Survey of fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Wobur

Glynne, M. D.

English

Rothamsted Repository

SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1935)Report for 1934 pp 1Thank you for using eradoc, a platform to publish electronic copies of the Rothamsted Documents. Your requesteddocument has been scanned from original documents. If you find this document is not readible, or you suspect thereare some problems, please let us know and we will correct that.Report for 1934Full Table of ContentSurvey of Fungus Diseases at Rothamsted and WoburnSurvey of Fungus Diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn (1935) Report For 1934, pp 73 - 77 - DOI:https://doi.org/10.23637/ERADOC-1-66- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.7gOat crops on Pastures field were in 1929, recorded as " winterkilled," and again iu 1931, wben four acres Dear tle road yiekled14 cwt. per acre.I,NG Hoosl lud- Wireworm attack vas genenlly observed on tlre wintersown cereals. The stem sawfly \Ceph*s fygmacus L.) was observedovipoeiting in early Jr]J.e. Ba ey on tdre Three{ourse Rotatron wasatticked Ly wireworm, that oh ttre Six-Couse Rotation less thanelsewhere on the farm. The Barley flea-beetle (Phyllaheta ttifrttbRedt.) was generally present, but did not cause aPpreciable daruage.Frit flv and sout flv attacks were not serious.Suiar Bia suff;red little from insect attack. Some damage byPlcariscelis concinra Mash, and by Springtails occurred on LorcHoos I. The Dacns on the same section were severely attacked bythe pea and bean weevil lSil.ona lincata L.). On tle /cr ttte Flea-W+ie (Ailhont aQlaftiac Schr.) was found but numbers were tooscrall to cause da.mage.FosmnsOne sowirg oI hak wx destroyed by Flea-beetles in early Yly:the second soGng (May l0th) escaped. Later, in early June the thirdsowing and the resowa first plot were subject to a ftesh attack.GREAT HARPENDENRooks destroyed the first sowing of beans in the north-east ofthe {ield.WOBURNSrecrvenoBcrl.cl wts attacked by gout fly. Slight damage to Sugar be4was cauied bv wireworm, Pipy tr{angold beetle and Mangold flylPegonyia hy-oscyami Panz.). Odd plants were eaten off by rodents.Mangold fly was also present in Butt Close.LANsoMBMaize *ltered from frit fly attackitrg the tillers, as many astwmtv larvae occurrine on one Dlant. Some flea-beefle darnageoccuried on the crucifeious crops and lhe socdcs were attacked byortworms.FI'NGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN,1933-34Uenv D. GrvxlrrWmATTake-a\ (Ophiobolus graminis Sacc.l was rare. It is generally foundon the Continuous wheat and barley exPeriments on Stackyard field,Woburn, but this season these were fallow.Foot Rot (naiualy F*arium cuJttpntm (W.G.Sn.) Sacc.) wasfound scattered as occasional " whiteheads " through several cmpsat Rothamsted, there being more on Broadba.lk tha.n on other Iields-At Wobum it was plentiful on the " Precision " and on tie " Nitro-genous Manure " eiperiments on Butt Furlong Iield, dead heads anditunted plants being common. Similar symptoms had been apparentin barley grown in the same field in 1929 when patches of sturtedbarley weie associated with the presence ol Fusadum sp. on tleunderground parts.SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1935)Report for 1934 pp 274Yellow Rust (Puecinh glumarum (Schm.) Erikss. and Henn) urasvery rare in the hot dry sunmer oI 1934. In normal years it appearsin June and by July is found oB most of the wheat crops, its iacidencevarying Irom slight to plentiful. In 1934, however, none was foundbefore July ; it was never more than slight on arry crop at Rothamstedor Wobum ; in some plots only one affected leaf and in nany notrace of the disease was formd.Brown Rust (Purciriz tritiriru E;ikss.) which in most years isslight in July, was not found at all.Mildew (Erysiphc gramitr's DC.) was much mole abundant ttranusual. It appeared in Jure, and by July, though still slight in someplots, was generally plentiful. An eye estimation of its incidence onBroadbalk showed a tendency Ior the disease to increase witi thesupply oI nitrogenous marure. Differences in ttre amount of diseasenoticed in the strips fallowed in dillerent years may have been dueto their position in the field, or to the effect of Iallowing. Miltlewappeared rather more plentiful at Wobum.Loose Smut (Ustilago Tritici (Pers.) Rostr.) was found, butwas uncornmon at Rothamsted and at Wobum.OersWere grown only on PasturesLeaf Spot (Hdmbtthos[oriutttincidence.field at Rothamsted.Aaenae Eid..\ was moderate inMlldew (Erysi{hc gramiris DC.