Educación: una cuestión de libertad

En los albores del siglo XXI, la educación sigue ocupando un lugar estelar en el progreso y desarrollo de las sociedades; algo sobre lo que debatir y donde la hermenéutica parece encontrar un campo sembrado en el que poder expandirse. Todo ello porque cuando se trata de la educación, comparecen las personas y, en última instancia, emerge una cuestión nada sencilla de comprender: la libertad. Ciertamente, ya advertía Cicerón que la educación es el principio en el que descansa la libertad y el engrandecimiento de las sociedades. Son muchas las cuestiones, por tanto, que están en juego cuando abordamos una tema del que tantas cosas dependen, bien sea en el terreno personal, familiar, social o político

Identidad, coexistencia y familia

La búsqueda afanosa de la identidad cultural y personal se acentúa en un mundo globalizado. La tendencia a buscar formas generales en la organización de la convivencia parece amenazar las identidades singulares, propiciando el recelo hacia toda apertura a la universalidad. La coexistencia, como radical antropológico, se pierde de vista en la relación interpersonal. La familia parece ser el mejor ámbito educativo para aprender experiencialmente que el desarrollo de la propia identidad no es opuesto sino complementario a la apertura universal que reclama la globalización

COLLECTING POWER CONSUMPTION METRICS FROM OPERATIONALLY INACCESSIBLE NETWORKS

Operational traffic, such as management plane traffic carrying power consumption metrics from a device in the field, is often inaccessible to a device’s vendor. Techniques are presented herein that support a novel mechanism for encoding power consumption metrics in standard communication protocols such as, for example, domain name system (DNS) requests. Aspects of the presented techniques ensure the atomicity of self-contained messages, as well as the confidentiality and integrity of the metrics that are sent to the corresponding vendors. Further aspects of the presented techniques support selectable levels of anonymity during the exporting of the above-described metrics. For example, selectable Terms and Conditions may not only allow administrators to choose among different levels of anonymity, but also facilitate frictionless operations and automatic configuration during the activation of a license

COVID-19 desde la perspectiva de la prevención primaria: Perspective on the Primary Prevention of COVID-19

This article seeks to describe the main primary prevention measures on the 2019-nCoV or COVID-19 that is recently affecting our country, considering epidemiological aspects and recommendations applied and reported in other countries. The topics covered are the prevention of traveling patients, the importance of hand hygiene, respiratory prevention, policies in educational centers and prevention for health personnel. This is due to the need for a better characterization of this new health problem in our country, to establish public policies based on the prevention of complications from this new virus, taking into account assessments based on scientific, preventive and social evidence.El presente artículo busca describir las principales medidas de prevención primaria sobre el 2019-nCoV o COVID-19 que recientemente está afectando a nuestro país, considerando aspectos epidemiológicos y recomendaciones aplicadas y reportadas en otros países. Los temas abordados son la prevención de los pacientes viajeros, la importancia de la higiene de manos, prevención por vía respiratoria, políticas en centros educacionales y prevención para el personal de salud. Ello obedece a la necesidad de una mejor caracterización de este nuevo problema de salud en nuestro país, para establecer políticas públicas en base a la prevención de las complicaciones de este nuevo virus, teniendo en cuenta las valoraciones basadas en evidencia científica, preventiva y social

Revealing morphological characteristics of Goniodorididae genera (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the species is an essential element in taxonomic studies, since it allows the comparison and differentiation of separate groups of taxa. It becomes especially important when considering type species, as the subsequent identification of the species that compose the taxa is based on its characteristics, considered common in the group. However, despite its relevance, there are still numerous species without detailed descriptions, being especially significant among invertebrates. The family Goniodorididae is a little-known group of nudibranchs that includes eight recognized genera: Okenia, Goniodoris, Ancula, Lophodoris, Spahria, Trapania, Goniodoridella and Murphydoris. Several of their species are not completely described, including type species, and the systematics of the family is still unclear. Here we study in detail the external morphology and internal anatomy of the type species of five of the eight Goniodorididae genera using microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. We include the species Okenia elegans, Goniodoris nodosa, Ancula gibbosa, Goniodoridella savignyi and Murphydoris singaporensis as well as one species of Trapania, T. graeffei. We describe for the first time the detailed internal anatomy of the type species Goniodoridella savignyi. The diagnostic features of each genus are compared, and a preliminary framework is shown to clarify their systematics and identification

Empleo de cenizas de fondo de central térmica y cal como filler en mezclas bituminosas

