Path-dependent Kyle equilibrium model

We consider an auction type equilibrium model with an insider in line with the one originally introduced by Kyle in 1985 and then extended to the continuous time setting by Back in 1992. The novelty introduced with this paper is that we deal with a general price functional depending on the whole past of the aggregate demand, i.e. we work with path-dependency. By using the functional It\^o calculus, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an equilibrium. Furthermore, we consider both the cases of a risk-neutral and a risk-averse insider

Intraspecific Variation in Pinus Pinaster PSII Photochemical Efficiency in Response to Winter Stress and Freezing Temperatures

As part of a program to select maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) genotypes for resistance to low winter temperatures, we examined variation in photosystem II activity by chlorophyll fluorescence. Populations and families within populations from contrasting climates were tested during two consecutive winters through two progeny trials, one located at a continental and xeric site and one at a mesic site with Atlantic influence. We also obtained the LT50, or the temperature that causes 50% damage, by controlled freezing and the subsequent analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence in needles and stems that were collected from populations at the continental trial site

Surface velocity and mass balance of Livingston Island ice cap, Antarctica

The mass budget of the ice caps surrounding the Antarctica Peninsula and, in particular, the partitioning of its main components are poorly known. Here we approximate frontal ablation (i.e. the sum of mass losses by calving and submarine melt) and surface mass balance of the ice cap of Livingston Island, the second largest island in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, and analyse variations in surface velocity for the period 2007–2011. Velocities are obtained from feature tracking using 25 PALSAR-1 images, and used in conjunction with estimates of glacier ice thicknesses inferred from principles of glacier dynamics and ground-penetrating radar observations to estimate frontal ablation rates by a flux-gate approach. Glacier-wide surface mass-balance rates are approximated from in situ observations on two glaciers of the ice cap. Within the limitations of the large uncertainties mostly due to unknown ice thicknesses at the flux gates, we find that frontal ablation (−509 ± 263 Mt yr−1, equivalent to −0.73 ± 0.38 m w.e. yr−1 over the ice cap area of 697 km2) and surface ablation (−0.73 ± 0.10 m w.e. yr−1) contribute similar shares to total ablation (−1.46 ± 0.39 m w.e. yr−1). Total mass change (δM = −0.67 ± 0.40 m w.e. yr−1) is negative despite a slightly positive surface mass balance (0.06 ± 0.14 m w.e. yr−1). We find large interannual and, for some basins, pronounced seasonal variations in surface velocities at the flux gates, with higher velocities in summer than in winter. Associated variations in frontal ablation (of ~237 Mt yr−1; −0.34 m w.e. yr−1) highlight the importance of taking into account the seasonality in ice velocities when computing frontal ablation with a flux-gate approach

A Systematic Review on the Effects of L-theanine and Caffeine Combination on Human Mood and Cognition

Caffeine is one of the most widely ingested psychoactive drugs in the world. However, this central nervous system stimulant has raised concerns because of its inauspicious effects on health that come with its overconsumption. Recent scientific advancements have allowed for the theoretical regulation of these side effects through the combination of caffeine and Ltheanine, an amino acid that promotes relaxation and improves mental function. This minireview aims to extend current knowledge by synthesizing both beneficial and detrimental effects of the administration of the combination of caffeine and L-theanine to the human brain and cognition. Information was extensively reviewed, analyzed, and compiled from a sample of 50 works of literature published from 2014 to 2020 in the DLSU Library Databases, as well as referenced studies excluded from the given timeframe that contain highly relevant information that help structuralize the review. Dosage was found to be important in attaining benefits on mood and cognition such as suppressed anxiety and stress, positive mental state, neurochemically fostered changes in neurotransmitter systems, improved accuracy, improved semantic and recognition memory, and heightened mental alertness. On the other hand, Ltheanine was found to reduce arousal more than it regulates elevated emotions caused by caffeine while some literature found that induced cognitive effects were only independent for each substance. In summary, existing studies support the hypothesis that the combination benefits human mood and cognition. As such, future research may gear towards a build-up on knowledge and innovations on the topic

Spin glass state in strained La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thinfilms

Epitaxial strain modifies the physical properties of thin films deposited on single-crystal substrates. In a previous work, we demonstrated that in the case of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films the strain induced by the substrate can produce the segregation of a non-ferromagnetic layer (NFL) at the top surface of ferromagnetic epitaxial La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 for a critical value of the tetragonality τ, defined as τ = |c − a|a, of τC ≈ 0.024. Although preliminary analysis suggested its antiferromagnetic nature, to date a complete characterization of the magnetic state of such an NFL has not been performed. Here, we present a comprehensive magnetic characterization of the strain-induced segregated NFL. The field-cooled magnetic hysteresis loops exhibit an exchange bias mechanism below T ≈ 80 K, which is well below the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 layer. The exchange bias and coercive fields decay exponentially with temperature, which is commonly accepted to describe spin-glass (SG) behavior. The signatures of slow dynamics were confirmed by slow spin relaxation over a wide temperature regime. Low-energy muon spectroscopy experiments directly evidence the slowing down of the magnetic moments below ~100 K in the NFL. The experimental results indicate the SG nature of the NFL. This SG state can be understood within the context of the competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions of similar energies

Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Marginal Bone Loss in Osseointegrated Implants: A 2-Year Retrospective Study

Background: Fitting implants in osteoporotic patients has raditionally been controversial, and there is little scientific evidence relating osteoporosis to marginal bone loss (MBL). The aims of this study are as follows: 1) to evaluate the possibility of a correlation between osteoporosis, as measured by the mandibular cortical index (MCI), and MBL and 2) to assess how various systemic diseases, periodontitis, and placement of implants in regenerated bone are correlated with MBL and MCI. Methods: This retrospective study examines 212 implants inserted in 67 patients. To take a possible cluster failure into account, an implant for each patient was selected (n = 67 implants). MBL was assessed. Osteoporosis was evaluated using the MCI. Both MBL and MCI were assessed from panoramic radiographs. x2 test was performed (Haberman post hoc test). Significance was P <0.05. Results: When the total sample implant (N = 212) was evaluated, a significant association was found between the presence of osteoporosis and MCI (P <0.001) and between the presence of diabetes mellitus and MCI (P <0.01). Significant associations were also found between MBL and placement of implants in regenerated sites (P <0.001) and between MBL and a previous history of periodontitis (P <0.05). When the sample is evaluated only in selected implants (one per patient, n = 67), significant differences appear to relate only to the MBL with the placement of implants in regenerated bone sites (P <0.001). Conclusions: Osteoporosis (as evaluated by MCI) does not pose a risk for the development of greater MBL. Parameters adversely affecting the development of increased MBL are a previous history of periodontitis and especially the placement of implants at sites of bone regeneration

Parasitosis intestinal y estado inmunológico en pacientes adultos con infección por VIH del Centro Médico Naval "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara"

Objetivo: Describir los tipos parasitosis intestinales y el estado inmunológico en pacientes portadores del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH +). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo y retrospectivo, a través de la selección de 81 historias clínicas pertenecientes al Servicio de Infectología del Centro Médico Naval "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara", con el permiso de las autoridades del centro. Las historias contaban con el único criterio de inclusión considerado en la investigación que fue diagnóstico de infección por VIH. Los datos que se obtuvieron fueron los resultados de examen coproparasitológico y citometría de flujo para linfocitos T CD4, la presencia o ausencia de sintomatología intestinal, y pertenencia al programa de tratamiento antirretroviral de alta actividad (TARGA) o al tratamiento antirretroviral convencional. Resultados: El 37 % presentaron parasitosis intestinal. Se observó con mayor frecuencia a Entamoeba coli (20 %), que es no patógeno para el ser humano. Entre los patógenos hallados se encuentran Isospora belli (15,6 %), Giardia lamblia (15,6 %), Blastocystis hominis (11,2 %) y Cryptosporidium sp. (11,2 %). El 32,1 % de los casos presentaron diarrea, mientras que el 67,9 % fueron asintomáticos. En el grupo de asintomáticos, el promedio de CD4 es de 280 células/μL, mientras en los que tuvieron diarrea fue de 195 células/μL. Conclusiones: Los enteroparásitos Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Blastocystis hominis son hallados con mayor frecuencia en recuentos de CD4 200 células/uL

Parasitosis intestinal y estado inmunológico en pacientes adultos con infección por VIH del Centro Médico Naval "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara"