\ varied from dight to plentitulin different parts of t}re crop.BenrryLeaf Stripe (Helminfhosporium grambu*m Rabenh.) was scarceand only secondary infections were found.Net Blotch (Pjnetopbra &ras Drechsl.) was very lmcommon.The scarcity oI these two diseases was notewortby as they havebeen considerably more plmtifirl in other yeans.Leaf Blotch (Rhynchosflorium Sccalrs (Oud. ) Davis)was not foundin 1933 or in 1934 though it has been fairlycommon in previous years.Mildew (Erysiphz graminis DC.) lras moderate in quantity onmost of the barley crops.Deliciercy Symptons. All plots which receive no pbospbate in theContiruous Barley experiment on Hoos field showed strikingslmptoms of phosphate deficiency in the middle of May. Alfectedplots were readily distinguished at a distance from the others by theirpaler colour. The leaves were found to be withered at the tips withred colouration in the lower parts of the plants. After about six weeksne$' young leaves had grown and the signs oI deficiency were uolonger obvious.RvrBrown Rust. (Puccbia secalina Grove) was found at Wobumin mid-July, its incidence being slight.Mlldew (Erysi!tu grcmitois DC.\ was moderate to plentiful atRotharnsted and Wobum.GRAssEsBlack Stem Rust (P*tinit gratittis Pers.) was formd in theautumtr on wild grasses present alr weeds amoag 16s rhanSolds onBarnfield-SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1935)Report for 1934 pp 375Choke (Efuhloe tfihina (Fr.) Tul.) varied in its distribution lromplot to plot in much the same way as last year. It appeared, as itusually does, mostly ot Agroslis and. to a less exteut ot DacUisglanteloaa. There was rathe; more on the latter host than in theprevious year. The disease was most plentiful on plots which hadreceived a.rnmonium sulphate and were fairly acid, and was less onthose treated with lime. Agrostis was also most plentiful on theseplots. There appeared to be a slight increase compared with tleprevious season in the incidence of the disease on ttre unlimed partsof plots 8 and 15 and on ttre lightly limed parts of plots 19 anit 20.Eggs and larvae of the dipteron AnJhoriyia sprcla, Meig-, were, asusual, found on the fungal stroma.CLovERRot, (Sclzroti*ia Tifoliorum Erikss.) Bare patches and deadplants were present both at Rothamsted and Woburn early in thes€ason but the fuagus was not obvious till the autumn when severeattacks were noted in Pastures field Rothamsted, and on Series D onStackyard field, Wobum. Late in the autumn it was also commonon the six-course rotation experiments at both stations.Downy Mildew (Perotasporu Trifoliorum de Bary) rvas generallymoderate and was ptentiful on Alsike clover in the six-course rotationand in Series D, Stackyard field, Woburn.LUCERI\EDowny Mildew (Perc oslo/a TriJoliorum de Bary) was foundrarely on the excellent crop on I-ansome field, Woburn.Bnoeo BrerqsThis crop was gro\f,'n onlv at Rotharnsted on Great Harpenden,I-ong Hoos and Little Hoos fields.Chocolate Spot could not be found and Grey Mottld. (Botrytiscizazec Pers. ) was uncommon contrasting with the previous year whenbotlt these diseases were plentiful.PoTAToESAppeared on the whole heaithy though a little virus was seenat Rothamsted and rather more at Wobum.Blackleg (Bacillus phytophtharus Appel.) was found but rarelyat Wobum.Blighl (Phyto{krhofa infestans (Mont.) de Bary) occurred on thefoliage in early October appearing to be slight at Woburn aDd moder-ate in incidence at Rothamsted.Early Blight (Alteruario Solani, (E and M) Sorauer, emend.Jones and Grout) was abundant on the leaves which were stillgreen in earlv October both at RothaEsted and Wobum. This hasnot been observed in previous years.SUGAR BEETBlackJeg (Phona Bctaz (O,rd.\ Frank or Pythi*m sp.) ura-s fairlycommon on seedlings at Rottramsted and at Wobura in May.Crown Gall (probably Badcrium lumefacictts E.F. Sm. and Towns.)was well developed on a few roots at Rothamsted.Rlst (Uroqlccs Btue pers.l Tul.) was slight to moderate onmost crop6 alrd rather plentiful in parts of I-qrg Hooe manurial€xperiment.SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1935)Report for 1934 pp 476Iral Spot (Ccrcos|ora bdicola Srcc.\ appeared oa occasionalpla.nts.Leaf Scorch aasociated wiitr Altenarh &znrs Nees was mod-crately plentiful.MANGoLDSBlac&eg lPhonu Betac (Ottd.l Fratk or Pythium sp.) was foundoccasiona.lly on seedlings in Bamfield in May.R:ust (IJrcmyces Betae (Pers.l Tul.) varied from slight to fairlyplentiful in different plots.' Downy Mi'ldew (Peronoslora Schachtii Fuck.) was found on oneor two plants on Long Hoos.Ie$Spot (C erco s por a beticol aSacc.) appeared on occasional plants.Leaf Scorch associated with Altcrnaria lenur's Nees varied fronabsent to moderate on diflerent plots in Barniield.Mosaic was very scarce, only about fifteen affected plants beingfound in the whole {ietd of 8 acres. This alforded a great contraitto the previous season when t}le percentage of diseased plantsvaried from 3 to 70 per cent. in diflerent Plots, having obviouslysDread lrom crntres of infection. The difference in incidence of thed,isease in the two seasons probably depended on weattrer conditionswhich in the hot dry seasou of 1934 were unfavourable to