Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head and neck. Case report

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a rare tumor included in the group of soft tissue sarcomas. Approximately 1-3% of these tumors affect the head and neck, with about 100 cases reported to date. A case affecting the retromolar trigone and involving the postero-lateral portion of the left hemi-tongue is reported. Etiological and pathological aspects are discussed. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this neoplasm are reviewed.Le fibro-histiocytome malin est une tumeur rare faisant partie du groupe des sarcomes des tissus mous. Environ 1-3% de ce type de tumeur est localisé dans la région de la tête et cou, dont 100 cas ont été rapportés à ce jour. Le cas rapporté affecte le trigone rétromolaire envahissant la portion postéro-latérale de l’hémi-langue. Les aspects étiologiques et pathologiques sont discutés. Le diagnostic, le traitement et le pronostic sont passés en revue

Distinct levels in Pom1 gradients limit Cdr2 activity and localization to time and position division.

Where and when cells divide are fundamental questions. In rod-shaped fission yeast cells, the DYRK-family kinase Pom1 is organized in concentration gradients from cell poles and controls cell division timing and positioning. Pom1 gradients restrict to mid-cell the SAD-like kinase Cdr2, which recruits Mid1/Anillin for medial division. Pom1 also delays mitotic commitment through Cdr2, which inhibits Wee1. Here, we describe quantitatively the distributions of cortical Pom1 and Cdr2. These reveal low profile overlap contrasting with previous whole-cell measurements and Cdr2 levels increase with cell elongation, raising the possibility that Pom1 regulates mitotic commitment by controlling Cdr2 medial levels. However, we show that distinct thresholds of Pom1 activity define the timing and positioning of division. Three conditions-a separation-of-function Pom1 allele, partial downregulation of Pom1 activity, and haploinsufficiency in diploid cells-yield cells that divide early, similar to pom1 deletion, but medially, like wild-type cells. In these cells, Cdr2 is localized correctly at mid-cell. Further, Cdr2 overexpression promotes precocious mitosis only in absence of Pom1. Thus, Pom1 inhibits Cdr2 for mitotic commitment independently of regulating its localization or cortical levels. Indeed, we show Pom1 restricts Cdr2 activity through phosphorylation of a C-terminal self-inhibitory tail. In summary, our results demonstrate that distinct levels in Pom1 gradients delineate a medial Cdr2 domain, for cell division placement, and control its activity, for mitotic commitment

Loot boxes in Spanish adolescents and young adults: Relationship with internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder

[EN] In recent years, the video game industry has introduced the possibility of buying virtual random goods (e.g., loot boxes) in electronic games using money through microtransactions, which are becoming more widespread and potentially akin to gambling. Although previous research has linked loot boxes with problematic gaming and gambling behaviors, there are very few studies that relate them to the clinical indicators of these problems. The overall goal of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of loot box purchasing behavior and its association with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Online Gambling Disorder (OGD). A secondary objective is to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Problematic Use of Loot Boxes Questionnaire (PU-LB). A crosssectional study was conducted among 6633 participants (4236 males, 63.9%, and 4123 minors, 62.2%) with an average age of 16.73 +/- 3.40 in a range of 11-30 years. The Spanish versions of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF) and the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) were used. A total of 2013 (30.4%) participants reported purchasing a loot box in the last 12 months (28.9% among minors). A person who had purchased a loot box in the last 12 months had a prevalence rate (PR) of 3.66 [95% CI 2.66, 5.05] of presenting an IGD, and a PR = 4.85 [IC 95% 2.58, 9.12] of presenting an OGD. The PU-LB exhibited adequate reliability and validity indicators and was positively and significantly related to loot box expenditure, IGDS9-SF, and OGD-Q scores. The results are further discussed, and practical implications and future lines of research proposed.This study has been funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation [RTI2018-094212-B-I00: (CIBER-AACC)] and by the International University of La Rioja in its Own Research Plan [Grupo Ciberpsicologia triennium 2017-2020 and biennium 2020-2022]. Open Access funding provided by University of Basque Country UPV/EHU

Validación del índice de masa corporal auto-referido en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud

Objective. To assess the validity of self-reported body mass index in the National Health Survey. 120 participants were selected and questioned about their weight and height with exactly the same questions that the National Health Survey uses. Afterwards, and once informed consent was obtained, participants were weighed and measured, and this data was used as the gold standard. On average, participants underestimated their weight by 1.39 kg, overestimated their height by 0.55 cm and underestimated their body mass index by 0.71 kg/m2. The sensitivity of self-reported self reported body mass index (BMI) to detect overweight was 77%, the specificity was 97%, the positive predictive value was 0.95 and the negative predictive value was 0.86. The Kappa index was 0.76 and the quadratically weighted Kappa index was 0.85. The correlation coefficient between self-reported and measured BMI was 0.96 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. Self-reported data is an efficient way of obtaining information about BMI, although with limitations, because self-reported data tends to underestimate weight and overestimate height, thus underestimating BMI and the proportion of participants with elevated BMI

Loot box purchases and their relationship with internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder in adolescents: A prospective study

