ARE THE EFFECTS OF ECOSYSTEM NITROGEN SATURATION, INDUCED BY CHRONIC SIMULATED N DEPOSITION, RAPIDLY REVERSIBLE?

A novel follow-on study examines the recovery of ecosystem processes in 2018, following the cessation of chronic N deposition additions from 1994 to 2017 to a series of northern hardwood forest stands in Michigan. This recovery study focuses on the response to reduced N deposition of dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON) in soil solution and leaf litter N concentration. The findings suggest that even after N treatment to the system had stopped, N saturation was sustained, as soil solution outputs of nitrogen from the system were approximately equal to ambient N deposition inputs. Leaf litter N also remained elevated which could lead to a continuation of many of the other responses associated with elevated N, including elevated DOC leaching. The study sites continue to exhibit effects of N saturated ecosystem during the first year of recovery, but more time will be needed to fully understand the long term recovery effects reduced N inputs to the ecosystems

The use of an aircraft test stand for VTOL handling qualities studies

The VTOL flight tests stand for testing control concepts on the X-14B VSS aircraft in hover, is described. This stand permits realistic and safe piloted evaluation and checkout of various control systems and of parameter variations within each system to determine acceptability to the pilot. Pilots can use it as a practical training tool to practice procedures and flying techniques and become familiar with the aircraft characteristics. Some examples of test experience are given. The test stand allows the X14B to maneuver in hover from centered position + or - 9.7 deg in roll and + or - 9.3 deg in pitch, about + or - 6 deg in yaw, and + or - 15 cm in vertical translation. The unique vertical free flight freedom enables study of liftoffs and landings with power conditions duplicated. The response on the stand agrees well with that measured in free hovering flight, and pilot comments confirm this

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN DIGESTER BIOGAS SEDERHANA BAGI KELOMPOK PKK NEFONAEK

ABSTRAKKelurahan Nefonaek merupakan salah satu kelurahan di Kota Kupang yang padat penduduknya,hal ini sudah tentu berpengaruh besar pada sampah yang dihasilkan. Karena banyaknya sampah yang dihasilkan, maka seringkali masyarakat membuang tidak pada tempatnya. Seperti yang terjadi di Jalan Supul 2, sampah - sampah dibuang oleh masyarakat di tanah kosong depan perumahan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga dan praktek pembuatan digester biogas sederhana. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan ibu – iubu rumah tangga dapat mengolah sampah rumah tangga menggunakan digester biogas sederhana. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian adalah metode ceramah, tanya jawab, diskusi, simulasi dan praktik. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu ibu – ibu kelompok PKK Nefonaek mendapat pengetahuan tentang cara mengelola sampah organik, serta dapat membuat digester biogas sederhana dengan menggunakan bahan yang ada disekitar perumahan. Kata kunci: sampah organik; pengelolaan sampah; digester biogas sederhana. ABSTRACTKelurahan Nefonaek is one of the urban villages in Kupang City which is densely populated, this of course has a big effect on the waste produced. Because of the large amount of waste generated, people often dispose of it inappropriately. As happened on Jalan Supul 2, the community discards garbage on the empty land in front of the housing. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge about household waste management and the practice of making a simple biogas digester. Through this activity, it is hoped that housewives can process household waste using a simple biogas digester. The methods used in the community service are lecture, question and answer, discussion, simulation, and practice methods.The results of this service were that the women of the Nefonaek PKK group got knowledge about how to manage organic waste, and were able to make a simple biogas digester using materials around the housing. Keywords: organic waste; waste management; a simple biogas digester

