Ambidexterity: the essence of entrepreneurial competencies and its non-formal learning

[ES] El reconocimiento generalizado de la im­portancia de las competencias empren­dedoras para el éxito profesional de los estudiantes está llevando a las universida­des a desarrollar entornos que faciliten su aprendizaje. Sin embargo, todavía existen importantes cuestiones por resolver que limitan la eficacia de dichos entornos. No existe consenso sobre el tipo de compor­tamiento emprendedor que debería esti­mularse en los estudiantes universitarios, ni sobre el concepto de competencias em­prendedoras que más se ajusta al entorno específico de las universidades. Además, las propuestas didácticas que pudieran plantearse deben considerar que, aunque los sistemas de evaluación formativos son apropiados a la hora de medir competen­cias transversales, también son más com­plejos. En este trabajo se considera que la educación no formal universitaria es un instrumento potente para el aprendizaje de competencias emprendedoras en los estudiantes universitarios, ya que otorga la flexibilidad que éste requiere. En con­secuencia, se presenta una propuesta di­dáctica integral que facilita la adquisición de competencias emprendedoras en el ámbito universitario, se exponen las prin­cipales características pedagógicas que inspiran dicha propuesta y su relación con los distintos tipos de competencias emprendedoras. El artículo finaliza con la presentación de un sistema de evaluación formativo que resalta la importancia de la reflexión como elemento de aprendizaje.[EN] Despite the worldwide increase in entre­preneurship education offered at univer­sities, there is an ongoing debate whether and under which conditions this type of education contributes to foster students’ entrepreneurial competencies. There is no consensus on what entrepreneurial com­petencies means, neither on the charac­teristics of the pedagogical interventions needed, especially on what refers to the measurement of these interventions. This paper argues that universities need to de­velop learning environments in the context of non-formal education. Non-formal ed­ucation is proposed to fit better with the enhancement of entrepreneurial compe­tencies, as it offers the flexibility required to facilitate experimentation and to allow students to gather entrepreneurial experi­ence. Additionally, in this paper arguments are developed to show how formative evaluation systems suit entrepreneurial pedagogic interventions. Therefore, a com­prehensive proposal that facilitates the ac­quisition of entrepreneurial competencies, the main pedagogical characteristics that should inspire the different educational programs and their relationships with the different types of entrepreneurial compe­tencies are exposed. The article ends with the design of a formative evaluation system that highlights the importance of reflection as an element of the evaluation process and the entrepreneurial learning process.Ripollés, M.; Michavila, F. (2020). Ambidextrismo o el equilibrio: la esencia de las competencias emprendedoras y su aprendizaje no formal. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 18(1):71-89. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2020.13316OJS7189181Acs, Z.J., Stam, E., Audretsch, D.B., O'Connor, A. (2017). The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9864-8Bamber, J. (2014). Developing the creative and innovative potential of young people through non-formal learning in ways that are relevant to employability. European Commission Youth: Expert Group Report.Bandura, A., Walters, R.H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall.Béchard, J.P., Grégoire, D. (2005). Entrepreneurship education research revisited: The case of higher education. Academy of management learning & education, 4(1), 22-43. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2005.16132536Boston, C. (2002). The concept of formative assessment. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 8(1), 9.Brockbank, A., McGill, I. (2007). Facilitating reflective learning in higher education. Berckshire, UK: McGraw-Hill Education.Chandler, G.N., DeTienne, D.R., McKelvie, A., Mumford, T.V. (2011). Causation and effectuation processes: A validation study. Journal of business venturing, 26(3), 375-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.10.006Gianesini, G., Cubico, S., Favretto, G., Leitão, J. (2018). Entrepreneurial competences: comparing and contrasting models and taxonomies. In Entrepreneurship and the industry life cycle (pp. 13-32). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89336-5_2Gielnik, M.M., Frese, M., Kahara-Kawuki, A., Wasswa Katono, I., Kyejjusa, S., Ngoma, M., ... Oyugi, J. (2015). Action and action-regulation in entrepreneurship: Evaluating a student training for promoting entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 14(1), 69-94. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0107Haase, H., Lautenschläger, A. (2011). The 'teachability dilemma'of entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0150-3Hahn, D., Minola, T., Van Gils, A., Huybrechts, J. (2017). Entrepreneurial education and learning at universities: exploring multilevel contingencies. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(9-10), 945-974. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1376542Heritage, M. (2010). Formative assessment. Making it happen in the classroom. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.Hindle, K. (2007). Teaching entrepreneurship at university: from the wrong building to the right philosophy. Handbook of research in entrepreneurship education, 1, 104-126. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847205377.00013Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D., Casrud, A.L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions, Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0Kuratko, D.F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(5), 577-597. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00099.xKyndt, E., Baert, H. (2015). Entrepreneurial competencies: Assessment and predictive value for entrepreneurship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 90, 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.07.002Lave, J.L., Wenger E. (1998). Communities of Practice. Recuperado de http://valenciacollege.edu/faculty/development/tla/documents/ CommunityofPractice.pdf. [Consultado: 01/04/2018].Lavie, D., Stettner, U., Tushman, M.L. (2010). Exploration and exploitation within and across organizations. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 109-155. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416521003691287Chen, H.S., Mitchell, R.K., Brigham, K.H., Howell, R., Steinbauer, R. (2018). Perceived psychological distance, construal processes, and abstractness of entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(3), 296-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.01.001Comisión Europea (2016). EntreComp (http://culturaemprendedora. extremaduraempresarial.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Dossier-entrecomp.pdf)Markman, G.D., Baron, R.A. (2003). Person-entrepreneurship fit: why some people are more successful as entrepreneurs than others. Human resource management review, 13(2), 281-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(03)00018-4Man, T.W., Lau, T., Chan, K.F. (2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of business venturing, 17(2), 123-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00058-6Martin, B.C., McNally, J.J., Kay, M.J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of business venturing, 28(2), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.002Maurya, A. (2012). Why lean canvas vs. business model canvas. Recuperado de http://practicetrumpstheory.com/why-leancanvas.Mitchelmore, S., Rowley, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial competencies: a literature review and development agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011026995Miller, D. (2011). Miller (1983) revisited: A reflection on EO research and some suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 35(5), 873-894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00457.xMorland, L., Thompson, J. (2016). New venture creation as a learning agenda: Experiences, reflections and implications from running a venture creation programme. In Annals of Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy-2016. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784719166.00017Morris, M.H., Kuratko, D.F., Schindehutte, M., Spivack, A.J. (2012). Framing the entrepreneurial experience. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 36(1), 11-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00471.xMusteen, M., Curran, R., Arroteia, N., Ripollés, M., Blesa, A. (2018). A community of practice approach to teaching international entrepreneurship. Administrative Sciences, 8(4), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8040056Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277- 299. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026Nafukho, F., Kobia, M., Sikalieh, D. (2010). Towards a search for the meaning of entrepreneurship. Journal of European industrial training, 34(2), 110-127. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090591011023970Neck, H.M., Greene, P.G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of small business management, 49(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00314.xNeck, H.M., Greene, P.G., Brush, C.G. (2014). Practice-based entrepreneurship education using actionable theory. In Annals of Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy-2014. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783471454.00008Nielsen, S.L., Lassen, A.H. (2012). Images of entrepreneurship: towards a new categorization of entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(1), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0159-7Pantea, M.C. (2016). On entrepreneurial education: dilemmas and tensions in nonformal learning. Studies in Continuing Education, 38(1), 86-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2015.1032920Pedler, M. (1997). Interpreting action learning. Management learning: Integrating perspectives in theory and practice, 248-264. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446250488.n15Pereira, D., Flores, M.A., Niklasson, L. (2016). Assessment revisited: a review of research in Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(7), 1008-1032. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1055233Perrenoud, P. (2007). Diez nuevas competencias para enseñar. Barcelona: Graó.Pittaway, L., Cope, J. (2007). Entrepreneurship education: A systematic review of the evidence. International Small Business Journal, 25(5), 479-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607080656Piperopoulos, P., Dimov, D. (2015). Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 970-985. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12116Ruiz-Primo, M.A. (2011). Informal formative assessment: The role of instructional dialogues in assessing students' learning. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 37(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2011.04.003Samuelowicz, K., Bain, J.D. (2002). Identifying academics' orientation to assessment practice. Higher Education, 43, 173-201. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013796916022Shapero, A. (1975). The displaced and uncomfortable entrepreneur. Psychology Today, 7, 83-89.Sarasvathy, S.D., Venkataraman, S. (2011). Entrepreneurship as method: Open questions for an entrepreneurial future. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 35(1), 113- 135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00425.xShrivastava, P., Kennelly, J.J. (2013). Sustainability and place-based enterprise. Organization & Environment, 26(1), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026612475068Stam, E., Spigel, B. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems. In R. Blackburn, D. De Clercq, J. Heinonen, & Z. Wang (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. London: SAGE.Unger, J.M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of business venturing, 26(3), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.004Volery, T., Mueller, S., von Siemens, B. (2015). Entrepreneur ambidexterity: A study of entrepreneur behaviours and competencies in growth-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises. International Small Business Journal, 33(2), 109-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613484777Wales, W.J. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation: A review and synthesis of promising research directions. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242615613840Weurlander, M., Söderberg, M., Scheja, M., Hult, H., Wernerson, A. (2012). Exploring formative assessment as a tool for learning: students' experiences of different methods of formative assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 37(6), 747-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2011.57215

