Metabolic Power Method: Underestimation of Energy Expenditure in Field-Sport Movements Using a Global Positioning System Tracking System

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a global positioning system (GPS) tracking system to estimate energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and field-sport locomotor movements. Twenty-seven participants each completed a 90-min exercise session on an outdoor synthetic futsal pitch. During the exercise session, they wore a 5-Hz GPS unit interpolated to 15 Hz and a portable gas analyzer that acted as the criterion measure of EE. The exercise session was composed of alternating 5-minute exercise bouts of randomized walking, jogging, running, or a field-sport circuit (×3) followed by 10 min of recovery. One-way analysis of variance showed significant (P &lt; .01) and very large underestimations between GPS metabolic power– derived EE and oxygen-consumption (VO2) -derived EE for all field-sport circuits (% difference ≈ –44%). No differences in EE were observed for the jog (7.8%) and run (4.8%), whereas very large overestimations were found for the walk (43.0%). The GPS metabolic power EE over the entire 90-min session was significantly lower (P &lt; .01) than the VO2 EE, resulting in a moderate underestimation overall (–19%). The results of this study suggest that a GPS tracking system using the metabolic power model of EE does not accurately estimate EE in field-sport movements or over an exercise session consisting of mixed locomotor activities interspersed with recovery periods; however, is it able to provide a reasonably accurate estimation of EE during continuous jogging and running.</jats:p

Quotient Categories and Phases

We study properties of a category after quotienting out a suitable chosen group of isomorphisms on each object. Coproducts in the original category are described in its quotient by our new weaker notion of a 'phased coproduct'. We examine these and show that any suitable category with them arises as such a quotient of a category with coproducts. Motivation comes from projective geometry, and also quantum theory where they describe superpositions in the category of Hilbert spaces and continuous linear maps up to global phase. The quotients we consider also generalise those induced by categorical isotropy in the sense of Funk et al.Comment: Fixed typos, added discussion of isotropy, expanded introductio

Visão introdutória de qualidade de vida no trabalho

O presente trabalho é um estudo introdutório sobre "Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho" (QVT), assuntos que assume dimensão crescente nas organizações. Inicialmente são discutidas as origens deste movimento e sua conceituação por alguns autores. Após são colocadas duas abordagens da QVT, a clássica e a situacional. Esta é uma classificação dos próprios autores, para enfatizar a concepção original e convencional da QVT e diferenciar da segunda abordagem de caráter puramente situacional que empresta à expressão um sentido mais amplo adaptando-se à realidade e ao contexto em que está inserida a organização. O estudo é concluído com uma mensagem de reflexão dos caminhos futuros das organizações, seus recursos humanos e QVT

Silent Phase of Johne’s Disease in Experimentally Infected Goats – A Study on New and Established Diagnostic Approaches Using Specific and Non-Specific Parameters

The current gold standard diagnostic test for Johne’s disease (JD) is detecting Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) from fecal samples via culture and/or PCR. Other commercially available JD diagnostic tests focus on the detection of specific antibodies within the serum or milk of infected ruminants. These tests have a high specificity but low their sensitivity and usually fail to diagnose the disease until later stages of the disease. The ideal diagnostic test should detect infected animals already during the silent phase. Here, we evaluate the use of new and established approaches to define the silent phase of JD in experimentally infected goats. None of the established diagnostic tests or new approaches for the detection of humoral and cellular immune responses were positive during the first year of infection. Only the characterization of various subsets of peripheral blood leukocytes and the weight development gave some indication for the presence of a chronic, but silent, infection. Weight differences were present throughout the first year. In addition, some of the subsets of leukocytes (WC1+ T cells, MHC class II+ leukocytes, CD1+ leukocytes, CD14+ granulocytes, and CD14+/MHC class II+ granulocytes) demonstrated significant differences, but only at certain time points

Phase Control of Nonadiabaticity-induced Quantum Chaos in An Optical Lattice

The qualitative nature (i.e. integrable vs. chaotic) of the translational dynamics of a three-level atom in an optical lattice is shown to be controllable by varying the relative laser phase of two standing wave lasers. Control is explained in terms of the nonadiabatic transition between optical potentials and the corresponding regular to chaotic transition in mixed classical-quantum dynamics. The results are of interest to both areas of coherent control and quantum chaos.Comment: 3 figures, 4 pages, to appear in Physical Review Letter