Serratiopeptidase reduces the invasion of osteoblasts by Staphylococcus aureus

Finding new strategies to counteract periprosthetic infection and implant failure is a main target in orthopedics. Staphylococcus aureus, the leading etiologic agent of orthopedic implant infections, is able to enter and kill osteoblasts, to stimulate pro-inflammatory chemokine secretion, to recruit osteoclasts, and to cause inflammatory osteolysis. Moreover, by entering eukaryotic cells, staphylococci hide from the host immune defenses and shelter from the extracellular antibiotics. Thus, infection persists, inflammation thrives, and a highly destructive osteomyelitis occurs around the implant. The ability of serratiopeptidase (SPEP), a metalloprotease by Serratia marcescens, to control S. aureus invasion of osteoblastic MG-63 cells and pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 secretion was evaluated. Human osteoblast cells were infected with staphylococcal strains in the presence and in the absence of SPEP. Cell proliferation and cell viability were also evaluated. The release of pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 was evaluated after the exposure of the osteoblast cells to staphylococcal strains. The significance of the differences in the results of each test and the relative control values was determined with Student’s t-test. SPEP impairs their invasiveness into osteoblasts, without affecting the viability and proliferation of bone cells, and tones down their production of MCP-1. We recognize SPEP as a potential tool against S. aureus bone infection and destruction

PELATIHAN TEKNIK PEWARNAAN BAGI PENGRAJIN TENUN DESA NEKMESE KECAMATAN AMARASI SELATAN

ABSTRAKKegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan memperkenalkan dan melatih para pengrajin untuk menggunakan teknik pewarnaan celup dengan zat warna napthol, yang dapat menjaga warna tetap awet dan kualitas hasil tenun lebih baik. Kain Tenun NTT memiliki banyak motif yang sangat menarik dan sudah terkenal tidak hanya di Indonesia tetapi juga di Luar Negeri. Untuk mempertahankan kualitas kain tenun, maka pengrajin harus memperhatikan teknik pewarnaan. Selama ini pengrajin tenun Desa Nekmese menggunakan wantex sebagai bahan untuk pewarna, tetapi kelemahannya warna kain tenun akan luntur jika dicuci. Dengan kegiatan pengabdian ini pengrajin mendapat tambahan pengetahuan teknik pewarnaan dengan menggunakan zat warna napthol yang dapat menjaga kualitas warna kain tenun. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan pelatihan dan praktek langsung, sehingga peserta bisa memahami setiap prosesnya serta hasil pengabdian peserta sudah mampu mengalikasikan teknik pewarnaan celup dengan zat warna napthol. Kata kunci: teknik pewarnaan; pengrajin tenun; zat warna napthol. ABSTRACTThis Community Service activity aims to introduce and train craftsmen to use the dyeing technique with naphthol dyes, which can keep the color durable and the quality of the weaving better. NTT Woven Fabrics have many very interesting motifs and are well known not only in Indonesia but also abroad. To maintain the quality of woven fabrics, craftsmen must pay attention to coloring techniques. So far, the weaving craftsmen of Nekmese Village use wantex as a dye, but the weakness is that the color of the woven fabric will fade when washed. With this service activity, craftsmen get additional knowledge of coloring techniques using naphthol dyes that can maintain the color quality of woven fabrics. This service activity is carried out using a training approach and direct practice so that participants can understand each process and the results of the service participants can apply dyeing techniques with naphthol dyes. Keywords: coloring technique; weavers; naphthol dye

GAMBARAN ANATOMI DAN HISTOLOGI GINJAL DAN VESIKA URINARIA PADA MUSANG LUWAK (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) DI PULAU TIMOR

Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) also known as toddy cat or Asian palm civet. Urinary system is a system that plays an important role in cleaning products that are not useful in the body, the cleaning process includes all products that dissolve in the blood, transporting all the material out of the body and also eliminate excess water in the body. The purpose of this research was to observe the structure of the anatomy and histology of kidney and urinary bladder the asian palm civet. Three Asian palm civets were used in this study. Asian palm civets were anaesthetized and perfused then opened the abdomen to observe the anatomy of kidneys and urinary bladder. The anatomy of kidney and urinary bladder representation showed that the asian palm civet had 3 parts: the renal cortex, renal medulla and renal pelvis. The mean length, width and weight of toddy cat kidney was 1.80 ± 0.1 cm, 1.16 ± 0.15 cm and 1.43 ± 0.15 g respectively. Meanwhile, renal histology with Hematoxiline Eosin staining (HE) showed the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, urinary space, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and macula densa. Overview anatomy bladder Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) had conical with a strong and flexible muscles when pulled. The mean length, width and weight of the bladder for urine unallocated was 2.43 ± 0.15 cm, 1.7 ± 0.1 cm, and 1.13 ± 0.2 g respectively. Meanwhile, the bladder looks epithelial histology transisional, longitudional and circular muscle  smooth and connective tissue