Objective: To describe the types of parasitic intestinal diseases and the immune status in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) patients. Materials and methods: A descriptive, comparative and retrospective study was carried out through the selection of 81 medical records from the Infectious Disease Service of the Naval Medical Center "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara", with the authorization of the pertinent authorities. Said medical records included the only inclusion criterion considered in the research: the diagnosis of HIV infection. The following data was obtained: results from a copro-parasitological examination and a flow cytometry for CD4 T lymphocyte count, presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and participation in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) program or the conventional antiretroviral treatment program. Results: Thirty-seven percent (37 %) of the patients presented parasitic intestinal diseases, with Entamoeba coli being the most frequently observed parasite (20 %), which is not pathogenic for humans. Among the pathogens, Isospora belli (15.6 %), Giardia lamblia (15.6 %), Blastocystis hominis (11.2 %) and Cryptosporidium sp. (11.2 %) were found. Thirty-two point one percent (32.1 %) of the subjects had diarrhea, while 67.9 % were asymptomatic. In the asymptomatic group, the average CD4 cell count was 280 cells/μL, while in those with diarrhea it was 195 cells/μL. Conclusions: Enteroparasites Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Blastocystis hominis are most frequently found at CD4 cell counts &lt;199 cells/uL. Non-pathogenic parasites Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Trichomonas hominis and Chilomastix mesnili are most frequently found in patients with CD4 cell counts &gt;200 cells/μL.Objetivo: Describir los tipos parasitosis intestinales y el estado inmunológico en pacientes portadores del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH +).  Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo y retrospectivo, a través de la selección de 81 historias clínicas pertenecientes al Servicio de Infectología del Centro Médico Naval "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara", con el permiso de las autoridades del centro. Las historias contaban con el único criterio de inclusión considerado en la investigación que fue diagnóstico de infección por VIH. Los datos que se obtuvieron fueron los resultados de examen coproparasitológico y citometría de flujo para linfocitos T CD4, la presencia o ausencia de sintomatología intestinal, y pertenencia al programa de tratamiento antirretroviral de alta actividad (TARGA) o al tratamiento antirretroviral convencional. Resultados: El 37 % presentaron parasitosis intestinal. Se observó con mayor frecuencia a Entamoeba coli (20 %), que es no patógeno para el ser humano. Entre los patógenos hallados se encuentran Isospora belli (15,6 %), Giardia lamblia (15,6 %), Blastocystis hominis (11,2 %) y Cryptosporidium sp. (11,2 %). El 32,1 % de los casos presentaron diarrea, mientras que el 67,9 % fueron asintomáticos. En el grupo de asintomáticos, el promedio de CD4 es de 280 células/μL, mientras en los que tuvieron diarrea fue de 195 células/μL. Conclusiones: Los enteroparásitos Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Blastocystis hominis son hallados con mayor frecuencia en recuentos de CD4 &lt;199 células/uL. Los parásitos no patógenos Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Trichomonas hominis, Chilomastix mesnili se encuentran con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con recuentos de CD4 &gt;200 células/uL

Predicción del éxito de la desfibrilación mediante entropía difusa en términos de recuperación de ritmo cardíaco regular, pulso y supervivencia

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la capacidad predictiva de la entropía difusa (FuzzEn) para la predicción del éxito de la desfibrilación definida de tres formas diferentes: recuperación de ritmos con QRS, retorno de la circulación espontanea (RCE) y supervivencia del paciente. Se han analizado 450 descargas de 174 episodios de parada cardiorrespiratoria extrahospitalaria (PCREH). FuzzEn se calculó tomando 5-seg de fibrilación ventricular (FV) previos a la descarga. Se evaluó la capacidad de predicción en términos de área bajo la curva (AUC), para las primeras tres descargas. Para ello se ajustó un clasificador basado en regresión logística usando una partición 60/40 por pacientes para ajustar el modelo (desarrollo) y evaluar el AUC (validación). Los valores de AUC obtenidos para predicción de aparición de ritmos con QRS y supervivencia para las tres primeras descargas fueron: 0.81/0.70, 0.84/0.87 y 0.95/0.95, respectivamente. FuzzEn permite predecir la supervivencia del paciente y la predictibilidad mejora en descargas sucesivas