Nivel de ansiedad de estudiantes de medicina de primer año de una universidad privada del Perú en tiempos de Covid-19: Anxiety level of first-year medical students from a private university in Peru in times of Covid-19

Introduction: The current pandemic due to a new coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) has claimed the health and lives of many people worldwide. This has a negative impact on the mental health of health personnel, which includes medical students. Objective: To determine the degree of anxiety present in first-year medical students from a private university, Lima-Peru. Methods: The sample consisted of 57 students from private university in Lima Perú. The scale was applied to measure Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The data were analyzed using frequency and contingency tables, in addition bivariate analysis was performed applying the statistical tests X2 and Student's t. Results: 75.4% of the medical students manifested some degree of anxiety. A statistically significant association was found between female sex and anxiety (p = 0.045). Likewise, there was no association between the variables age and anxiety (p = 0.058). Conclusion: First-year medical students showed high levels of anxiety during the current pandemic, with women being among those who anxiety occurs more frequently. The development of intervention strategies in university centers for the care of mental health of health sciences students is timely.Introducción: La actual pandemia por un nuevo coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) ha cobrado la salud y la vida de muchas personas mundialmente. Esto genera un impacto negativo en la salud mental del personal de salud, lo cual incluye a estudiantes de medicina. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de ansiedad presente en estudiantes de medicina del primer año de una universidad privada, Lima-Perú. Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 57 estudiantes de una universidad privada en Lima-Perú. Se aplicó la escala para medir el Desorden de Ansiedad Generalizada-7 (GAD-7). Los datos fueron analizados mediante tablas de frecuencias y de contingencia, además se realizó el análisis bivariado aplicando las pruebas estadísticas X2 y T de Student. Resultados: El 75,4% de los estudiantes de medicina manifestaron algún grado de ansiedad. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo femenino y ansiedad (p = 0,045). Así mismo, no hubo asociación entre las variables edad y ansiedad (p = 0,058). Conclusión: Los estudiantes de medicina de primer año evidenciaron niveles altos de ansiedad durante la actual pandemia, siendo las mujeres entre quienes la ansiedad se presenta con mayor frecuencia. Se hace oportuno el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención en los centros universitarios para el cuidado de la salud mental de los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud

Using the think aloud protocol to investigate vocabulary strategies used in two vocabulary tests

My interest in vocabulary research probably stems from my personal struggle with English words. As an English as a second language learner I have had the frustrating experience of not finding the appropriate words for a given context. While I did not want to sound too formal or bookish, I was not certain about the degree of informality of some words. Preparing to become an English as a foreign language teacher, I became interested in strategies for teaching and learning vocabulary. I also became interested in language testing, especially in the social effects of tests on the lives of language learners

Process of fixation, imobilization and mineralization of ammonium in soil using N-15

The organic and inorganic forms of soil nitrogen and how they participate in the process of fixation, immobilization and mineralization of ammonium in soils were evaluated, after different periods of incubaton, utilizing two soils, a Lithic Haplustoll and a Typic Eutrorthox. The results obtained permit to suggest that : 1) The method for determination of the ammonium fixing capacity based on the extraction with 2N KC1, is considered to be subject to interferences of other soil fractions capable of retaining ammonium. 2) The increase in exchangeable ammonium content is related to the decrease in amino acids and hydrolyzable ammonium. 3) The immobilization and mineralization processes are still held under mil microbial. The forms more affected by this condition are amino acids and hydrolyzable ammonium.As formas de nitrogênio do solo e a maneira em que as mesmas participam dos processos de fixação, imobilização e mineralização do amônio no solo foram avaliadas após diferentes períodos de incubação, utilizando dois solos, um Lithic Haplustoll e um Typic Eutrorthox. As formas analisadas através do conteúdo de nitrogênio e da relação isotópica 15N/14N foram: amônio trocável, amônio fixado, aminoácidos, hexosaminas, hidroxiaminoácidos, amônio do hidrolisado e nitrogênio total do hidrolisado. Verificou-se que: 1) o método que emprega a extração com KC1 2N para determinar a capacidade de fixação do amônio adicionado, está sujeito a erros provocados pela interferência de outras funções do solo, na fixação de amônio; 2) o aumento no conteúdo de amônio trocável está relacionado com a diminuição dos aminoácidos e do amônio do hidrolisado dos solos e 3) os processos de retenção e liberação do nitrogênio do solo continuam em condições de atividade microbiana nula, sendo as formas mais afetadas aminoácidos e amônio do hidrolisado

