24,862 research outputs found
Vortex macroscopic superpositions in ultracold bosons in a double-well potential
We study macroscopic superpositions in the orbital rather than the spatial
degrees of freedom, in a three-dimensional double-well system. We show that the
ensuing dynamics of interacting excited ultracold bosons, which in general
requires at least eight single-particle modes and Fock
vectors, is described by a surprisingly small set of many-body states. An
initial state with half the atoms in each well, and purposely excited in one of
them, gives rise to the tunneling of axisymmetric and transverse vortex
structures. We show that transverse vortices tunnel orders of magnitude faster
than axisymmetric ones and are therefore more experimentally accessible. The
tunneling process generates macroscopic superpositions only distinguishable by
their orbital properties and within experimentally realistic times.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Role of Schizosaccharomyces pombe RecQ homolog recombination and checkpoint genes in UV Damage tolerance
The cellular responses to DNA damage are complex and include direct DNA repair pathways that remove the damage and indirect damage responses which allow cells to survive DNA damage that has not been, or cannot be, removed. We have identified the gene mutated in the rad12.502 strain as a Schizosaccharomyces pombe recQ homolog. The same gene (designated rqh1) is also mutated in the hus2.22 mutant. We show that Rqh1 is involved in a DNA damage survival mechanism which prevents cell death when UV-induced DNA damage cannot be removed. This pathway also requires the correct functioning of the recombination machinery and the six checkpoint tad gene products plus the Cds1 kinase. Our data suggest that Rqh1 operates during S phase as part of a mechanism which prevents DNA damage causing cell lethality. This process may involve the bypass of DNA damage sites by the replication fork. Finally, in contrast with the reported literature, we do not find that rqh1 (rad12) mutant cells are defective in UV dimer endonuclease activity
Expendable bubble tiltmeter for geophysical monitoring
An unusually rugged highly sensitive and inexpensive bubble tiltmeter has been designed, tested, and built in quantity. These tiltmeters are presently used on two volcanoes and an Alaskan glacier, where they continuously monitor surface tilts of geological interest. This paper discusses the
mechanical, thermal, and electric details of the meter, and illustrates its performance characteristics in both large ( > 10^(-4) radian) and small ( < 10^(-6) radian) tilt environments. The meter's ultimate sensitivity is better than 2 X 10^(-8) radians rms for short periods (hours), and its useful dynamic range is greater than 10^4. Included is a short description of field use of the instrument for volcano monitoring
Symmetry breaking and singularity structure in Bose-Einstein condensates
We determine the trajectories of vortex singularities that arise after a
single vortex is broken by a discretely symmetric impulse in the context of
Bose-Einstein condensates in a harmonic trap. The dynamics of these
singularities are analyzed to determine the form of the imprinted motion. We
find that the symmetry-breaking process introduces two effective forces: a
repulsive harmonic force that causes the daughter trajectories to be ejected
from the parent singularity, and a Magnus force that introduces a torque about
the axis of symmetry. For the analytical non-interacting case we find that the
parent singularity is reconstructed from the daughter singularities after one
period of the trapping frequency. The interactions between singularities in the
weakly interacting system do not allow the parent vortex to be reconstructed.
