Some Chemical Aspects of Tetrahydro-1-thiopyran-4-one Derivatives

3,5-Diarylmethylene-2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-thiones, 2, reacted with two or four moles of bromine to form 3-aryimethylene 5-bromoarylmethylene- 2,6-dipheny1tetrahydrothiopyran- -4-thione, 3, and 3-arylmethylene-5-bromoarylmethylene-2,6-dibromo- 2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-thione, 5, respectively. Compound 2a reacted with amines giving 2,6-diphenyl-5-iminophenylmethyl- 3-phenylmethylenetetrahydrothiopyran-4-thiones, 6. Diphenydiazomethane and 9-diazofluorene converted 2a into 4-diphenylethylene- 2,6-dipheny1-3,5 diphenylmethylenetetrahydrothiopyran, 7, and 2,6-diphenyl-3,5-diphenylmethylene-4-(9-fluorenylidene) tetrahydrothiopyran, 8, respectively. Compounds 2 with copper-bronze afforded 3,3\u27,5,5\u27-tetraarylmethylene-2,2\u27 ,6,6\u27-tetraphenyl-Lr-thio- 4,4\u27 dipyranylidenes

Prevent Cracking in Deposition of Carbon Steel on Inconel 625

Welding procedure of clad steel including deposition of carbon steel on nickel base alloy usually gives unaccepted mechanical properties. Cracks were formed along type II boundary in nickel base alloy pass and a martensitic layer was formed in carbon steel pass. In this paper, cracks along type II boundary were prevented by lowering the martensitic start temperature (TMs) of the martensitic layer. Decreasing of TMs was obtained by two methods: Dilution method and Grain refining method. Three levels of TMs (approximately 350, 200, and 50⁰C) are obtained. The results showed that: cracks along type II boundary were prevented at TMs lower than 200⁰C; however type II boundary itself was prevented at TMs lower than 50. Also post weld heat treatment was necessary to achieve accepted impact properties

Amenability of heap leaching technology on uranium extraction from Gattar and El Missikat area, Eastern Desert, Egypt: A kinetic approach

Studies of uranium heap leaching from different uranium mineralization situated in Eastern Desert of Egypt was investigated via batch experiments, followed by its optimum condition applicationon column percolationtests.The optimum process operating parameters were implemented on large column scale in order to make more condition control and evaluate the time and reagents needed in the large scale. The results show thatleaching efficiency of GIIattained about 78.3% with 34kg/ton acid consumption in a 44 days period, while leaching efficiency of El-Missikat attained about 86.6% with 28kg/ton acid consumption in a 40 days period.Kinetics reaction models of column tests have been investigated to optimize the column leaching behavior. Based on the leaching results of two mineralized samples, the rate of the uranium metal dissolution is controlled by the chemical reaction and the diffusion reaction but diffusion reaction control was more predominate than a chemical reaction control

RETENTION OF ZN, PB, CU AND CD METAL IONS ONTO SEWAGE IRRIGATED SOIL

The sorption isotherm and kinetic of Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ , and Cd2+ ions onto sewage irrigated soil (El-Gebal El Aasfar-Qalubia) was examined as a function of the retention time and initial ion concentration using batch equilibrium sorption experiments. Results show that the Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd metal ions onto the soil is relatively rapid and sorption reaches equilibrium at about 240 minutes. Kinetics of the sorption process on the soil is well characterized by the pseudo-second order reaction rate. Langmuir, Freundlich and D–R isotherm models are fitted for the sorption of Cu2+, Pb2, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions onto the soil. The constants of all models were calculated for each metal ion and compared. It indicated clear differences between the sorption characteristics of Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions on the sewage irrigated soil

Ion Flotation of Copper(II) and Lead(II) from Environmental Water Samples

The present study aims to develop a simple, rapid and economic procedure for copper(II) and lead(II) removal under the optimum conditions investigated. It is based on the complex formation between Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions and diphenylcarbazone (HDPC) followed by flotation with oleic acid (HOL) surfactant. The different parameters (namely: solution pH, HDPC, HOL, copper and lead concentrations, ionic strength, temperature and the presence of foreign ions) influencing the flotation process were examined. Nearly, 100% of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions were removed from aqueous solutions at pHs 6 and 7, respectively at room temperature (~25 \ub0C). The procedure was successfully applied to recover almost copper(II) and lead(II) spiked to some natural water samples. Due to the rapid, simple and economic nature of the procedure, a flotation mechanism is suggested for metal removal in wastewater systems

ACHILLES Reading Guide 3: Asset scale deterioration

The deterioration of earthworks reduces theirserviceable performance and increases thelikelihood of instability. This can havesignificant impacts on the safe and reliableoperation of the transportation networks thatthey support. These deterioration processesare weather-driven and may lead to failuremany years after construction even in theabsence of increased mechanical loads.Evidence also indicates that climate changewill increase rates of asset deterioration andreduce time to failure. This documentsummarises the key conclusions on assetdeterioration drawn from the ACHILLES bodyof work. A more detailed overview of theACHILLES concept can be found in ReadingGuide 1 [1], the project website (achilles-grant.org.uk), and the following papers: [2,3]

