11,474 research outputs found
Classical solutions in five dimensional induced matter theory and its relation to an imperfect fluid
We study five dimensional cosmological models with four dimensional
hypersufaces of the Bianchi type I and V. In this way the five dimensional
vacuum field equations , led us to four dimensional matter
equations and the matter is interpreted as a purely
geometrical property of a fifth dimension. Also, we find that the
energy-momentum tensor induced from the fifth dimension has the structure of an
imperfect fluid that has dissipative terms.Comment: 16 pages, latex, no figure
Crystal structure of the N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Alanyl-Phenylalanyl-methyl ester: the importance of the H-bonding pattern
Large crystals of the methyl ester of the N-a-benzyloxycarbonyl protected Ala-Phe dipeptide (Z-AF-OMe) were obtained after the very slow evaporation of a solution of the corresponding carboxylic acid (Z-AF-OH) in methanol containing an excess of HCl. The structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 5.0655(6) Å, b = 8.4614(8) Å, c = 46.856(5) Å, V = 2008.3(4) Å3, Z = 4. In the crystal, the molecules form hydrogen bonded chains running along the a axis of the unit cell. Other secondary interactions are also discussed
A vaccine formulated with the major outer membrane protein can protect C3H/HeN, a highly susceptible strain of mice, from a Chlamydia muridarum genital challenge.
C3H/HeN female mice were vaccinated with native Chlamydia muridarum major outer membrane protein (MOMP), using Montanide+CpG or Alum+CpG as adjuvants. Negative control groups were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and the same adjuvants. As positive control, mice were inoculated intranasally with live Chlamydia. Mice were challenged in the ovarian bursa with 10(5) C. muridarum inclusion forming units. Six weeks after the genital challenge the animals were caged with male mice and monitored for pregnancy. Mice vaccinated with MOMP+Montanide+CpG developed high levels of C. muridarum-specific antibodies, with a high IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and neutralizing titres. Animals immunized using Alum+CpG had low antibody levels. Cellular immune responses were significantly higher in mice vaccinated with MOMP and Montanide+CpG, but not with Alum+CpG, when compared with negative controls. Following the genital challenge, only 20% (4/20) of mice vaccinated with MOMP+CpG+Montanide had positive vaginal cultures whereas 100% (9/9) of mice immunized with MOMP+CpG+Alum had positive cultures. Of the positive control animals inoculated with live Chlamydia only 15% (3/20) had positive vaginal cultures. In contrast, 100% (20/20) of mice immunized with OVA+CpG+Montanide, or minimal essential medium, had positive cultures. Following mating, 80% (16/20) of mice vaccinated with MOMP+CpG+Montanide, and 85% (17/20) of animals inoculated intranasally with live C. muridarum carried embryos in both uterine horns. No protection against infertility was observed in mice immunized with MOMP and CpG+Alum or OVA. In conclusion, this is the first time that a subunit vaccine has been shown to elicit a protective immune response in the highly susceptible C3H/HeN strain of mice against an upper genital challenge
Semiclassical propagator of the Wigner function
Propagation of the Wigner function is studied on two levels of semiclassical
propagation, one based on the van-Vleck propagator, the other on phase-space
path integration. Leading quantum corrections to the classical Liouville
propagator take the form of a time-dependent quantum spot. Its oscillatory
structure depends on whether the underlying classical flow is elliptic or
hyperbolic. It can be interpreted as the result of interference of a
\emph{pair} of classical trajectories, indicating how quantum coherences are to
be propagated semiclassically in phase space. The phase-space path-integral
approach allows for a finer resolution of the quantum spot in terms of Airy
functions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Analytical operator solution of master equations describing phase-sensitive processes
We present a method of solving master equations which may describe, in their
most general form, phase sensitive processes such as decay and amplification.
We make use of the superoperator technique.Comment: 10 pages, LaTex, 3 figures, accepted for publication in International
Journal of Modern Physics
Quasi-relativistic behavior of cold atoms in light fields
We study the influence of three laser beams on the center of mass motion of
cold atoms with internal energy levels in a tripod configuration. We show that
similar to electrons in graphene the atomic motion can be equivalent to the
dynamics of ultra-relativistic two-component Dirac fermions. We propose and
analyze an experimental setup for observing such a quasi-relativistic motion of
ultracold atoms. We demonstrate that the atoms can experience negative
refraction and focussing by Veselago-type lenses. We also show how the chiral
nature of the atomic motion manifests itself as an oscillation of the atomic
internal state population which depends strongly on the direction of the center
of mass motion. For certain directions an atom remains in its initial state,
whereas for other directions the populations undergo oscillations between a
pair of internal states.Comment: 4 pages, updated version, Phys. Rev. A 77, (R)011802 (2008
Characterization of quantum angular-momentum fluctuations via principal components
We elaborate an approach to quantum fluctuations of angular momentum based on
the diagonalization of the covariance matrix in two versions: real symmetric
and complex Hermitian. At difference with previous approaches this is SU(2)
invariant and avoids any difficulty caused by nontrivial commutators.
Meaningful uncertainty relations are derived which are nontrivial even for
vanishing mean angular momentum. We apply this approach to some relevant
states.Comment: 10 pages, Two column. New section II and some clarifying comment
Large quantum nonlinear dynamic susceptibility of single-molecule magnets
The nonlinear dynamical response of Mn single-molecule magnets is
experimentally found to be very large, quite insensitive to the spin-lattice
coupling constant, and displaying peaks reversed with respect to classical
superparamagnets. It is shown that these features are caused by the strong
field dependence of the relaxation rate due to the detuning of energy levels
between which tunneling takes place. The nonlinear susceptibility technique,
previously overlooked, is thus proposed as a privileged probe to ascertain the
occurrence of quantum effects in mesoscopic magnetic systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Mono-parametric quantum charge pumping: interplay between spatial interference and photon-assisted tunneling
We analyze quantum charge pumping in an open ring with a dot embedded in one
of its arms. We show that cyclic driving of the dot levels by a \textit{single}
parameter leads to a pumped current when a static magnetic flux is
simultaneously applied to the ring. Based on the computation of the
Floquet-Green's functions, we show that for low driving frequencies ,
the interplay between the spatial interference through the ring plus
photon-assisted tunneling gives an average direct current (dc) which is
proportional to . The direction of the pumped current can be
reversed by changing the applied magnetic field.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.
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