Effect of Preform Thickness and Volume Fraction on Injection Pressure and Mechanical Properties of Resin Transfer Molded Composites

An experimental study is performed to characterize the effect of the thickness of random preforms on injection pressure and mechanical properties of resin transfer molded (RTM) parts. Center-gated, disk-shaped parts are molded using two different chopped-strand glass fiber preforms. Both preforms have random microstructure but different planar densities (i.e., different uncompressed layer thicknesses). Tensile strength, short-beam shear strength, and elastic modulus are measured for parts molded with each preform type at three different fiber volume fractions of 6.84, 15.55, and 24.83%. Although mechanical properties are found to increase linearly with volume fraction, significant difference is not observed between disks containing thick and thin mats at equivalent fiber volume fraction.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Dissemination of an Electronic Manual to Build Capacity for Implementing Farmers’ Markets With Community Health Centers

Community-university partnerships can lend themselves to the development of tools that encourage and promote future community health development. The electronic manual, Building Farmacies, describes an approach for developing capacity and sustaining a community health center-based farmers\u27 market that emerged through a community-university partnership. Manual development was guided by the Knowledge to Action Framework and experiences developing a multivendor, produce-only farmers\u27 market at a community health center in rural South Carolina. The manual was created to illustrate an innovative solution for community health development. The manual was disseminated electronically through 25 listservs and interested individuals voluntarily completed a Web-based survey to access the free manual. During the 6-month dissemination period, 271 individuals downloaded the manual. Findings highlighted the value of translating community-based participatory research into user-friendly manuals to guide future intervention development and dissemination approaches, and demonstrate the need to include capacity building opportunities to support translation and adoption of interventions

Teaching politics after the practice turn

The ‘practice turn’ and its associated ontology, epistemology and methodology are now well established in political research. In this article, we identify and explore a corollary pedagogy. After outlining the principal components of practice theory, we compare case- and placement-based approaches to learning, designed to develop skills for use in practice. We introduce and describe our own rather different course, which we designed to develop an understanding of the nature of practice as such. We discuss its scope and dynamics, particularly with regard to power in the classroom, and identify broader opportunities and challenges for the development of practice-based pedagogy

A simple, biologically plausible feature detector for language acquisition

Language has a complex grammatical system we still have to understand computationally and biologically (Hauser et al., 2002; Yang, 2013). However, some evolutionarily ancient mechanisms have been repurposed for grammar (Dehaene & Cohen, 2007; Endress, Cahill, et al., 2009; Endress, Nespor, et al., 2009; Fitch, 2017) so that we can use insight from other taxa into possible circuit level mechanisms of grammar. Drawing upon recent evidence for the importance of disinhibitory circuits across taxa and brain regions (Chevalier & Deniau, 1990; Letzkus et al., 2015; Hangya et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2013; Goddard et al., 2014; Mysore & Knudsen, 2012; Koyama et al., 2016; Koyama & Pujala, 2018), I suggest a simple circuit that explains the acquisition of core grammatical rules used in 85% of the world’s languages (Rubino, 2013): grammatical rules based on sameness/difference relations. This circuit acts as a sameness-detector. Different items are suppressed through inhibition, but presenting two identical items leads to inhibition of inhibition. The items are thus propagated for further processing. This sameness-detector thus acts as a feature detector for a grammatical rule. I suggest that having a set of feature detectors for elementary grammatical rules might make language acquisition feasible based on relatively simple computational mechanisms

Ultrastructural and functional fate of recycled vesicles in hippocampal synapses

Efficient recycling of synaptic vesicles is thought to be critical for sustained information transfer at central terminals. However, the specific contribution that retrieved vesicles make to future transmission events remains unclear. Here we exploit fluorescence and time-stamped electron microscopy to track the functional and positional fate of vesicles endocytosed after readily releasable pool (RRP) stimulation in rat hippocampal synapses. We show that most vesicles are recovered near the active zone but subsequently take up random positions in the cluster, without preferential bias for future use. These vesicles non-selectively queue, advancing towards the release site with further stimulation in an actin-dependent manner. Nonetheless, the small subset of vesicles retrieved recently in the stimulus train persist nearer the active zone and exhibit more privileged use in the next RRP. Our findings reveal heterogeneity in vesicle fate based on nanoscale position and timing rules, providing new insights into the origins of future pool constitution