Intriguing Properties and Applications of Functional Magnetic Materials

Functional magnetic materials, also called the smart materials of the future, are a group of materials having important and interesting physical properties, which can be affected when an external magnetic field is applied. They are intriguing models that have a strong impact on improving different technologies. Their magnetic response to an external magnetic field can be represented as paramagnetic, diamagnetic, ferromagnetic, or antiferromagnetic. Compared with bulk materials, they show uncommon magnetic behavior as a result of their surface/interface effects, electronic charge transfer, and magnetic interactions. They can be used in different vital applications like data storage systems, refrigeration, magnetic recording, and medical studies. In this chapter, essential attractive magnetic properties that are relevant to different applications will be explained

Validated Sensitive Spectrophotometric methods for Determination of Carvedilol and Nebivolol HCl in dosage forms.

A simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of two antihypertensive drugs namely, carvedilol and nebivolol hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. Method (I) is based on the formation of a binary complex between the studied drugs and eosin Y in presence of tween 80 at (pH 3.0).The formed complex exhibited maximum absorption at 545 nm for carvedilol and 543 nm for nebivolol. The concentration plots were rectilinear over concentration range of 0.5-5 and 1-7 µg/mL with lower detection limits of 0.09 and 0.11µg/mL and lower quantitation limits of 0.28 and 0 .34 µg/mL for carvedilol and nebivolol respectively. Method (II) is based on the reaction of studied drugs through their secondary amino groups with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) at pH 8 to form yellow colored reaction products peaking at 383 nm and 390 nm for carvedilol and nebivolol, respectively. The absorbance-concentration plots were rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 5-30 and 4-28 µg/ mLwith the lower detection limits of 0.48 and 0.51 µg/mL and the lower quantitation limits of 1.45 and 1.54 µg/mL for cavredilol and nebivolol respectively. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the formed complex and reaction products were carefully studied and optimized for both methods. Both methods were successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in their dosage forms

Noni leaf and black tea enhance bone regeneration in estrogen-deficient rats

Objective: Black tea and Nonileaf are among the dietary compounds that can benefit patients with bone resorption disorders. Their bone regeneration effects and their mechanisms were studied in estrogen-deficient rats. Methods: Noni leaves (three doses) and black tea water extracts were fed to ovariectomized rats for 4 mo, and their effects (analyzed via mechanical measurements, micro-computed tomography scan, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction mRNA) were compared with Remifemin (a commercial phytoestrogen product from black cohosh). Results: The water extracts (dose-dependently for noni leaves) increased bone regeneration biomarker (runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteoprotegerin, estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1], collagen type I alpha 1A) expressions and reduced the inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor [NF]-κB, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) mRNA expressions/levels in the rats. The extracts also improved bone physical and mechanical properties. The extracts demonstrated bone regeneration through improving bone size and structure, bone mechanical properties (strength and flexibility), and bone mineralization and density. Conclusions: The catechin-rich extract favored bone regeneration and suppressed bone resorption. The mechanisms involved enhancing osteoblast generation and survival, inhibiting osteoclast growth and activities, suppressing inflammation, improving bone collagen synthesis and upregulating ESR1 expression to augment phytoestrogenic effects. Estrogen deficiency bone loss and all extracts studied (best effect from Morinda leaf at 300 mg/kg body weight) mitigated the loss, indicating benefits for the aged and menopausal women

Micellar liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma

A micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of a binary mixture of norfloxacin and tinidazole (NOR and TIN) in dosage forms and human plasma. The analysis was carried out using a Waters Symmetry® C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size). The running mobile phase consisting of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 0.3 % triethylamine (TEA), 5 % n-propanol, the pH was adjusted to 4 by addition of 0.02 M orthophosphoric acid pumped at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min with UV at 275 nm. Calibration curves were linear over the range 1-28 and 1.5-42 µg/mL for NOR and TIN, respectively. The quantification limits were 0.7 and 1.0 µg /mL for NOR and TIN respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of NOR and TIN in human plasma without prior precipitation of protein. The mean percentage recoveries of bioavailability test in human plasma (n = 3) were 90.31 ± 4.22 and 90.05 ± 1.3 for NOR and TIN, respectively.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Micellar liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma

A micellar liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of a binary mixture of norfloxacin and tinidazole (NOR and TIN) in dosage forms and human plasma. The analysis was carried out using a Waters Symmetry® C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size). The running mobile phase consisting of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), 0.3 % triethylamine (TEA), 5 % n-propanol, the pH was adjusted to 4 by addition of 0.02 M orthophosphoric acid pumped at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min with UV at 275 nm. Calibration curves were linear over the range 1-28 and 1.5-42 µg/mL for NOR and TIN, respectively. The quantification limits were 0.7 and 1.0 µg /mL for NOR and TIN respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of NOR and TIN in human plasma without prior precipitation of protein. The mean percentage recoveries of bioavailability test in human plasma (n = 3) were 90.31 ± 4.22 and 90.05 ± 1.3 for NOR and TIN, respectively.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Silver-Doped Cadmium Selenide/Graphene Oxide-Filled Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green toward Wastewater Treatment

