An Exploration of the Relationship between Religiousness and Treatment Seeking Trends among College Students

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between levels of religiousness and students’ openness to seeking treatment for mental health disorders in college‐aged students at a small private university. A total of 141 complete surveys were collected from students. Each participant completed the Fetzer Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness/Spirituality for Use in Health Research along with an eight‐question survey assessing willingness to seek treatment for mental disorders. The results were analyzed to find the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient to determine correlation. Results show a significant correlation between levels of religiousness and willingness to seek treatment for three of the eight questions. These correlations show that those who have higher levels of spirituality are more open to seeking professional diagnosis and treatment for mental health disorders than those with lower levels of spiritualty. It was also found that those with a higher level of spirituality are likely to seek counseling for a mental disorder from clergymen or pastor before seeking professional medical help. Another finding was that level of spirituality does not affect whether participants would recommend that others seek treatment for a mental health disorder, seek spiritual improvement to combat mental health disorders, believe that mental health disorders are private spiritual matters, or believe that mental health problems are caused by spiritual warfare. Limitations of the study are that it was performed only using college students, and while multiple Christian denominations were included in the survey, none of the respondents were from any religion other than Christianity

Chemical heterogeneity of glaciofluvial deposits: Outcrop study and implications for reactive transport

Spatial variations in the reactive properties of geologic systems and their influence on contaminant transport are poorly understood. Consequently, an outcrop study was conducted in a glaciofluvial deposit in Deerfield, New Hampshire in order to: (1) identify the sediment properties controlling heavy metal adsorption, (2) evaluate the extent to which geologic information can be used to characterize their spatial variation, and (3) assess the impact of spatial variations on heavy metal transport. Four hundred seventy-six, spatially-located sediment samples were collected from an eight square meter vertical exposure of outwash sands and gravels. Lithologic facies were mapped on outcrop photographs. Sample color, permeability, porosity, grain size, surface area, lead (Pb2+) sorption, carbon content, magnetic mineral content, and dithionite citrate-extractable iron, manganese, and aluminum content were measured in the laboratory. Fifty-seven percent of the variation in Pb2+ sorption can be explained by a linear combination of sediment permeability and extractable iron, manganese, and aluminum, indicating that Pb2+ sorption is controlled by (hydr)oxide grain coatings. Reactive surface area, estimated from sample grain size and (hydr)oxide mass together with observations of grain coating morphology and numerical abundance, accounts for 65 percent of the sorption variation. Three sorption-related properties: permeability, extractable iron, and extractable manganese are strongly related to sediment facies and/or color and thus can be mapped over a wide range of spatial scales. Differences in the geometries of iron and manganese enrichment, petrographic observations, and SEM-EDS analyses indicate the grain coatings originated from the post-depositional weathering of biotite and garnet, coupled with local, redox-driven redistribution of the liberated iron and manganese. Numerical simulations show that spatial variations in (hydr)oxide grain coatings increase plume mobility and dispersion when the spatial scale of the heterogeneity is similar to the scale of the problem. Overall, the outcrop study findings suggest that Pb2+ partition coefficients can be estimated from relatively simple and inexpensive measurements of permeability and dithionite-citrate extractable metals. The results further suggest that information regarding sediment facies and color can help produce more efficient and geologically realistic descriptions of chemical heterogeneity

The Application of the Psychophysical Law to the United States Army Officer Efficiency Reporting System

Statement of the Problem: In rendering the United States Army Officer Efficiency Report, the rater is required to describe in narrative form the performance of the ratee. Too, the rater must express quantitatively his overall evaluation of the performance by placing the ratee in an adjectival, quantitative category. Army regulations declare it is imperative that the rater be consistent in these two portions of the report and that the categorical rating be justified by the narrative description. Clearly some measure of consistency or justification is needed, yet none is prescribed or even suggested. Apart from the above two evaluations, the Army rater is required to make a categorical evaluation of the ratee\u27s personal qualities such as ambition, stamina, and dependability. The rater is instructed to evaluate personal qualities and manner of performance separately, not allowing personal qualities to affect the numerical overall demonstrated performance score. The following hypotheses are to be tested by this thesis: (1) that a power function describes the relationship between observation of performance as narratively described and the overall demonstrated performance score; (2) that this function obtains regardless of whether the overall, quantitative evaluation is a response to observation of actual performance or a response to a written set of performance specimens which describe a hypothetical performance; and, (3) that the degree to which the ratee is deemed by the rater to possess or lack specified personal qualities has an effect on the quantitative overall demonstrated performance score

Oxidative Stress Response to Short Duration Bout of Submaximal Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Young Adults