Analytic trajectories were compared to the actual minima of the wavefunction,
showing less 0.5% error for impulse strength of (v=0.00005). We show that these
solutions are valid within the impulse regime for various impulse strengths
using numerical integration of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We also show that
the actual duration of the symmetry breaking potential does not significantly
change the dynamics of the system as long as the strength is below (v=0.0005).Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Stability criterion for self-similar solutions with a scalar field and those with a stiff fluid in general relativity
A stability criterion is derived in general relativity for self-similar
solutions with a scalar field and those with a stiff fluid, which is a perfect
fluid with the equation of state . A wide class of self-similar
solutions turn out to be unstable against kink mode perturbation. According to
the criterion, the Evans-Coleman stiff-fluid solution is unstable and cannot be
a critical solution for the spherical collapse of a stiff fluid if we allow
sufficiently small discontinuity in the density gradient field in the initial
data sets. The self-similar scalar-field solution, which was recently found
numerically by Brady {\it et al.} (2002 {\it Class. Quantum. Grav.} {\bf 19}
6359), is also unstable. Both the flat Friedmann universe with a scalar field
and that with a stiff fluid suffer from kink instability at the particle
horizon scale.Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity,
typos correcte
Comparison of porcine thorax to gelatine blocks for wound
Published online first in International Journal of Legal Medicine. The support of EPSRC and The Home Office are recognised. Open Access, this article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:/ /creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Tissue simulants are typically used in ballistic testing as substitutes for biological tissues. Many simulants have been used, with gelatine amongst the most common. While two concentrations of gelatine (10 and 20 %) have been used extensively, no agreed standard exists for the preparation of either. Comparison of ballistic damage produced in both concentrations is lacking. The damage produced in gelatine is also questioned, with regards to what it would mean for specific areas of living tissue. The aim of the work discussed in this paper was to consider how damage caused by selected pistol and rifle ammunition varied in different simulants. Damage to gelatine blocks 10 and 20 % in concentration were tested with 9 mm Luger (9 × 19 full metal jacket; FMJ) rounds, while damage produced by .223 Remington (5.56 × 45 Federal Premium® Tactical® Bonded®) rounds to porcine thorax sections (skin, underlying tissue, ribs, lungs, ribs, underlying tissue, skin; backed by a block of 10 % gelatine) were compared to 10 and 20 % gelatine blocks. Results from the .223 Remington rifle round, which is one that typically expands on impact, revealed depths of penetration in the thorax arrangement were significantly different to 20 % gelatine, but not 10 % gelatine. The level of damage produced in the simulated thoraxes was smaller in scale to that witnessed in both gelatine concentrations,though greater debris was produced in the thoraxes.The support of EPSRC and The Home Office are recognised
Quantum phase transitions in the Fermi-Bose Hubbard model
We propose a multi-band Fermi-Bose Hubbard model with on-site fermion-boson
conversion and general filling factor in three dimensions. Such a Hamiltonian
models an atomic Fermi gas trapped in a lattice potential and subject to a
Feshbach resonance. We solve this model in the two state approximation for
paired fermions at zero temperature. The problem then maps onto a coupled
Heisenberg spin model. In the limit of large positive and negative detuning,
the quantum phase transitions in the Bose Hubbard and Paired-Fermi Hubbard
models are correctly reproduced. Near resonance, the Mott states are given by a
superposition of the paired-fermion and boson fields and the Mott-superfluid
borders go through an avoided crossing in the phase diagram.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Dynamic airfoil stall investigations
Experimental and computational investigations of the dynamic stall phenomenon continue to attract the attention of various research groups in the major aeronautical research laboratories. There are two reasons for this continued research interest. First, the occurrence of dynamic stall on the retreating blade of helicopters imposes a severe performance limitation and thus suggests to search for ways to delay the onset of dynamic stall. Second, the lift enhancement prior to dynamic stall presents an opportunity to achieve enhanced maneuverability of fighter aircraft. A description of the major parameters affecting dynamic stall and lift and an evaluation of research efforts prior to 1988 has been given by Carr. In this paper the authors' recent progress in the development of experimental and computational methods to analyze the dynamic stall phenomena occurring on NACA 0112 airfoils is reviewed. First, the major experimental and computational approaches and results are summarized. This is followed by an assessment of our results and an outlook toward the future
The state space and physical interpretation of self-similar spherically symmetric perfect-fluid models
The purpose of this paper is to further investigate the solution space of
self-similar spherically symmetric perfect-fluid models and gain deeper
understanding of the physical aspects of these solutions. We achieve this by
combining the state space description of the homothetic approach with the use
of the physically interesting quantities arising in the comoving approach. We
focus on three types of models. First, we consider models that are natural
inhomogeneous generalizations of the Friedmann Universe; such models are
asymptotically Friedmann in their past and evolve fluctuations in the energy
density at later times. Second, we consider so-called quasi-static models. This
class includes models that undergo self-similar gravitational collapse and is
important for studying the formation of naked singularities. If naked
singularities do form, they have profound implications for the predictability
of general relativity as a theory. Third, we consider a new class of
asymptotically Minkowski self-similar spacetimes, emphasizing that some of them
are associated with the self-similar solutions associated with the critical
behaviour observed in recent gravitational collapse calculations.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure
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