thedevelopment of the ins€ct vectors, the cbief agents in sFeadilg thcdisease.Dqicieny SyrnllornsA type oI scorch @inning with a black spottbg o{ the leavcafollowed by a dark brown to black scorching of the edges was veryplentiful on certaia plots and abs€nt from others in Bamfield atRothamsted by October, an eye estioation indicating tlat in thebady afiected plots more than half the plants were affected. Micro-scopic examination showed no sigus of fungal or bacterial parasites.A survey showed that ttle syEPtoms were most marked where potashwas de{icient and nitrogen plentiful in t}e manurial applications,and that their distribution in different plots was consistent with thchypothesis that the scorch was due to potash deficieary. Notes oo itsincldence have been made in other years. There was some indicatiooof an iuverse relationship between the incidence of rust and of thistlpc oI scorch.SWEDEClub Root (Plasmodiophoa Brassicae Woron.) witl the usualsjmptoms occured in patches varyiag ,rom moderate to plcntifirl inthe upper part of Stackyard field, Wobum. A brown dry rot,beginning near t-he base of the bulb and spreading upwards was Ioundattlcking swedes on Lansome field in moderate quantity. No gallswere found and at first the disease was not thought to be Club root'Microscopic exarnination, however, showed the organism (Plasmodio-plora Brassicaz Woron.) present in healthy-lookiag flesh- This wastherefore assumed to be ihe primary a8€rt ia rotting, with wouniparasites such zs Rhizoctatia sp-, saprophytic eelworms and boringinsects acting as secondary €ents.Soft Rot-' (possibly BMs cordoto?*s L. R. Jones) was fom-din moderate luantid, on La.nsome field, Wobum, iD the earlyautumn and increased corsiderably in the late autum[.SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1935)Report for 1934 pp 577Downy Mildew lPaorus$oa Quasitict (Pers.) Tul.) was plentiftrlin October at Woburn. Ia Butt Furlong field where kale and swedesrere nixed the leaves of the latter could be identified by thcabrmdance of the disease on them while the kale was free as late asOctober, tlough two months later the kale was also attacked.Dcficiarv Disease'Browi Heart. S,'mptoms resembliag " Brown beart " were Iormdoccasionally on Lansome Iield, Woborn.KAI"EWas very healthy in the early part of tbe season and showed littleor no sign of disease until the late autumn.Downy Mildew (P.ror.os?ora parasilica (Pers.) Tul.) appearedin the winter at Rottramsted and Wobum in moderate quantity.Grey Mould (Botrylis ciaercaPets.) was rnoderate at Rothamstedand slight at Wobum in the winter.Wlrite Blister (Cystafus untidus (Pers.) de Bary) and Aap/i4ti,Brassicat (Berk.) Bolle were found occasionally.Bnussers SpnoursVery healthy early in the season.Grey Mould (Botrylis chaea Pers.) $as present on &e outerleaves a:rd a SoIt Rot (bacterial) was occasional, in the autumn, atRothamsted.CABBAGERirrg Spot (Mycosphaerdlabrasskicola (Fr.) Lindau) was moderatcand, Ah*tnr'ia Brassicae (Berk.) Bolle occasional in the autumrr atRotha.msted.CARiors were grown only on I-ansome field, Wobum.Violet Root Rot (Helicobasidium Uuriuraun (Tul.) Pat.) wasfound on a few roots at harvest.Sclerotinia Eot (Sclcrotir'it sdaoliorum (I-ib.) de Bary) appearedin the clamp in moderate quartity.SottRot (Badll,us cardoootusL.R. Jones) appeared in the clamp,&bout l0 Per cent. of the roots bein8 alfected to some e]rtetrt.FARM REPORT, T934WcstharThe year, October, 1933, to September, 1934, was abnormallydry and hot, rather similar to the previous one. The rainfalltotaled 19.16 irtches, 3.32 inches below last year's figure and 9.40inches below the 8l-year average. The biggest deficit occurred in thelast tlree months o{ 19i}i}, when only 3.49 inches were recordedagainst the 8Gyear average of 8.38 inches. There was, however, onevery wet spell at the end of Febmary and early in March, whichstopped all land work for almost three weeks. The four summermonths, May to August, were dry, and gave a deficit of almost4 inches compared with a corresponding deficit last year of almost5 inches. In nine of the twelve months the rainfall was below theaverage, aad the biggest increas€ over the average which occurred inMarch, was only I inch. Frequent showers occurred in August, whichratber interfered witi the harsest.SURVEY OF FUNGUS DISEASES AT ROTHAMSTED AND WOBURN (1935)Report for 1934 pp 6

Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1933-1934 (Take-all , Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.)

https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/download/106cf10b3d06f0ab78a9660afb9b350baa03d335263e90c721c36d3398a0573f/2593720/Take-all%20p73%20Report%20for%201934%20%281935%29.pdf

Fungus diseases at Rothamsted and Woburn 1933-1934 (Take-all , Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.)

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Rothamsted Repository