Emulating long-term weather-driven transportation earthworks deterioration models to support asset management

The deterioration of transport infrastructure earthworks is a global problem, with negative impacts for infrastructure resilience, becoming of increasing significance as existing infrastructure ages. Key mechanisms which affect this deterioration include seasonal pore pressure cycling driven by changing weather and climate, and the long-term dissipation of construction induced excess pore pressures. These complex processes lead to significant uncertainty in rates of deterioration and the current state of existing earthworks assets. The objective in this work was to establish a framework to emulate deterministic numerical models of slope deterioration over time using statistical (Gaussian process) emulation. A validated, physically based, deterministic modeling capability has been developed that can replicate the hydro-mechanically coupled behavior of cut and embankment slopes and their deterioration as driven by weather and climate. In parallel, a statistical (Gaussian process) emulator model was developed, and then trained with data from a deterministic modeling parametric study, using a formal experimental design approach, making use of Latin hypercube sampling. Exemplar forecasting outputs are presented to demonstrate application of the approach for use in decision-making. This information can be used in the design of new earthworks and the management of existing earthwork portfolio

CYP1B1 and myocilin gene mutations in Egyptian patients with primary congenital glaucoma

Purpose: Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) accounts for 26–29% of childhood blindness in Egypt. The identification of disease causing mutations has not been extensively investigated. We aimed to examine the frequency of CYP1B1 and MYOC mutations in PCG Egyptian patients, and study a possible genotype/phenotype correlation.Methods: Ninety-eight patients with PCG diagnosed at the Ophthalmology department ofAlexandria Main University Hospital were enrolled. Demographic and phenotypic characteristics were recorded. Patients and 100 healthy subjects (control group) were screened for two mutations in CYP1B1 gene (G61E, R368H) and one mutation in MYOC gene (Gln48His) using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP). Phenotypic characteristics pertaining to disease severity were compared.Results: Nineteen patients (19%) with PCG were found positive for one or more of the mutations screened for. Seven patients (7%) were homozygous for the G61E mutation. Ten patients (10%) were heterozygous; 6 for the G61E mutation, 2 for the R368H mutation and 2 for the Gln48His mutation. Two patients (2%) were double heterozygotes harboring a R368H as well as a Gln48His mutation. The most common mutation observed was the G61E in 13 patients; 7 homozygotes and 6 heterozygotes for the mutation. The control group were negative for all mutations screened for. No significant correlations between the mutations and phenotype severity were detected. A statistically significant positive correlation however was found between the different mutations andeach of the IOP and the cup/disk ratio.Conclusion: The current study further endorses the role of CYP1B1 mutations in the etiology of PCG among Egyptian patients and is the first study to report MYOC gene mutation in Egyptian patients with PCG

Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking of Paracyclophanyl-Thiazole Hybrids as Novel CDK1 Inhibitors and Apoptosis Inducing Anti-Melanoma Agents

Three new series of paracyclophanyl-dihydronaphtho[2,3-d]thiazoles and paracyclophanyl-thiazolium bromides were designed, synthesized, and characterized by their spectroscopic data, along with X-ray analysis. One-dose assay results of anticancer activity indicated that 3a–e had the highest ability to inhibit the proliferation of different cancer cell lines. Moreover, the hybrids 3c–e were selected for five-dose analyses to demonstrate a broad spectrum of antitumor activity without apparent selectivity. Interestingly, series I compounds (Z)-N-substituted-4,9-dihydronaphtho[2,3-d]thiazol-3(2H)-yl)-4′-[2.2]paracyclophanylamide) that are carrying 1,4-dihydronaphthoquinone were more active as antiproliferative agents than their naphthalene-containing congeners (series II: substituted 2-(4′-[2.2]paracyclophanyl)hydrazinyl)-4-(naphth-2-yl)-thiazol-3-ium bromide hybrids) and (series III: 3-(4′-[2.2]paracyclophanyl)amido-2-(cyclopropylamino)-4-(naphth-2-yl)thiazol-3-ium bromide) toward the SK-MEL-5 melanoma cell line. Further antiproliferation investigations of 3c and 3e on the healthy, normal unaffected SK-MEL-5 cell line indicated their relative safety. Compound 3c showed an inhibition of eight isoforms of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK); however, it exhibited the lowest IC50 of 54.8 nM on CDK1 in comparison to Dinaciclib as a reference. Additionally, compound 3c revealed a remarkable downregulation of phospho-Tyr15 with a level (7.45 pg/mL) close to the reference. 3c mainly showed cell cycle arrest in the pre-G1 and G2/M phases upon analysis of the SK-MEL-5 cell line. The sequential caspase-3 assay for 3c indicated a remarkable overexpression level. Finally, a molecular docking study was adopted to elucidate the binding mode and interactions of the target compounds with CDK1