Distribución espacial de mortalidad en nogal pecanero en la región centro sur del estado de Chihuahua

Gran parte de la economía de la región centro sur del estado de Chihuahua depende de la agriculcultura. Es una zona semidesértica que utiliza agua de los ríos Conchos y San Pedro para el riego de los cultivos. De éstos, uno de los principales es el cultivo del nogal pecanero. Sin embargo, su producción se puede ver afectada por plagas y enfermedades además de que pueden causar la muerte de los nogales. En este estudio se presenta la distribución espacial de huertas en las que se buscó la presencia de nogales muertos o muriendo, así como sus principales causales: pudrición texana (Phymatotrichum omnivorum), nematodo agallador (Meloidogyne spp), gallina ciega (Phyllophaga spp) y gusano barrenador del tronco (Euplatypus spp). El municipio que más huertas nogaleras presenta es el de Meoqui, sin embargo, es el que menor problemas de mortalidad existen, y Delicias en el que el problema es mayor, al igual que los agentes etiológicos estudiados: Phymatotrichum omnivorum, Meloidogyne spp, Phyllophaga spp y Euplatypus spp tendiendo a concentrarse en su frontera noreste

Wax worm saliva and the enzymes therein are the key to polyethylene degradation by Galleria mellonella

11 p.-6 fig.Plastic degradation by biological systems with re-utilization of the by-products can be the future solution to the global threat of plastic waste accumulation. We report that the saliva of Galleria mellonella larvae (wax worms) is capable of oxidizing and depolymerizing polyethylene (PE), one of the most produced and sturdy polyolefin-derived plastics. This effect is achieved after a few hours’ exposure at room temperature and physiological conditions (neutral pH). The wax worm saliva can indeed overcome the bottleneck step in PE biodegradation, that is the initial oxidation step. Within the saliva, we identified two enzymes that can reproduce the same effect. This is the first report of enzymes with this capability, opening up the way to new ground-breaking solutions for plastic waste management through bio-recycling/up-cycling.Roechling Stiftung to FB Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) to FB NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme (Grant SPS G5536) to TT Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educación y Cultura y Fondo Social Europeo (Grant BU263P18) to TT Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant PID2019-111215RB-100) to TT The Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 1192) to MS Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant BFU2017-89143-P) to EA-PN

Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous Paleogeography of the Western Margin of the Neuquén Basin (34° 30′–36° S)

U–Pb dating of detrital and igneous zircons from the retroarc deposits of the Neuquén Basin has shed light over the Mesozoic evolution of the western border of South America, yet the coeval arc and forearc regions remain mostly indirectly characterized. Furthermore, recent paleogeographic reconstructions consider the arc and forearc regions as a tectonically stable and static region at least until Late Cretaceous. In this chapter, we aim to contribute to the Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous paleogeographic reconstructions of the western margin of South America from a western point of view integrating the coeval arc and forearc evolution, between 34° 30′ and 36° S. We focus here in the deposits exposed along the Chilean slope of the Principal Cordillera and use four new detrital zircon age data to determine their ages and main source areas. These ages are compared with 38 published U–Pb detrital zircon ages and integrated into a series of paleogeographic cross sections which illustrate the Mesozoic evolution along the Southern Central Andes encompassing the forearc, arc, and retroarc regions. Our data show that the arc and forearc regions were active at least since the Middle Jurassic. Evidence for this tectonic activity corresponds to the development of forearc basins in the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times. New ages along the Chilean slope of the Andes allow suggesting an early beginning for the compressive period during the latest Early Cretaceous. The formation of a geographic barrier, as a consequence of the compressive regime, would explain the differences in the sediments provenance between western and eastern deposits during the latest Late Cretaceous. Finally, the almost complete record of Mesozoic ages in the detrital and volcanic deposits of the western slope of the Southern Central Andes constitutes a counter-argument about the null or waning activity proposed for the Middle Jurassic or Late Cretaceous from U–Pb detrital zircon analysis of the eastern Mesozoic deposits. Conversely, our data indicate a continued activity of the arc-related volcanism and magmatism throughout all the Mesozoic time.Fil: Tapia Silva, Felipe Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Marcia. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Farías, Marcelo. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Departamento de Geología; ChileFil: Charrier, Reynaldo. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Astaburuaga, Daniela. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. Departamento de Geología; Chil