Great Knott at Rotha.rnsted and on Butt Close atWobum.RvEStripe-Smut (Uroclstis occulla (Wa,b.l Rabenh.) ra_s occasionalon Long Hoos Six Course Rotation._ Brown Rust (Putcinia secalina Grove) was slight to moderate onLong Hoos Six Course Rotation.Iraf Blotch (Rryrt hoslorium Setalis (Oud.) Davis) was moderateon the Rye mixed with vetches and beans on the Six Course Rotationat Rothamsted and on Stackyard field, Woburn.6tSURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1933)Rothamsted Report for 1932 pp 36lGnrssrsDrgot (Cl.atriccls ?w|alea (Fr.) Tul.) was common on a numberof grasses which were not cut, but allowed to ripen at the edge of thegrass plots and betrreen Fosters and Great Knott. It was formd onDactylis glcmerata, on Ryegrass, and several other varieties.Gness ProrsChoke (ElicN.oe tylhiac (Fr. )Tul.) was found chiefly on Agostis,but also to a less extent on Dactylis glomerata. Eye estimationsshowed as before that liming decreased and ammonium sulphateincreased the disease. Plots ll-l and ll-2 (treble ammoniumsalts), however, contain Agrostis only at the edge, and this wasattacked by the disease. A comparison of plots 5-l with 5-2,? with 8 and I u,ith l0 showed rather more Epichloe apparent inplots 5-2 a.nd ? which receive potash than 5-1 and 8 which receivesimilar treatments without potash, on the otler hand, ir plot 9,which receives potash there appeared to be rather less disease thanin l0 which does not. The evidence appears rather inconclusive as tou'hether potash deficiency is a predisposing cause for this disease.A more accurate method for assessing the amomt of disease Presentis desirable. How far the manurial effect on the disease depends onthe distribution of Agrostis is doubttul.CrolznDowny Mildew (Pererusfora TiJoliorum de Bary) was plentifuIin May and June ou the Alsike Clover on Stackyard field Wobum.It appeared to harre decreased somewhat by July.F.ot (Scbrotiria Trifoliorum Erikss.) was observed ia Januaqron the Six Course Rotation Experimant on I-ong Hoos Field makingbare patches and growing as a white mycelium over soil and overplants. The disease was checked by cold weattrer in February butbare patches remained. It was also found in Fosters Forage a.udTemporary ley experiments.I-eaf Spot (Pseudofeziza Tri.folii (Biv.-Br;r:l'.) Fuck.) was com-monly lourrd though its incidence was slight in January and Februaryon the old leaves, but the new leaves formed in the spring remaiaedfree from this disease until harvest.Bnoeo BrexsChocolate Spt (Bacillus Lathgri Mauts and Taubenh.) wasslight in March but plentiful in July. It tv.Ls more cortmon onWarren fi eld Woburn than on Pastures field Rotbarnsted, throughoutthe season. In Juiy the attack in Warren Field was very sevete,practically every leaf of every plaat being affected, while on Pasturesfield, it was patchy varying from moderate to plentiful, though mostplants were affected.Grey Mould (Botrytis sp.) was slight to moderate on Warren fieldWobum, as early as January. In mid-July it \ras very plentiful,most plants being inlected and about 5O per cent. badly alfected. Itwas consistently less in Pastures field Rothamsted, though by Julyit was plenti{ul.PoratoEsIraf Roll (Virus) was found occasionally.Blackleg (Barillus phl,tophtlwus Appel) \vas slight in Hoos, LoflgSURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1933)Rothamsted Report for 1932 pp 416Hoos and Great Harpenden and rnoderate in Great Knott. Itwasnotfound on Stackyard field, Wobum.Bhght (Phtio|hthota h{estans (Mont.) de Bary) appeared. inlate July, mostly on Great Knott where it wa; moderate ln quantlty.Ste; Canke; (Conicium Solcnd Bourd. and Galz.) was slight atRothamsted and moderate on Stacky'ard field, Wobum.TURNIPSFinger and Toe (Pla-smodioflara Brassi+ae Worot.\- There was avery bid attack in fudell field on the riety Bruce (regarded asresistant).' FARM DIRECTOR'S REPORT, 1932.WeatherLike the previous season, the year October, 1931. to SePtember,1932, wa-s dislnctly favourable foi farm crops and grass. Ttre rainfallwas well distributed, while the summer was marked by hot sunnyspells. Severe Irost during the winter was practically_ absent,aithough there were several periods with light frost. The onllappreciable amount of snow fell in the last week of December, butquickly disappeared.- Ociober vrith only 0.66 inches of rain was 2.t13 bches belowthe 79 year averate ; mangold carting lrom Barn Field was completeduniler unusually favourable conditions ; there was no mud and thusthe field escaped the usual cutting uP witl ruts. Despite this dryspell, it was more difrcult to obtain good autumn seecl-beds onaccount of the previous moist summer and wet harvest.Root-lifting was finished before the weather broke in November'The rainfall of the next three months was all below the 79-yearaverage, February being practicatly dry, *iih only 0.21 inches-This facilitated spiing woiliafter which numerous showers encourageda good germination. May was unusuaUy wet with 4.27 inches,"oipa.et with the avera{e of 2.15 inches, which encouraged thegrars, but also led to the leaching of some of our nitrogenoras toPdressings. June bad only 0.85 inches and there was a heat-waveat the -end of the month and early in July, but well distributedshowers kept the grass from becoming burnt uP. For- bot},r_ hay-making and harvesithe weather was highly favourable and conditionsrernained reasonably dry up to the end of the farm year. The rainfallfor the 12 months -was' only 23.55 inches, 5.22 inches below the?9 years' average, yet tiere was never any fear of tlrought.The surrshine for the year, 1,i()6 hours, was 173 hours belowthe average. This de{icit 6ccurred chiefly in April, May, July andSeptembei. The only month with .ul excess of over 12 hours wasMarch with 144 hours (an excess of 28).The mear temperature for the season Practically coincided withthe 54 years'average of 48oF. The winter molths and August werewarmei than usual, while all months Irom February to May wereconsistently below their averages. March was cold, with easterlywinds, and this withered up ihe pastures and everything at alltreen.- For other weather features, see the Sraph of deviations fromaverage values (p. 66).Cilt "C, l$f-32 (For dates, yielG and other ilforrnation,see pp. l0&Il4).This year it was the tum of Great Harpenden to receive dungSURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1933)Rothamsted Report for 1932 pp 5

Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1931-1932  (Take-all, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)

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Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1931-1932 (Take-all, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)

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