PERANCANGAN ALAT PENCACAH SAMPAH PLASTIK SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU ASPAL

AbstrakAlat pencacah sampah plastik merupakan sebuah alat yang berguna untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah dengan cara mendaur ulang menjadi bahan bahan yang memiliki nilai jual untuk masyarakat khususnya di Kota Kupang dan secara tidak langsung membantu perekonomian. Pencacahan sampah plastik sebenarnya sudah dilakukan namun menggunakan cara manual dengan pisau atau benda lainnya. Waktu yang dibutuhkan lebih lama dan produktivitas pengolahan sampah plastik belum maksimal. perancangan Mesin Pencacah sampah plastik bertujuan untuk membantu para pengumpul plastik mengolah sampah plastik menjadi serpihan-serpihan kecil sehingga memudahkan dalam pengepakan dan pengiriman plastik keluar daerah untuk diolah kembali sebagai bahan baku pembuatan aspal. Prinsip kerja dari mesin pencacah secara umum adalah melakukan proses pomotongan rotary dengan pisau sebagai alat potongnya. Kapasitas mesin yang ditentukan 750-watt dengan putaran 2800 rpm, perancangan ini dilakukan dengan metode VDI 2221. Metode VDI 2221 merupakan salah satu metode untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dan mengoptimalkan penggunaan material, teknologi dan keadaan ekonomi.Kata kunci: Alat pencacah sampah plastik; proses pomotongan rotary; Metode VDI 2221 AbstractA Plastic waste chopper is a tool that is useful for reducing the amount of waste by recycling it into materials that have sale value for the community, especially in Kupang City, and indirectly help the economy. Plastic waste shredding has been done but using the manual method with a knife or other object. The time needed is longer and the productivity of plastic waste processing is not maximized. The design of the plastic waste chopping machine aims to help plastic collectors process plastic waste into small pieces so that it makes it easier to pack and send plastic out of the area to be reprocessed as raw material for making asphalt. The working principle of a chopping machine, in general, is to carry out the rotary cutting process with a knife as a cutting tool. The specified engine capacity is 750 watts with a rotation of 2800 rpm, this design is carried out using the VDI 2221 method. The VDI 2221 method is a method to solve problems and optimize the use of materials, technology, and economic conditions.Keywords:A Plastic waste chopper; the rotary cutting process; the VDI 2221 metho

Margin Pemasaran Ikan di Kecamatan Insana Utara Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) fungsi-fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan nelayan dan pedagang perantara; 2) saluran pemasaran ikan; dan 3) margin pemasaran ikan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskripsi kualitatif dan analisis margin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi-fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh petani yakni fungsi penjualan, penyedia fisik dan fungsi informasi pasar. Sedangkan yang dilakukan oleh pedagang pemborong adalah fungsi pembelian, fungsi penjualan, fungsi penyimpanan, fungsi pengangkutan, fungsi pengolahan, fungsi pengadaan fisik, fungsi informasi pasar. Sedangkan fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh pengecer yaitu fungsi pembelian, fungsi penjualan, fungsi penyimpanan, fungsi pengangkutan, fungsi pengolahan, fungsi pengadaan fisik, fungsi grading, fungsi risiko. Terdapat lima saluran pemasaran yakni 1) Nelayan→Konsumen; 2) Nelayan→Pengecer Wini→Konsumen; 3) Nelayan→Pemborong Wini→Pengecer Kefa→Konsumen; 4) Nelayan→Pemborong Kefa→Pengecer Kefa→Konsumen; dan 5) Nelayan→Pemborong Atambua→Pengecer Atambua→Konsumen. Margin pemasaran yang terjadi berbeda-beda di setiap saluran pemasaran yaitu : (a) margin pemasaran ikan pada saluran II sebagai berikut : ikan Tembang Rp 150.000, ikan Kombong Rp 200.000, ikan Nipi Rp 250.000, ikan Tongkol Rp 300.000. (b) margin pemasaran ikan pada saluran III sebagai berikut: di tingkat pemborong ikan Tembang Rp 150.000, ikan Kombong Rp 200.000, ikan Nipi Rp 200.000, ikan Tongkol Rp 200.000, sedangkan pada tingkat pengecer ikan Tembang Rp 205.000, ikan Kombong Rp 180.000,ikan Nipi Rp 210.000, ikan Tongkol Rp 220.000. (c) Margin pemasaran pada saluran ke IV sebagai berikut: di tingkat pemborong ikan Tembang Rp 200.000, ikan Kombong Rp 250.000, ikan Nipi Rp 250.000, ikan Tongkol Rp 200.000, sedangkan di tingkat pengecer ikan Tembang Rp 150.000, ikan Kombong Rp 110.000, ikan Nipi Rp 150.000 dan ikan Tongkol Rp 180.000. (d) margin pemasaran ikan pada saluran V sebagai berikut: di tingkat pemborong ikan Tembang Rp 200.000, ikan Kombong Rp 250.000, ikan Nipi Rp 250.000 dan ikan Tongkol Rp 250.000, sedangkan di tingkat pengecer ikan Tembang Rp 160.000, ikan Kombong Rp 150.000, ikan Nipi Rp 170.000 dan ikan Tongkol Rp 210.000

PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN BANK SAMPAH BAGI KELOMPOK PEDULI KASIH

ABSTRAKKelurahan Oesapa Barat terletak di kecamatan Kelapa Lima yang  berada di pesisir pantai, dan juga merupakan daerah perdagangan serta terdapat berberapa universitas. Sehingga kelurahan Oesapa Barat termasuk daerah yang padat penduduk, baik penduduk lokal maupun pendatang.Dalam hal pengelolan sampah, selama ini masyarakat Oesapa Barat hanya mengumpulkan sampah dan dibuang di tempat – tempat sampah yang disediakan atau ditempatkan di tepi jalan dan diangkut oleh truk sampah. Belum adanya pengelolaan sampah secara terpadu, bahkan masih ada masyarakat yang membakar sampah karena jauh dari tempat pembuangan sampah.Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan melakukan sosialisai kepada mitra di    Kelompok Peduli Kasih, Kelurahan Oesapa Barat tentang manajemen bank sampah. Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan dengan tahapan menyajikan hasil penerapan pengelolaan sampah melalui bank sampah, dan pengelolaan sampah organik menjadi pupuk kompos serta pelatihan pembuatan kerajinan tangan menggunakan  barang bekas. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masayarakat adalah penyuluhan tentang manajemen bank sampah dan pembuatan pupuk organik menggunakan eco enzyme, serta pelatihan pembuatan barang daur ulang dari sampah plastik. Hasil yang didapat berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, diketahui bahwa terjadi peningkatan softskill dan pengetahuan tentang apa itu manajamen bank sampah, pembuatan pupuk oranik dari eco enzyme serta mitra dapat membuat kerajinan dari sampah plastik. Kata kunci: sampah; bank sampah; manajemen bank sampah; pupuk kompos eco enzyme.  ABSTRACTWest Oesapa sub-district is located in the Kelapa Lima sub-district which is on the coast and is also a trading area and there are several universities. So that the Oesapa Barat sub-district is a densely populated area, for both residents and immigrants. In terms of waste management, so far the Oesapa Barat community has only collected garbage and disposed of it in bins provided or placed on the side of the road and transported by garbage trucks. There is no integrated waste management yet, in fact, there are still people who burn garbage because it is far from landfills. This community service activity aims to socialize partners in the Peduli Kasih Group, Oesapa Barat Village about waste bank management. Community service is carried out with the stages of presenting the results of implementing waste management through a waste bank, managing organic waste into compost, and training in making handicrafts using used goods. The methods used in community service activities are counseling on waste bank management and making organic fertilizers using eco enzymes, as well as training on making recycled goods from plastic waste. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it is known that there has been an increase in soft skills and knowledge about waste bank management, making organic fertilizer from eco enzymes, and partners being able to make crafts from plastic waste. Keywords: waste; waste bank; waste bank management; eco enzyme compost fertilizer