The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress response to a short duration bout of submaximal exercise in a cohort of healthy young adults. 15 apparently healthy college age males and females completed a modified Bruce-protocol treadmill test to 75–80% of their heart rate reserve. Blood samples collected immediately before (pre-exercise), immediately after, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post-exercise were assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide disumutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyls (PC). SOD activity was significantly increased from pre-exercise levels at 30 minutes (77%), 60 minutes (33%), and 120 minutes (37%) post-exercise. TAC levels were also significantly increased from pre-exercise levels at 60 minutes (30%) and 120 minutes (33%) post-exercise. There were no significant changes in biomarkers for reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) mediated damage (TBARS and PC) across all post-exercise time points. In a cohort of healthy young adults, a short duration bout of submaximal aerobic exercise elicited increases in antioxidant activity/concentration, but did not evoke changes in oxidative stress-induced damage. These results may suggest that: (1) short duration bouts of submaximal aerobic exercise are sufficient to induce RONS generation; and (2) the antioxidant defense system is capable of protecting against enhanced RONS production induced by a short duration, submaximal exercise bout in healthy young adults

A qualitative exploration of the parenting experiences of ex-military fathers diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

The experience of post-traumatic stress has been implicated in adverse outcomes for trauma-exposed parents and their children. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how ex-military service (veteran) fathers who had received a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience and make sense of parenthood, their role as a father, and the parent-child relationship. Ten ex-military fathers from the UK who had been diagnosed with PTSD engaged in interviews which were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The analysis resulted in four themes; ‘Not always being the father I want to be’, ‘Striving to protect’, ‘Developing insight and understanding’, and ‘Protective influence of children’. These themes captured participants’ experiences of the perceived negative impact of PTSD symptoms on parenting and an evolving view of the self as a parent in relation to this, taking action to protect children from distress and harm, the importance of developing insights and understanding both personally and within parent-child relationships, and the distracting and motivating influence of children and enjoyment of the parenting role despite the challenges experienced in the context of a PTSD diagnosis. Findings are discussed in relation to the extant literature, and clinical and research implications are outlined

Scale on Wire Rod and its Removal by Mechanical Means

The rod from Which plain carbon steel wire is produced is normally supplied in the original rolled condition with its scale attached. As a preliminary to the succ-essful drawing of the rod down to wire, it is essential to remove this scale. The traditional method of removal has been to pickle the rod coils by submerging them in solutions of dilute acid. In recent years one has seen developments introduced to achieve mechanical scale removal

Symplectic algorithm for constant-pressure molecular dynamics using a Nose-Poincare thermostat

We present a new algorithm for isothermal-isobaric molecular-dynamics simulation. The method uses an extended Hamiltonian with an Andersen piston combined with the Nos'e-Poincar'e thermostat, recently developed by Bond, Leimkuhler and Laird [J. Comp. Phys., 151, (1999)]. This Nos'e-Poincar'e-Andersen (NPA) formulation has advantages over the Nos'e-Hoover-Andersen approach in that the NPA is Hamiltonian and can take advantage of symplectic integration schemes, which lead to enhanced stability for long-time simulations. The equations of motion are integrated using a Generalized Leapfrog Algorithm and the method is easy to implement, symplectic, explicit and time reversible. To demonstrate the stability of the method we show results for test simulations using a model for aluminum.Comment: 7 page

Episodic medication adherence in adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV: a within-participants approach

Due to the success of antiretroviral (ART) medications, young people living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV+) are now surviving into adolescence and young adulthood. Understanding factors influencing ART non-adherence in this group is important in developing effective adherence interventions. Most studies of ART adherence in HIV-positive populations assess differences in adherence levels and adherence predictors between participants, over a period of time (global adherence). Many individuals living with HIV, however, including PHIV+ young people, take medication inconsistently. To investigate this pattern of adherence, a within-participants design, focussing on specific episodes of adherence and non-adherence, is suitable (episodic adherence). A within-participants design was used with 29 PHIV+ young people (17 female, median age 17 years, range 14–22 years), enrolled in the UK Adolescents and Adults Living with Perinatal HIV cohort study. Participants were eligible if they could identify one dose of medication taken and one dose they had missed in the previous two months. For each of the two episodes (one adherent, one non-adherent), behavioural factors (whom they were with, location, routine, day, reminders) and psychological factors at the time of the episode (information about medication, adherence motivation, perceived behavioural skills to adhere to medication – derived from the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) Model – and affect) were assessed in a questionnaire. Non-adherence was significantly associated with weekend days (Friday to Sunday versus Monday to Thursday, p = .001), lack of routine (p = .004), and being out of the home (p = .003), but not with whom the young person was with or whether they were reminded to take medication. Non-adherence was associated with lower levels of behavioural skills (p < .001), and lower positive affect (p = .005). Non-adherence was not significantly associated with negative affect, information about ART, or ART motivation. The use of situationally specific strategies to enhance adherence in young people who take their medication inconsistently is proposed

The Bryozoan Fistulipora Candida from the Ames Limestone (Conemaugh) of Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, and Department of Geology, Ohio UniversityThe bryozoan Fistulipora Candida (Moore & Dudley, 1944) has been found at two localities in the Ames Limestone; no other occurrences of massive bryozoans have been reported from Pennsylvanian rocks in Ohio. These occurrences suggest a possible correlation of the Ames Limestone with the Coal Creek Limestone (Virgilian Series) in the Western Interior Basin