This study focuses on the characterization of bottom ash (PCC-BA) and determining the mechanical characteristics of hot mix asphalt (HMA) using PCC-BA and hydrated lime (HL) as filler. Physical and chemical characterization of the bottom ash was carried out to evaluate its eventual reutilization as filler substitute. The materials tested in this study were made using 0%, 25%, 50%, 70% and 100% of PCC-BA combined with HL. HMA mixes were evaluated in terms of their engineering properties, namely: air voids in the mixes, water sensitivity, stiffness modulus, performance in wheel tracking test and fatigue resistance. The results obtained indicate that HMA mixes with a filler blend of 70% PCC-BA and 30% HL fulfil European standards and are suitable for light traffic or small infrastructures.Este estudio se centra en la caracterización de las cenizas de fondo (PCC-BA) y la determinación de las características mecánicas de mezclas bituminosas en caliente (HMA), utilizando cenizas de fondo y la cal hidratada (HL) como filler. Se realizó la caracterización física y química de las cenizas de fondo para evaluar su empleo como sustituto de filler. Las mezclas ensayadas en este estudio se realizaron utilizando 0%, 25%, 50%, 70% y 100% de cenizas de fondo combinadas con cal hidratada. Se evaluaron propiedades ingenieriles de las mezclas bituminosas, tales como los huecos de aire en las mezclas, la sensibilidad al agua, el módulo de rigidez, el ensayo de pista y la resistencia a la fatiga. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las mezclas bituminosas fabricadas con una combinación de filler del 70% de cenizas de fondo y el 30% cal hidratada, cumplen con las normas europeas y son adecuados para su aplicación con tráficos ligeros o en pequeñas infraestructuras

Atmospheric modelling of Tritium forms transport: review of capabilities and R&D needs for the assessment of fusion facilities environmental impact

Comunicación presentada en: 38ª Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Nuclear Española celebrada del 17 al 19 de octubre de 2012 en Cáceres.This work models in detail the dispersion of tritium forms and dosimetric impact of selected environmental patterns both inland and in-sea using real topography and forecast meteorological data-fields (ECMWF/FLEXPART). We explore specific values of this ratio in different levels and we examine the influence of meteorological conditions in the HTO behavior for 24 hours. For this purpose we have used a tool which consists on a coupled Lagrangian ECMWF/FLEXPART model useful to follow real time releases of tritium at 10, 30 and 60 meters together with hourly observations of wind (and in some cases precipitations) to provide a short-range approximation of tritium cloud behavior. We have assessed inhalation doses. And also HTO/HT ratios in a representative set of cases during winter 2010 and spring 2011 for the 3 air levels

High genetic connectivity in a gastropod with long-lived planktonic larvae

Genetic connectivity plays a crucial role in shaping the geographic structure of species. Our aim in this study was to explore the pattern of genetic connectivity in Bursa scrobilator, an iconic marine caenogastropod with long-lived pelagic larvae. Our study was based on the analysis of DNA sequence data for the 658-bp barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. This is the largest DNA sequence dataset assembled to date for B. scrobilator. These data confirm that the two recently described subspecies B. scrobilator scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Mediterranean and Macaronesia, and B. s. coriacea (Reeve, 1844), from West Africa, constitute two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). We found that for the nominal subspecies, the variation in morphology (shell, radula and gross anatomy) and DNA sequences was not geographically structured, and this agrees with what we would expect in a species with high connectivity at the larval stage. The divergence between the two subspecies cannot be easily explained by isolation by distance, and we would argue that one or more extrinsic factors may have played a role in isolating the two ESUs and maintaining that isolation

Tritium clouds environmental impact in air into the Western Mediterranean Basin evaluation

The paper considers short-term releases of tritium (mainly but not only tritium hydride (HT)) to the atmosphere from a potential ITER-like fusion reactor located in the Mediterranean Basin and explores if the short range legal exposure limits are exceeded (both locally and downwind). For this, a coupled Lagrangian ECMWF/FLEXPART model has been used to follow real time releases of tritium. This tool was analyzed for nominal tritium operational conditions under selected incidental conditions to determine resultant local and Western Mediterranean effects, together with hourly observations of wind, to provide a short-range approximation of tritium cloud behavior. Since our results cannot be compared with radiological station measurements of tritium in air, we use the NORMTRI Gaussian model. We demonstrate an overestimation of the sequence of tritium concentrations in the atmosphere, close to the reactor, estimated with this model when compared with ECMWF/FLEXPART results. A Gaussian “mesoscale” qualification tool has been used to validate the ECMWF/FLEXPART for winter 2010/spring 2011 with a database of the HT plumes. It is considered that NORMTRI allows evaluation of tritium-in-air-plume patterns and its contribution to doses