Silver-doped cadmium selenide/graphene oxide (GO) (Ag-CdSe/GO) nanocomposites have been synthesized, loaded in cellulose acetate (CA) to form Ag-CdSe/GO@CA heterostructure nanofibers, and characterized in terms of structural, morphological, photocatalytic properties, among others. The photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) was estimated using cadmium selenide-filled CA (CdSe@CA), silver-doped cadmium selenide-filled CA (Ag-CdSe@CA), cadmium selenide/GO-filled CA (CdSe/GO@CA), and silver-doped cadmium selenide/GO-filled CA (Ag-CdSe/GO@CA) nanocomposite materials. The Ag-CdSe/GO@CA nanocomposites exhibit and retain an enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MG dye. This amended performance is associated with the multifunctional supporting impacts of GO, Ag, and CA on the composite structure and properties. The superior photocatalytic activity is related to the fact that both Ag and GO can act as electron acceptors that boost the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and the loading of the combined nanocomposite (Ag-CdSe@GO) on CA nanofibers, which can augment the adsorption of electrons and holes and facilitate the movement of carriers. The stability of Ag-CdSe/GO@CA nanocomposite photocatalysts demonstrates suitable results even after five recycles. This study establishes an advanced semiconductor-based hybrid nanocomposite material for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Egypt, Grant No. 6510, supported this project financially

Simultaneous determination of sulpiride and mebeverine by HPLC method using fluorescence detection: application to real human plasma

A new simple, rapid and sensitive reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of sulpiride (SUL) and mebeverine Hydrochloride (MEB) in the presence of their impurities and degradation products. The separation of these compounds was achieved within 6 min on a 250 mm, 4.6 mm i.d., 5 m particle size Waters®-C18 column using isocractic mobile phase containing a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.01 M dihydrogenphosphate buffer (45:55) at pH = 4.0. The analysis was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with fluorescence-detection at excitation 300 nm and emission at 365 nm. The concentration-response relationship was linear over a concentration range of 10- 100 ng/mL for both MEB and SUL with a limit of detection 0.73 ng/mL and 0.85 ng/mL for MEB and SUL respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of both MEB and SUL in bulk with average recoveries of 100.22 ± 0.757% and 99.96 ± 0.625% respectively, and in commercial tablets with average recoveries of 100.04 ± 0.93% and 100.03 ± 0.376% for MEB and SUL respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of MEB metabolite (veratic acid) in real plasma simultaneously with SUL. The mean% recoveries (n = 3) for both MEB metabolite (veratic acid) and SUL were 100.36 ± 2.92 and 99.06 ± 2.11 for spiked human plasma respectively. For real human plasma, the mean% recoveries (n = 3) were and respectively

Biogenic Synthesis and Cytotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by White Rot Fungi

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using silver nitrate via the biological route using the culture filtrate of Ganoderma enigmaticum as well as Trametes ljubarskyi white rot fungi materials at room temperature. The proposed synthetic technique was applied for the first time for AgNPs preparation via the biological route through a low-cost pathway, which considered as an adequate direction of preparation compared to the commercial methods. This study reports the in vitro cytotoxic effect of biologically synthesized AgNPs in disposing of the human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) by using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, the viability of the tested cell lines was tested after treatment for 24 h in the presence of the prepared nanoparticles. The obtained results indicated the reduced viability of cancer cell lines with improving concentrations of AgNPs (40-120 mug/mL) at 24 h. Furthermore, at 120 mug/mL concentration, the fungal nanoparticles showed substantial cytotoxic effects toward the treated cells. Consequently, the results designated that the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles have effective behavior for treating A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells from the laboratory experiment approach; however, additional studies are required to validate these results in vivo models as anticancer agents depending on their cytotoxic activit

Fenestrated-branched endovascular repair for distal thoracoabdominal aortic pathology after total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk

Objective: To report the outcomes of fenestrated-branched endovascular repair (FBEVAR) for thoracoabdominal aortic pathology after total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk (TAR+FET). Methods: Interrogation of prospectively maintained databases from four high-volume aortic centers identified consecutive patients treated with distal FBEVAR after prior TAR+FET between August 2013 and September 2020. The primary end point was 30-day/in-hospital mortality. Secondary end points were technical success, early clinical success, midterm survival, and freedom from reintervention. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). Results: A total of 39 patients (21 men; median age, 73 years [67-75 years]) with degenerative (n = 22) and postdissection thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (n = 17) (median diameter, 71 mm [61-78 mm]) were identified. Distal FBEVAR was intended in 27 patients (median interval, 9.8 months [6.2-16.6 months]), anticipated in 7, and unexpected in 5. A total of 31 patients had a two- (n = 24) or three-stage (n = 7) distal FBEVAR. Renovisceral target vessel preservation was 99.3% (145 of 146). Early primary and secondary technical success was 92% and 97%, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 2.6% (n = 1; respiratory failure and spinal cord ischemia [SCI]). Six survivors also developed SCI, which was associated with complete (n = 4) or partial recovery (n = 2) at hospital discharge. No patients required renal replacement therapy or suffered a stroke. Early clinical success was 95%. Median follow-up was 30.5 months (23.7-49.7 months). Eleven patients required 16 late reinterventions. Estimated 3-year survival and freedom from reintervention were 84% ± 6% and 63% ± 10%, respectively. Conclusions: Distal FBEVAR after prior TAR+FET is associated with high technical success and low early mortality. The risk of SCI is significant although the majority of patients demonstrate full or partial recovery before hospital discharge. Midterm patient survival is favorable, but there remains a high requirement for late reintervention. FBEVAR represents an acceptable alternative to distal open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair