The role of TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene polymorphisms in the development of sepsis in children with severe burns

Recently, many studies are based on the study of innate immunity genes, namely the role of TLRs in the development of various diseases. Severe burn injury is characterized by the development of hyperimmune reactions, which further leads to the development of multiple organ complications and sepsis. The aim of our study was to identify the frequency and prognostic value of polymorphism of TLR-2 Arg753Gln and TLR-4 Thr399 Ile genes and their role in the development of sepsis and MOD in children with severe burns. Materials and methods: genetic analysis of TLR-2 Arg 753 Gln and TLR-4 Thr399 Ile gene polymorphisms was performed in children with severe and extremely severe burns (n ​​= 22) who were treated in the anesthesiology department with intensive care beds. Results: as a result of the obtained data, the heterozygous genotype TLR-2 Arg 753 Gln was detected in 69.5% (n = 16), in 31.8% (n = 7) patients with burn injury polymorphism was not detected. In 13.6% (n = 3) cases, polymorphism was associated with sepsis and MOD. Sepsis and normal homozygous genotype were diagnosed in 4.5% (n = 1). Heterozygous genotype TLR-4 Thr399 Ile was observed in 18.2% (n = 4) patients, of which only 4.5% (n = 1) patients had polymorphism associated with sepsis and MOD. Analysis of the association of TLR 2 genotypes and markers of acute inflammation revealed statistically significant differences between the heterozygous TLR 2 Arg 753 Gln genotype and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the blood of patients on day 3 of burn disease. Conclusions: The study of the role of innate immune system genes is promising in predicting the development of sepsis and complications in severe burns and requires further careful study

Early light curves for Type Ia supernova explosion models

Upcoming high-cadence transient survey programmes will produce a wealth of observational data for Type Ia supernovae. These data sets will contain numerous events detected very early in their evolution, shortly after explosion. Here, we present synthetic light curves, calculated with the radiation hydrodynamical approach Stella for a number of different explosion models, specifically focusing on these first few days after explosion. We show that overall the early light curve evolution is similar for most of the investigated models. Characteristic imprints are induced by radioactive material located close to the surface. However, these are very similar to the signatures expected from ejecta-CSM or ejecta-companion interaction. Apart from the pure deflagration explosion models, none of our synthetic light curves exhibit the commonly assumed power-law rise. We demonstrate that this can lead to substantial errors in the determination of the time of explosion. In summary, we illustrate with our calculations that even with very early data an identification of specific explosion scenarios is challenging, if only photometric observations are available.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRA

Self-induced tunable transparency in layered superconductors

We predict a novel nonlinear electromagnetic phenomenon in layered superconducting slabs irradiated from one side by an electromagnetic plane wave. We show that the reflectance and transmittance of the slab can vary over a wide range, from nearly zero to one, when changing the incident wave amplitude. Thus changing the amplitude of the incident wave can induce either the total transmission or reflection of the incident wave. In addition, the dependence of the superconductor transmittance on the incident wave amplitude has an unusual hysteretic behavior with jumps. This remarkable nonlinear effect (self-induced transparency) can be observed even at small amplitudes, when the wave frequency $\omega$ is close to the Josephson plasma frequency $\omega_J$.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Features of disease course of some forms of herpesvirus infection

Among the many factors that directly affect the immune system, infections caused by the herpes virus deserve special attention. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients suffering from chronic recurrent herpesvirus infections, which in many cases are accompanied by severe general malaise and a number of therapeutic complaints. Today about 80-95% of the population is infected with Epstein-Barr virus EBV. Primary infection of EBV leads to lifelong persistence of the pathogen with possible periodic reactivation under the action of various immunosuppressive factors, which leads to chronic forms of the disease. EBV can cause chronic manifest and erased forms of the disease, running on the type of chronic mononucleosis. Thus, the study of the nature of clinical and laboratory changes in patients with chronic EBV infection and the peculiarities of the disease is an urgent problem of our time. The aim of this work was to study the features of the course of chronic EBV infection. We performed a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 128 patients with chronic EBV infection (reactivation period). The diagnosis of chronic EBV infection was established on the basis of medical history, complaints, the presence of specific antibodies to EBV antigens and the detection of virus DNA in the blood. Studies of clinical blood tests of patients with chronic EBV infection and the control group showed differences. Thus, in patients with chronic EBV infection, a significantly elevated ESR level was found - 12.6 ± 1.8 versus 4.5 ± 1.1 inthe control group (p <0.05). The levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and platelets did not differ significantly from the control group. In patients with chronic EBV infection, there was a decrease in the level of leukocytes (5.13 ± 0.22) x 109/ l against (6.20 ± 1.8) x 109/l in the control group (p> 0.05), but these changes did not go beyond the norms established for healthy people. Analysis of the leukocyte formula revealed the presence of patients with chronic WEB infection with a significant increase in the relative content of lymphocytes - 42.50 ± 2.0% against 33.70 ± 2.68% (p <0.05) and monocytes - 11.15 ± 0.9% vs. 3.0 ± 0.6% (p <0.05), which was the basis for confirming the presence of a chronic infectious process. In general, 94.8% of patients with chronic EBV infection had lymphocytosis and 82.5% had monocytosis. The relative number of neutrophils in patients with chronic WEB infection averaged 45.35 ± 4.1% against 61.7 ± 3.8% in the control group (p <0.05); the relative number of eosinophils and basophils was within normal limits. When studying the absolute number of lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with chronic EBV infection, there was a tendency to increase them and their level was on average (2.13 ± 0.7) x 109/ l and (0.51 ± 0.08) x 109/ l against (2.39 ± 0.7) x 109/ l and (0.47 ± 0.08) x 109/ l in the control group (p> 0.05). The absolute number of neutrophils in patients with chronic WEB infection was significantly lower than in the control group and was 2.70 x 109/ l versus 4.21 x 109/ l (p <0.05). The study of the absolute number of eosinophils and basophils in patients with chronic EBV infection did not reveal statistically significant differences compared with the control group. Thus, according to the results of our study, we found that patients with chronic EBV infection among the clinical manifestations were most often chronic tonsillitis, chronic fatigue syndrome and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Analysis of the results of laboratory studies revealed a significant increase in ESR, relative lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as a decrease in absolute and relative neutrophils, compared with the control group of patients, indicating a shift in white blood cell count, characteristic of the viral etiology of the disease what associated with the EBV.DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.403896

Optimization method for PSA-based multi-level regenerators

We develop an analytical methodology for optimizing phase regeneration based on phase sensitive amplification. The results demonstrate the scalability of the scheme and show the significance of simultaneous optimization of transfer function and the signal alphabet

Дослідження гіполіпідемічних властивостей естракту імбиру на моделі цукрового діабету 2 типу, індукованого дексаметазоном

Aim. To study experimentally the hypolipidemic properties of Ginger extract against the background of type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods. The study of the hypolipidemic properties of Ginger extract was performed by the lipid metabolism indices on the model of type 2 diabetes induced by dexamethasone in rats aged 18 months.Results and discussion. Experimental type 2 diabetes was accompanied with disorder of the lipid metabolism, it was confirmed by the increase of the content triacylglycerides, atherogenic apoB-lipoproteins with simultaneous reduction of high-density lipoproteins and increased release of free fatty acids from the adipose tissue. Under the effect of Ginger extract in the doses of 50 and 80 mg/kg the level of free fatty acids in the blood serum decreased by 38.4 % and 38.9 %, probably due to correction of insulin resistance manifestations and preservation of the insulin control effect on lipolysis. The reliable inhibition of hypertriacylglycerolemia severity by Ginger extract in the dose of 80 mg/kg by 35.1% correlated with a decrease of apoB-LP production in the liver, and it indicated correction of diabetic dyslipidemia. At the same time, the level of the antiatherogenic fraction – high-density lipoproteins – significantly increased by 26.1 and 29.5 % under the effect of the extract in the doses of 50 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, compared to the values of animals of the control pathology. Ginger extract in the dose of 80 mg/kg showed a more expressive ability to normalize the lipid metabolism at the level of the reference drug – “Arphasetin” herbal medicinal product.Conclusions. Introduction of Ginger extract for 14 days in the doses of 50 and 80 mg/kg on the model of type 2 diabetes induced by dexamethasone was accompanied with a reliable normalization of the lipid metabolism. The use of Ginger extract in the dose of 80 mg/kg is most pronounced at the level of the reference drug – “Arphasetin” herbal medicinal product, corrected the pathological changes in the lipid metabolism characteristic for type 2 diabetes. It allows making a conclusion concerning the feasibility of further studies of the extract exactly in this dose and the prospects of its use as an antiatherogenic drug in the complex treatment of type 2 diabetes.Цель – экспериментальное исследование гиполипидемических свойств экстракта имбиря на фоне СД 2 типа.Материалы и методы. Исследование гиполипидемических свойств экстракта имбиря проводили по показателям липидного обмена на модели СД 2 типа, индуцированного дексаметазоном у крыс 18-месячного возраста.Результаты и их обсуждение. Экспериментальный СД 2 типа сопровождался нарушением липидного обмена, что подтверждалось ростом триацилглицеридов, содержания атерогенных апоВ-липопротеинов при одновременном снижении липопротеинов высокой плотности и усилении высвобождения свободных жирных кислот из жировой ткани. Под влиянием экстракта имбиря в дозах 50 и 80 мг/кг снижался уровень свободных жирных кислот в сыворотке крови на 38,4 % и 38,9 %, вероятно, вследствие коррекции проявлений инсулинорезистентности и сохранения управляющего воздействия инсулина на липолиз. Достоверное подавление выраженности гипертриацилглицеролемии экстрактом имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг на 35,1 % коррелировало с уменьшением продукции апоВ-ЛП в печени, что свидетельствовало о коррекции диабетической дислипидемии. При этом уровень антиатерогенной фракции – липопротеинов высокой плотности достоверно повышался на 26,1 и 29,5 % под влиянием экстракта в дозах 50 и 80 мг/кг соответственно по сравнению с показателями животных контрольной патологии. Экстракт имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг проявил более выразительную способность нормализовать показатели липидного обмена на уровне препарата сравнения сбора «Арфазетин».Выводы. Введение экстракта имбиря в течение 14-ти суток в дозах 50 и 80 мг/кг на модели СД 2 типа, индуцированного дексаметазоном, сопровождалось достоверной нормализацией липидного обмена. Применение экстракта имбиря в дозе 80 мг/кг, наиболее выраженное на уровне препарата сравнения сбора «Арфазетин», корректировало патологические изменения метаболизма липидов, характерные для СД 2 типа, что позволяет сделать вывод о целесообразности дальнейших исследований экстракта именно в этой дозе и перспективности его применения в качестве антиатерогенного средства в комплексном лечении СД 2 типа.Мета – експериментальне дослідження гіполіпідемічних властивостей екстракту імбиру на тлі ЦД 2 типу.Матеріали та методи. Дослідження гіполіпідемічних властивостей екстракту імбиру проводили за показниками ліпідного обміну на моделі ЦД 2 типу, індукованого дексаметазоном у щурів 18-місячного віку.Результати та їх обговорення. Експериментальний ЦД 2 типу супроводжувався порушенням ліпідного обміну, що підтверджувалось зростанням триацилгліцеридів, вмісту атерогенних апоВ-ліпопротеїнів за умови одночасного зниження ліпопротеїнів високої щільності та посиленням вивільнення вільних жирних кислот з жирової тканини. Під впливом екстракту імбиру у дозах 50 та 80 мг/кг знижувався рівень вільних жирних кислот у сироватці крові на 38,4 % та 38,9 %, вірогідно, внаслідок корекції проявів інсулінорезистентності та збереження керуючого впливу інсуліну на ліполіз. Достовірне пригнічення вираженості гіпертриацилгліцеролемії екстрактом імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг на 35,1 % корелювало зі зменшенням продукції апоВ-ЛП у печінці, що свідчило про корекцію діабетичної дисліпідемії. При цьому рівень антиатерогенної фракції – ліпопротеїнів високої щільності достовірно підвищувався на 26,1 та 29,5 % під впливом екстракту у дозах 50 та 80 мг/кг відповідно порівняно з показниками тварин контрольної патології. Екстракт імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг виявив більш виразну здатність нормалізувати показники ліпідного обміну на рівні препарату порівняння збору «Арфазетин». Висновки. Введення екстракту імбиру протягом 14-ти діб у дозах 50 та 80 мг/кг на моделі ЦД 2 типу, індукованого дексаметазоном, супроводжувалось достовірною нормалізацією ліпідного обміну. Застосування екстракту імбиру дозою 80 мг/кг найбільш виражено на рівні препарату порівняння збору «Арфазетин» корегувало патологічні зміни метаболізму ліпідів, характерні для ЦД 2 типу, що дозволяє зробити висновок про доцільність подальших досліджень екстракту саме у цій дозі та перспективність його застосування як антиатерогенного засобу у комплексному лікуванні ЦД 2 типу.

Association study of genetic polymorphisms of vasoactive hormones with the risk of preeclampsia

The present study was designed to investigate an association of genetic polymorphisms of vasoactive hormones with the risk of preeclampsi

The changes in the amino and fatty acid profiles in the semifinished foodstuffs based on broiler meat and components of chicken eggs after different types of thermal treatment

The changes in the amino and fatty acid profiles in the semifinished foodstuffs (SFFs) based on broiler meat and coagulated chicken egg melange after different types of thermal treatment (water or steam boiling, braising, baking, frying) were studied. The amino acid profiles were determined on Knauer analyzer; tryptophan by standard method. The biological value of the treated products was assessed using amino acid balance coefficients calculated by the method of N. N. Lipatov. It was found that the changes in the initial amino acid profiles of the SFFs were the least after water and steam boiling; braising and baking were found to increase the contents of the essential amino acids. The amino acid profiles in the treated SFFs were close to the reference values. The best criteria of their biological value (coefficient of rationality of amino acid composition, comparable redundance) were found after water and steam boiling. It was found that all types of thermal treatments insignificantly affected the parameters of fatty acid balance within the SFFs; the changes found were primarily related to slight increase in total content of saturated fatty acids and increase in total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in compare to initial profiles, by 2.64–3.88% depending on the treatment type. The changes in ω‑6/ω‑3 PUFAs ratios were more substantial especially after braisin

Performance limits in optical communications due to fiber nonlinearity

In this paper, we review the historical evolution of predictions of the performance of optical communication systems. We will describe how such predictions were made from the outset of research in laser based optical communications and how they have evolved to their present form, accurately predicting the performance of coherently detected communication systems