Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis Among Adult PLWHA at Public Health Facilities of Hawassa City

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequently diagnosed opportunistic infection (OI) and disease in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), world-wide. This study aimed at determining the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among people living with HIV.A Six year retrospective follow up study was conducted among adult PLHIV. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors.A total of 554 patients were followed and produced 1830.3 person year of observation. One hundred sixty one new TB cases occurred during the follow up period. The overall incidence density of TB was 8.79 per 100 person-year (PY). It was high (148.71/100 PY) in the first year of enrolment. The cumulative proportion of TB free survival was 79% and 67% at the end of first and sixth years, respectively. Not having formal education(AHR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.41, 5.11 ), base line WHO clinical stage IV (AHR = 3.22, 95% CI=1.91-5.41), CD4 count <50 cell/ul (AHR=2.41, 95%CI=1.31, 4.42), Being bed redden (AHR= 2.89, 95%CI=1.72, 3.78), past TB history (AHR=1.65, 95% CI = 1.06,2.39), substance use (AHR=1.46, 95% CI=1.03,2.06) and being on pre ART (AHR=1.62, 95%CI:1.03-2.54 ) were independently predicted tuberculosis occurrence. Advanced WHO clinical stage, limited functional status, past TB history, addiction and low CD4 (<50cell/ul) count at enrollment were found to be the independent predictor of tuberculosis occurrence. Therefore early initiation of treatment and intensive follow up is important

Keragaan Organ Source Dua Varietas Bayam Cabut pada Variasi Media Tanam Arang Sekam

This study aims to determine the source organ performance of two spinach varieties in some planting media variation of charcoal husk. Research conducted at the Green House of Agricultural Faculty of Muhammadiyah University for four months starting in May-August 2012. The research was arrangged by Randomized Completely Block Design and each treatment was repeated three times. The study consisted of two factors: First, the varieties of spinach (V), consists of two varieties of the Maestro (V1) and Bisi (V2). Second, the addition of charcoal husk (A), consisting of A0 (without a charcoal husk / soil media only), A1 (given the husk charcoal at 25%), A2 (husk charcoal as much as 50%) and A3 (husk charcoal in 75%). The results showed that there was no difference between the source organ performance Maestro spinach varieties with varieties Bisi, husk charcoal dose needs to be added to spinach plants have best performance of source organs is 25% media volume, although this is not significantly different with only soil media and there was no significant interaction between type of spinach with a dose of charcoal husk of source organ performance of Maestro and Bisi spinach varieties

Development of the Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment – Revised (GCPLA-R).

A sufficiently psychometrically robust measure of community and leisure participation of adults with intellectual disabilities was not in existence, despite research identifying this as an important outcome and a key contributor to quality of life. The current study aimed to update the Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment (GCPLA). Adults with intellectual disabilities, carers and experts were consulted in creating a revised pool of 46 items. These were then tested and data from 326 adults with intellectual disabilities were analysed for their component structure and psychometric properties. Principal Component analysis discovered a stable set of components describing seven different clusters. This revised measure (the GCPLA-R) was demonstrated to have satisfactory reliability, and scores were related to challenging behaviour and adaptive behaviour in theoretically consistent ways and were correlated with scores on comparable measures

Dynamic Creep Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Fibre

Permanent deformation is one of the distress that develops gradually as the number of load applications increases and appears as longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths and small upheavals to the sides. For this reason, numerous studies conducted on modification asphalt binder or mixture by various fibre. This paper presents the evaluation of creep modulus and permanent deformation of modified asphalt mixture with fibres. In order to envisage the modified asphalt mixture, Forta-fi, Kenaf and PET was blended to estimate the creep properties and rut depth value at different loading pattern. Superpave mix design method was employed with NMAS 12.5mm to obtain the optimum bitumen content established at 4% air void. In the respect, bitumen 60/70 penetration grade with 0.5% of Forta-Fi, 0.1% Kenaf fibre and 0.5% PET by weight of asphalt mixture were prepared. Dynamic Creep Test was performed in accordance to the EN 12697-25:2005 guidelines using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). As the result, the minimum value of permanent deformation was found at 0.5% of PET. Based on these studies, adding a minimum percent of PET in the asphalt mixture shows a better resistance to rutting deformation and enable a better understanding of the properties in modified asphalt mixtures

Dynamic Creep Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Fibre

Permanent deformation is one of the distress that develops gradually as the number of load applications increases and appears as longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths and small upheavals to the sides. For this reason, numerous studies conducted on modification asphalt binder or mixture by various fibre. This paper presents the evaluation of creep modulus and permanent deformation of modified asphalt mixture with fibres. In order to envisage the modified asphalt mixture, Forta-fi, Kenaf and PET was blended to estimate the creep properties and rut depth value at different loading pattern. Superpave mix design method was employed with NMAS 12.5mm to obtain the optimum bitumen content established at 4% air void. In the respect, bitumen 60/70 penetration grade with 0.5% of Forta-Fi, 0.1% Kenaf fibre and 0.5% PET by weight of asphalt mixture were prepared. Dynamic Creep Test was performed in accordance to the EN 12697-25:2005 guidelines using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). As the result, the minimum value of permanent deformation was found at 0.5% of PET. Based on these studies, adding a minimum percent of PET in the asphalt mixture shows a better resistance to rutting deformation and enable a better understanding of the properties in modified asphalt mixtures

Thermodynamic parameter for steam reforming reaction of biodiesel by-product using nano-sized perovskite catalysts

The catalytic steam reforming of biodiesel by-product (glycerol) GSR for hydrogen production was carried out using perovskite nano-catalysts (LaNiO3 and LaCoO3).The two catalysts were prepared by the reverse microemulsion method and characterized by XRD, by TG/DTA, BET and HRTEM. Equilibrium product compositions of GSR reaction were determined at different reaction temperature (400-700oC) with glycerol: water molar ratio 1: 10 in a fixed-bed flow system under atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium constant and thermodynamics parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) were calculated. The results revealed that, the conversion of the glycerol gradually increases with reaction temperature until reached 100% at temperature 700oC. LaNiO3 show higher gas product than LaCoO3 at the same reaction temperature. Moreover, H2 yield increased from 0.11 to 3.15 for LaNiO3 and 0.01 to 1.33 for LaCoO3. On the other hand, LaCoO3 provided more deactivation resistant along to 16h than LaNiO3. XRD analysis of spent catalysts revealed the presence of La2O2CO3 phase. On using LaNiO3, the produced product at 700oC was found to have a moderate calorific value (284.706 Btu/ft3) as compared to highcalorific value on using LaCoO3 (434.785 Btu/ft3) at 600oC due to the low yield of CO2 (15 mol %)