Screening of Iberian Coinage in the 2(th)-1(th) BCE Period Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: A. Doménech-Carbó, M. T. Doménech-Carbó, C. Álvarez-Romero, T. Pasíes, M. Buendía, Electroanalysis 2019, 31, 1164, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900090. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The voltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) was applied for grouping a series of 86 Iberian coins nominally minted in the cities of Iltirta, Castulo and Obulco in the 2(th)-1(th) BCE period for which there are no chronological data. Using characteristic signatures for the reduction of cuprite, tenorite and lead corrosion products in the patina of the coins, voltammetric grouping of coins was proposed. Voltammetric data were found to be consistent with textural and compositional properties of the surface and subsurface of selected coins using FIB-FESEM-EDX. The obtained data confirmed a clear separation between the productions of Iltirta on one side, and those of Castulo and Obulco on the other side, indicating the possibility to establish a rough chronology for these productions.Project CTQ2017-85317-C2-1-P, supported with Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF) and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI), is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish also to thank Mr. Manuel Planes and Dr. Jose Luis Moya, technical supervisors of the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Thanks to Manuel Gozalbes for his technical assistance in the numismatic domain and Gonzalo Cores and the Museu de Prehistrica de Valencia for facilitating the access to its collections.Doménech-Carbó, A.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Álvarez-Romero, C.; Pasíes, T.; Buendía, M. (2019). Screening of Iberian Coinage in the 2(th)-1(th) BCE Period Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles. Electroanalysis. 31(6):1164-1173. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201900090S11641173316P. P. Ripollès V. Heuchert A. Burnett Coinage and identity in the Roman provinces Oxford University Press London 79 93M. Gozalbes Circulación y uso de los denarios ibéricos in M. Campo Ús i circulació de la moneda a la Hispania Citerior XIII Curs d'història monetària d'Hispania Museu de Prehistòria de València València 83 103Constantinides, I., Gritsch, M., Adriaens, A., Hutter, H., & Adams, F. (2001). Microstructural characterisation of five simulated archaeological copper alloys using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 440(2), 189-198. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01061-3Linke, R., & Schreiner, M. (2000). Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis and X-Ray Microanalysis of Medieval Silver Coins. Microchimica Acta, 133(1-4), 165-170. doi:10.1007/s006040070087Dowsett, M., & Adriaens, A. (2004). The role of SIMS in cultural heritage studies. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 226(1-2), 38-52. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.086Shalev, S., Shilstein, S. S., & Yekutieli, Y. (2006). XRF study of archaeological and metallurgical material from an ancient copper-smelting site near Ein-Yahav, Israel☆. Talanta, 70(5), 909-913. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.052Gaudiuso, R., Dell’Aglio, M., De Pascale, O., Loperfido, S., Mangone, A., & De Giacomo, A. (2014). Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of archaeological findings with calibration-free inverse method: Comparison with classical laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and conventional techniques. Analytica Chimica Acta, 813, 15-24. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.020Del Hoyo-Meléndez, J. M., Świt, P., Matosz, M., Woźniak, M., Klisińska-Kopacz, A., & Bratasz, Ł. (2015). Micro-XRF analysis of silver coins from medieval Poland. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 349, 6-16. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2015.02.018Tomassetti, M., Marini, F., Bucci, R., & Campanella, L. (2016). A survey on innovative dating methods in archaeometry with focus on fossil bones. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 79, 371-379. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.017BUDD, P., GALE, D., POLLARD, A. M., THOMAS, R. G., & WILLIAMS, P. A. (1993). EVALUATING LEAD ISOTOPE DATA: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS. Archaeometry, 35(2), 241-247. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1993.tb01038.xAttanasio, D., Bultrini, G., & Ingo, G. M. (2001). The Possibility of Provenancing A Series of Bronze Punic Coins Found At Tharros (Western Sardinia) Using the Literature Lead Isotope Database. Archaeometry, 43(4), 529-547. doi:10.1111/1475-4754.00035Scott, D. A. (1994). An Examination of the Patina and Corrosion Morphology of Some Roman Bronzes. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 33(1), 1. doi:10.2307/3179666Constantinides, I., Adriaens, A., & Adams, F. (2002). Surface characterization of artificial corrosion layers on copper alloy reference materials. Applied Surface Science, 189(1-2), 90-101. doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(02)00005-3Robbiola, L., & Portier, R. (2006). A global approach to the authentication of ancient bronzes based on the characterization of the alloy–patina–environment system. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 7(1), 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2005.11.001Robbiola, L., Blengino, J.-M., & Fiaud, C. (1998). Morphology and mechanisms of formation of natural patinas on archaeological Cu–Sn alloys. Corrosion Science, 40(12), 2083-2111. doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(98)00096-1L. Robbiola L.-P. Hurtel Standard nature of the passive layers of buried archaeological bronze – The example of two Roman half-length portraits in I. MacLeod S. Pennec L. Robbiola 1997 109 117F. Scholz B. Meyer 1998 1 86Doménech-Carbó, A., Labuda, J., & Scholz, F. (2012). Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: Characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 85(3), 609-631. doi:10.1351/pac-rep-11-11-13Doménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., & Costa, V. (Eds.). (2009). Electrochemical Methods in Archaeometry, Conservation and Restoration. Monographs in Electrochemistry. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92868-3Doménech, A. (2011). Tracing, authenticating and dating archaeological metal using the voltammetry of microparticles. Analytical Methods, 3(10), 2181. doi:10.1039/c1ay05416cDoménech-Carbó, A., & Doménech-Carbó, M. T. (2018). Electroanalytical techniques in archaeological and art conservation. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 90(3), 447-461. doi:10.1515/pac-2017-0508Costa, V., Leyssens, K., Adriaens, A., Richard, N., & Scholz, F. (2009). Electrochemistry reveals archaeological materials. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 14(3), 449-451. doi:10.1007/s10008-009-0864-8Arjmand, F., & Adriaens, A. (2011). Electrochemical quantification of copper-based alloys using voltammetry of microparticles: optimization of the experimental conditions. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 16(2), 535-543. doi:10.1007/s10008-011-1365-0Souissi, N., Bousselmi, L., Khosrof, S., & Triki, E. (2004). Voltammetric behaviour of an archeaological bronze alloy in aqueous chloride media. Materials and Corrosion, 55(4), 284-292. doi:10.1002/maco.200303719Ottenwelter, E., & Costa, V. (2014). Evidence of Metallic Plating on Archaeological Artefacts by Voltammetry of Microparticles. Archaeometry, 57(3), 497-504. doi:10.1111/arcm.12091Doménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M., & Martínez-Lázaro, I. (2007). Electrochemical identification of bronze corrosion products in archaeological artefacts. A case study. Microchimica Acta, 162(3-4), 351-359. doi:10.1007/s00604-007-0839-3Šatović, D., Martinez, S., & Bobrowski, A. (2010). Electrochemical identification of corrosion products on historical and archaeological bronzes using the voltammetry of micro-particles attached to a carbon paste electrode. Talanta, 81(4-5), 1760-1765. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2010.03.037Doménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., Redondo-Marugán, J., Osete-Cortina, L., & Vivancos-Ramón, M. V. (2015). Electrochemical Characterization of Corrosion Products in Leaded Bronze Sculptures Considering Ohmic Drop Effects on Tafel Analysis. Electroanalysis, 28(4), 833-845. doi:10.1002/elan.201500613Blum, D., Leyffer, W., & Holze, R. (1996). Pencil-Leads as new electrodes for abrasive stripping voltammetry. Electroanalysis, 8(3), 296-297. doi:10.1002/elan.1140080317Doménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., & Peiró-Ronda, Mªa. (2011). ‘One-Touch’ Voltammetry of Microparticles for the Identification of Corrosion Products in Archaeological Lead. Electroanalysis, 23(6), 1391-1400. doi:10.1002/elan.201000739Doménech, A., Lastras, M., Rodríguez, F., & Osete, L. (2013). Mapping of corrosion products of highly altered archeological iron using voltammetry of microparticles. Microchemical Journal, 106, 41-50. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.002Doménech, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., & Martínez-Lázaro, I. (2010). Layer-by-layer identification of copper alteration products in metallic works of art using the voltammetry of microparticles. Analytica Chimica Acta, 680(1-2), 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.002DOMÉNECH-CARBÓ, A., DOMÉNECH-CARBÓ, M. T., PEIRÓ-RONDA, M. A., & OSETE-CORTINA, L. (2011). ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND AUTHENTICATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL LEAD USING VOLTAMMETRY OF MICROPARTICLES: APPLICATION TO THE TOSSAL DE SANT MIQUEL IBERIAN PLATE. Archaeometry, 53(6), 1193-1211. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00608.xDoménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., Pérez, M. L., & Herrero-Cortell, M. (2015). Detection of archaeological forgeries of Iberian lead plates using nanoelectrochemical techniques. The lot of fake plates from Bugarra (Spain). Forensic Science International, 247, 79-88. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.12.001Doménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., & Peiró-Ronda, M. A. (2011). Dating Archeological Lead Artifacts from Measurement of the Corrosion Content Using the Voltammetry of Microparticles. Analytical Chemistry, 83(14), 5639-5644. doi:10.1021/ac200731qDoménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., Capelo, S., Pasíes, T., & Martínez-Lázaro, I. (2014). Dating Archaeological Copper/Bronze Artifacts by Using the Voltammetry of Microparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(35), 9262-9266. doi:10.1002/anie.201404522Doménech-Carbó, A., Scholz, F., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., Piquero-Cilla, J., Montoya, N., Pasíes-Oviedo, T., … Oliver, A. (2018). Dating of Archaeological Gold by Means of Solid State Electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem, 5(15), 2113-2117. doi:10.1002/celc.201800435Doménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., Redondo-Marugán, J., Osete-Cortina, L., Barrio, J., Fuentes, A., … Pasíes, T. (2017). Electrochemical Characterization and Dating of Archaeological Leaded Bronze Objects Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles. Archaeometry, 60(2), 308-324. doi:10.1111/arcm.12308Di Turo, F., Montoya, N., Piquero-Cilla, J., De Vito, C., Coletti, F., Favero, G., … Doménech-Carbó, A. (2017). Dating Archaeological Strata in theMagna MaterTemple Using Solid-state Voltammetric Analysis of Leaded Bronze Coins. Electroanalysis, 30(2), 361-370. doi:10.1002/elan.201700724Doménech-Carbó, A., Doménech-Carbó, M. T., Álvarez-Romero, C., Montoya, N., Pasíes-Oviedo, T., & Buendía, M. (2017). Electrochemical Characterization of Coinage Techniques the 17thCentury: ThemaravedísCase. Electroanalysis, 29(9), 2008-2018. doi:10.1002/elan.201700326Pavlov, D., Monakhov, B., Maja, M., & Penazzi, N. (1989). Mechanism of Action of Sn on the Passivation Phenomena in the Lead‐Acid Battery Positive Plate (Sn‐Free Effect). Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 136(1), 27-33. doi:10.1149/1.2096603Cai, W.-B., Wan, Y.-Q., Liu, H.-T., & Zhou, W.-F. (1995). A study of the reduction process of anodic PbO2 film on Pb in sulfuric acid solution. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 387(1-2), 95-100. doi:10.1016/0022-0728(94)03866-2MEEKS, N. D. (1986). TIN-RICH SURFACES ON BRONZE?SOME EXPERIMENTAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS. Archaeometry, 28(2), 133-162. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1986.tb00383.xSerghini-Idrissi, M., Bernard, M. C., Harrif, F. Z., Joiret, S., Rahmouni, K., Srhiri, A., … Ziani, M. (2005). Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterizations of patinas formed on an archaeological bronze coin. Electrochimica Acta, 50(24), 4699-4709. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.01.050Bongiorno, V., Campodonico, S., Caffara, R., Piccardo, P., & Carnasciali, M. M. (2012). Micro‐Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of artistic patinas produced on copper‐based alloys. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 43(11), 1617-1622. doi:10.1002/jrs.4167Basso, E., Invernizzi, C., Malagodi, M., La Russa, M. F., Bersani, D., & Lottici, P. P. (2014). Characterization of colorants and opacifiers in roman glass mosaictesseraethrough spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 45(3), 238-245. doi:10.1002/jrs.4449Ingo, G. M., Plescia, P., Angelini, E., Riccucci, C., & de Caro, T. (2006). Bronze roman mirrors: the secret of brightness. Applied Physics A, 83(4), 611-615. doi:10.1007/s00339-006-3535-