In recent years, the video game industry has introduced Loot Box (LB), a new type of microtransaction in which a gamer uses real currency to purchase a random virtual item within a video game. Recently, LBs became more widespread and there is evidence suggesting their similarity to online gambling. Although some studies have investigated the association between LBs with disordered gaming and disordered gambling, very few have done so with clinical indicators of these problems. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge no longitudinal evidence of such relationships currently exists in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to 1) ascertain the stability of LB purchasing in minors and 2) investigate the associations between LB purchasing with gambling online and online gambling disorder within six months. A prospective cohort study was conducted at two time points six months apart. In total, 2.213 Spanish adolescents (1.067 [48.9%] boys) aged between 11 and 17 years participated in both waves. The purchase of LBs was prevalent and stable in the sample across the six months. While a positive relationship was found between purchasing LBs and online gambling six months later, the relationships between purchasing LBs and the presentation of online gambling disorder and gaming disorder require further study

Effect of smoking on body weight: longitudinal analysis of the SUN cohort

Our aim was to investigate prospectively the association between two major cardiovascular risk factors: smoking and weight gain. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 7565 individuals taking part in a dynamic cohort study over a median follow-up period of 50 months. Self-reported weight and physical activity levels had been validated previously. The adjusted mean difference in weight gain relative to never-smokers (the reference group) was estimated for different levels of tobacco exposure. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, baseline body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, changes in physical activity level, total energy intake, fiber intake, food consumption between meals, and sugary soft drink, fast food and alcohol consumption, it was found that individuals who stopped smoking during follow-up had a greater relative weight gain: men 1.63 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.19 kg), and women 1.51 kg (95% CI, 1.11-1.91 kg). In addition, active smokers had a greater weight gain than never-smokers: men 0.49 kg (95% CI, 0.11-0.87 kg), and women 0.36 kg (95% CI, 0.07-0.65 kg). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who stopped smoking during follow-up and active smokers both experienced significantly greater weight gains than never-smokers. This association between cardiovascular risk factors should be taken into account when developing prevention programs

A prospective study of eating away-from-home meals and weight gain in a Mediterranean population: the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort

OBJECTIVE: The traditional Mediterranean food pattern is more easily preserved when meals are eaten at home; however, as a result of recent socio-economic changes, away-from-home meal consumption has increased rapidly in Mediterranean countries. Little research has been conducted so far to investigate the long-term health effects of these changes in the Mediterranean area. DESIGN: In a prospective Spanish dynamic cohort of 9182 university graduates (the SUN Study; Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Follow-up) with a mean age of 37 years, followed up for an average of 4.4 years, we assessed the association between the frequency of eating out of home and weight gain or incident overweight/obesity. Dietary habits were assessed with an FFQ previously validated in Spain. RESULTS: During follow-up, eating-out consumers (two times or more per week) had higher average adjusted weight gain (+129 g/year, P < 0.001) and higher adjusted risk of gaining 2 kg or more per year (OR = 1.36; 95 % CI 1.13, 1.63) than non-eating-out consumers. Among participants with baseline BMI < 25 kg/m2, we observed 855 new cases of overweight/obesity. Eating away-from-home meals was significantly associated with a higher risk of becoming overweight/obese (hazard ratio = 1.33; 95 % CI 1.13, 1.57). CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of meals eaten out of home may play a role in the current obesity epidemic observed in some Mediterranean countries

Diagnóstico y análisis de estructuras de madera mediante técnicas no destructivas: aplicación a la Plaza Mayor de Chinchón (Madrid)

This article shows the work attributed to the assessment, diagnosis and intervention proposal regarding the seen timber structure at the Plaza Mayor in Chinchón (Madrid). Visual recognition techniques and other non-destructive and pseudo non-destructive methods were used such as microphotography, xilohigrometry, ultrasound velocity measurements, screw extraction and resistography.The investigative work allowed for the identification of the original woody species, the characterization of the structural timber and the identification of diverse types of damages and lesions present in order to carry out a structural assessment. It served as a basis to establish an intervention proposal based on the obtained data and the internationally recognized general principles applied to the particular case. Although the overall state of the timber is quite good, thanks to the actions carried out previously, suggestions for constructive intervention and treatments against biotic and abiotic damages were proposed.The investigative work was carried out by the research group of Timber Structures and Wood Technology of the University of Valladolid (http://www.uva.es/maderas), which is composed of multidisciplinary researchers with experience in the fields of construction and architectural restoration and wood technology.Este artículo muestra los trabajos de inspección, diagnóstico y propuesta de intervención sobre la estructura de madera vista de la plaza Mayor de Chinchón (Madrid). Se emplearon técnicas de reconocimiento visual y otras de tipo no destructivo y pseudo-no destructivo como la microfotografía, xilohigrometría, medición de la velocidad de ultrasonidos, arranque de tornillos y resistografía. Los trabajos permitieron identificar la especie leñosa original, caracterizar la madera estructural, señalar los daños y lesiones de diverso tipo que presenta y, finalmente, realizar una peritación estructural. Todo ello sirvió de base para establecer una propuesta de intervención basada en los datos obtenidos y los principios generales internacionalmente reconocidos, aplicados al caso particular. Aunque el estado general de la madera es relativamente bueno gracias a actuaciones realizadas anteriormente, se propusieron sugerencias de intervención constructiva y tratamientos contra daños bióticos y abióticos. Ha sido realizado por el Grupo de Investigación en Estructuras y Tecnología de la Madera de la Universidad de Valladolid (http://www.uva.es/maderas), que está integrado por profesionales e investigadores multidisciplinares, con experiencia en los campos de la construcción y restauración arquitectónica y la tecnología de la madera

Ultra-processed foods and type-2 diabetes risk in the sun project: A prospective cohort study

The association between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been much explored. We aimed to evaluate the association between consumption of UPF and the incidence of T2D