Resistencia de unión entre dientes de bovino y cerámica feldespática utilizando tres cementos fotoactivados para carillas. Estudio in vitro

OBJETIVO: Comparar in vitro la resistencia de unión entre dientes de bovino y cerámica feldespática utilizando loscementos fotoactivados para carillas (Choisse II, Variolink N, Relyx Ultimate).MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 3 grupos; un grupo control y 2 gruposexperimentales distribuidos aleatoriamente y determinados mediante la fórmula para comparar promedios; con 120especímenes en total, n= 30 especímenes por grupo; se utilizaron tres agentes cementantes: Relyx Ultimate (3M ESPE),Choise II (BISCO), Variolink N (IVOCLAR). Con los agentes autoadhesivos se procedió a la cementación como indica elprotocolo para cada cemento. Los especímenes de 1 mm2 de área transversal, se obtuvieron con una máquina de cortestipo IsoMet y se almacenaron en agua destilada por 24 horas a 36 °C. La prueba de microtensión se realizó haciendouso del Microtensile Tester (Bisco). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de ANOVA y Tukey (p=0.05).RESULTADOS: El grupo Variolink N presentó una resistencia promedio de 18.42 ± 3,40 MPa; el Relyx Ultimate 18.42± 5,32 MPa, y el Choise II 11.92 ± 4,32 MPa, encontrando diferencia significativa entre ellos (p < 0.001) a través delanálisis de ANOVA.CONCLUSIÓN: No existe diferencia significativa ente los cementos Variolink N y Relyx Ultimate, pero ambos fueronsuperiores significativamente al cemento Choisse II al cabo de 24 horas

Género y corrupción : Una mirada a los impactos diferenciados de la corrupción en el Perú

RESUMEN La corrupción es uno de los problemas más importantes en el Perú y ha sido estudiada ampliamente desde la academia. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre la corrupción no han abordado el impacto diferenciado que ella produce entre mujeres y varones, en especial en relación con situaciones de violencia contra la mujer (chantaje sexual y trata de personas); así pues, los estudios son todavía escasos. Creemos que cubrir ese vacío resulta urgente, sobre todo si se toma en cuenta la Recomendación que el Comité CEDAW hace a los Estados parte para que se aborde la corrupción en los sistemas de justicia como un elemento importante para eliminar la discriminación contra la mujer en cuanto al acceso a la justicia (CEDAW, 2015)

Benthic trophic interactions in an Antarctic shallow water ecosystem affected by recent glacier retreat

The western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing strong environmental changes as a consequence of ongoing regional warming. Glaciers in the area are retreating rapidly and increased sediment-laden meltwater runoff threatens the benthic biodiversity at shallow depths. We identified three sites with a distinct glacier-retreat related history and different levels of glacial influence in the inner part of Potter Cove (King George Island, South Shetland Islands), a fjord-like embayment impacted since the 1950s by a tidewater glacier retreat. We compared the soft sediment meio- and macrofauna isotopic niche widths (d13C and d15N stable isotope analysis) at the three sites to investigate possible glacier retreat-related influences on benthic trophic interactions. The isotopic niches were locally shaped by the different degrees of glacier retreat-related disturbance within the Cove. Wider isotopic niche widths were found at the site that has become ice-free most recently, and narrower niches at the older ice-free sites. At an intermediate state of glacier retreat-related disturbance (e.g. via ice-growler scouring) species with different strategies could settle. The site at the earliest stage of post-retreat development was characterized by an assemblage with lower trophic redundancy. Generally, the isotopic niche widths increased with increasing size spectra of organisms within the community, excepting the youngest assemblage, where the pioneer colonizer meiofauna size class displayed the highest isotopic niche width. Meiofauna at all sites generally occupied positions in the isotopic space that suggested a detrital-pool food source and/or the presence of predatory taxa. In general ice scour and glacial impact appeared to play a two-fold role within the Cove: i) either stimulating trophic diversity by allowing continuous re-colonization of meiofaunal species or, ii) over time driving the benthic assemblages into a more compact trophic structure with increased connectedness and resource recycling

Discontinuous roughage delivery on digestion, rumen metabolism, feed efficiency and liveweight gain of beef steers fed a concentrate diet

Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) compared to feeding the roughage portion of the diet once every two days and separated of the daily delivered concentrate mixture on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal metabolism, feed efficiency and liveweight gain. In Trial 1, thirty beef steers (Braford and Braford × Criollo; initial BW = 259 ± 27 kg) were used in a 69-d feeding trial. Treatments were: total mixed ration (TMR), and the same proportion of ingredients for the ration but roughage offered once every 2-d and separated from the daily delivered concentrate portion of the diet (REOD). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (three pens/ treatment). In both treatments, daily offered ration had on dry matter basis 90% concentrate and 10% grass hay (Setaria italica). Average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among treatment (1013 vs. 1080 g/d for TMR vs. REOD respectively; SEM = 95 g/d). Dry matter intake was greater in TMR compared to REOD (P < 0.01). Gain to feed ratio tended to be better for REOD than TMR (P = 0.07). In Trial 2, four rumen cannulated steers (Braford) were used in an experiment with a crossover design. Treatments were arranged as a 2*2 factorial design, where the first factor consisted of roughage level (RL): (R14) 14% roughage: 86% concentrate and (R7) 7% roughage: 93% concentrate. The second factor was roughage delivery system (RDS; as it was described for Trial 1): TMR and REOD. There were no RL*RDS interactions for intake and digestion (OM, CP, NDF and starch). Both RL were similar for intake and digestion. Roughage delivery system did not significantly affect intake and digestion of OM, CP, NDF, and starch measured by total fecal collection. Total organic acids (TOA), acetate to propionate ratio (A:P), pH, and rumen ammonia concentrations were not affected by RL and RDS. In conclusion, under the conditions of these trials, steers fed a separated roughage source once every 2-d had similar ADG, and tended to be more efficient compared with TMR. Total tract digestibility and rumen environment traits (pH, VFA, and ammonia) were not affected in response to discontinuous roughage delivery.Fil: Arroquy, Jose Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Avila, M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, M.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Cervetto, J.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Distel, Roberto Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Saravia, J. J.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero; Argentin

Efecto del acondicionamiento de la dentina con ácido poliacrílico al 15 % sobre la resistencia de unión de los cementos resinosos autoadhesivos

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del ácido poliacrílico al 15% (APA) aplicado por 10 y 20 segundos (s) en la dentina humana sobre la resistencia de unión de los cementos resinosos autoadhesivos. METODOLOGÍA: Se dividieron aleatoriamente veintisiete terceras molares en nueve grupos Maxcem Elite control (ME1), Maxcem Elite más APA aplicado por 10s (ME2), Maxcem Elite más APA por 20s (ME3), BisCem control (BC1), BisCem más APA por 10s (BC2), BisCem más APA por 20s (BC3), RelyX U200 control (RU1), RelyX U200 más APA por 10s (RU2), RelyX U200 más APA por 20s (RU3). Se cementaron discos de resina sobre la dentina y las muestras fueron almacenadas en agua destilada por 24h, luego se seccionaron para obtener microbarras de un área transversal de 1mm2 (n=30 por grupo). RESULTADOS: Los especímenes fueron evaluados con la prueba de microtensión. Los valores de la media y de la desviación estándar para cada grupo fueron: ME1=10.17MPa (±1.73), ME2=18.62 (±1.60), ME3=22.92 (±2.13), BC1=8.17 (±1.31), BC2=14.56 (±1.94), BC3=17.52 (±1.92), RU1=13.71 (±1.70), RU2=22.91 (±2.26) y RU3=30.42 (±1.50). Estos valores fueron analizados con las pruebas ANOVA de un factor y HDS de Tukey mostrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p&lt;0.001) entre todos los grupos. CONCLUSIÓN: El acondicionamiento de la dentina con ácido poliacrílico al 15% incrementa significativamente la resistencia de unión de los cementos resinosos autoadhesivos, obteniéndose mejor resistencia en la aplicación por 20 segundos