The Inclusionary Populist Communication Style on Facebook: The Case of Ada Colau in Barcelona

Communication is one of the core elements of populism, especially in social media. Through such digital platforms, political leaders can communicate directly with citizens and build both their discourse and their political leadership. Although the literature has so far identified the existence of a populist political communication style, the expansion of populism and its connection with social media are extending and diversifying the concept, as well as adding new repertoires. In order to analyse this, we propose a study of the communication strategy of the mayor of Barcelona, Ada Colau who, with a background of citizen activism, became mayor of the city in 2015 thanks to a political organisation situated as left populist. The methodology is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of Colau’s Facebook profile. A total of 226 posts between 2015 and 2017 are analysed. The results make it possible to identify a new specific modality within the populist style of political communication, namely the inclusionary populist type. This focuses on issues related to defense of the rights of the weakest social groups and works within a framework of social justice and solidarity with others. Likewise, the study confirms how Facebook is configured as a preferred platform for the construction of political leadership

Análisis in situ de pintura mural del Monasterio de Santa María de Huerta (Soria)

Se han realizado análisi.s itt situ de fluoreseencia de rayos-X dispersiva en energía (EDXRF) de dos pinturas murales del Monasterio Cisterciense de Santa María de Huerta (Soria). La primera eorresponde al coro y la segunda a la ca pilla de San Benito. Ambas en la iglesia del citado monasterio. Los resultados analíticos nos han permitido identificar y caracterizar los pigmentos que integran las pinturas murales a pesar de estar protegidas por papel paraloid B72

Análisis de las pinturas murales de la capilla de los Santos Corporales de Daroca (Zaragoza)

La capilla de los Santos Corporales, ubicada en la Iglesia Colegial de Santa María de Daroca (Zaragoza), alberga una muestra importante de pintura mural medieval de los siglos XIV y XVI. Durante su reciente proceso de restauración, la Unidad de Arqueometría del I.C.M.U.V. ha analizado los pigmentos que inte gran sus pinturas murales. Se han efectuado análisis in situ de fluorescencia de rayos X dispersiva en energía (EDXRF) de una pintura mural que forma parte de un ábside románico del s. XIV, de un relieve que forma parte del retablo relicario cuya policromía data del XVI y de la decoración que se le dio a las bóvedas de las capillas del s. XVI. Adicionalmente se tomaron muestras de pigmentos procedentes de la bóveda del s. XIV que han sido analizadas mediante EDXRF, difracción de ra yos X (XRD) y microscopía electrónica de bamdo (SEM)

Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning

We introduce a deceptively simple behavioral task that robustly identifies two qualitatively different groups within the general population. When presented with an isochronous train of random syllables, some listeners are compelled to align their own concurrent syllable production with the perceived rate, whereas others remain impervious to the external rhythm. Using both neurophysiological and structural imaging approaches, we show group differences with clear consequences for speech processing and language learning. When listening passively to speech, high synchronizers show increased brain-to-stimulus synchronization over frontal areas, and this localized pattern correlates with precise microstructural differences in the white matter pathways connecting frontal to auditory regions. Finally, the data expose a mechanism that underpins performance on an ecologically relevant word-learning task. We suggest that this task will help to better understand and characterize individual performance in speech processing and language learning

Spontaneous synchronization to speech reveals neural mechanisms facilitating language learning

We introduce a deceptively simple behavioral task that robustly identifies two qualitatively different groups within the general population. When presented with an isochronous train of random syllables, some listeners are compelled to align their own concurrent syllable production with the perceived rate, whereas others remain impervious to the external rhythm. Using both neurophysiological and structural imaging approaches, we show group differences with clear consequences for speech processing and language learning. When listening passively to speech, high synchronizers show increased brain-to-stimulus synchronization over frontal areas, and this localized pattern correlates with precise microstructural differences in the white matter pathways connecting frontal to auditory regions. Finally, the data expose a mechanism that underpins performance on an ecologically relevant word-learning task. We suggest that this task will help to better understand and characterize individual performance in speech processing and language learning

Observational study on fluid therapy management in surgical adult patients

Fluid therapy management; Hemodynamic monitoring; Surgical proceduresGestió de fluidoteràpia; Monitorització hemodinàmica; Procediments quirúrgicsGestión de fluidoterapia; Monitoreo hemodinámico; Procedimientos quirúrgicosBackground Perioperative fluid therapy management is changing due to the incorporation of different fluids, surgical techniques, and minimally invasive monitoring systems. The objective of this study was to explore fluid therapy management during the perioperative period in our country. Methods We designed the Fluid Day study as a cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study. The study was performed in 131 Spanish hospitals in February 2019. We included adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia for either elective or non-elective surgery. Demographic variables were recorded, as well as the type and total volume of fluid administered during the perioperative period and the monitorization used. To perform the analysis, patients were categorized by risk group. Results We recruited 7291 patients, 6314 of which were included in the analysis; 1541 (24.4%) patients underwent high-risk surgery, 1497 (23. 7%) were high risk patients, and 554 (8.7%) were high-risk patients and underwent high-risk surgery; 98% patients received crystalloids (80% balanced solutions); intraoperative colloids were used in 466 patients (7.51%). The hourly intraoperative volume in mL/kg/h and the median [Q1; Q3] administered volume (mL/kg) were, respectively, 6.67 [3.83; 8.17] ml/Kg/h and 13.9 [9.52;5.20] ml/Kg in low-risk patients undergoing low- or intermediate-risk surgery, 6 [4.04; 9.08] ml/Kg/h and 15.7 [10.4;24.5] ml/Kg in high- risk patients undergoing low or intermediate-risk surgery, 6.41 [4.36; 9.33] ml/Kg/h and 20.2 [13.3;32.4] ml/Kg in low-risk patients undergoing high-risk surgery, and 5.46 [3.83; 8.17] ml/Kg/h and 22.7[14.1;40.9] ml/Kg in high-risk patients undergoing high- risk surgery . We used advanced fluid monitoring strategies in 5% of patients in the intraoperative period and in 10% in the postoperative period. Conclusions The most widely used fluid was balanced crystalloids. Colloids were used in a small number of patients. Hourly surgery volume tended to be more restrictive in high-risk patients but confirms a high degree of variation in the perioperatively administered volume. Scarce monitorization was observed in fluid therapy management.Open Access funding enabled and organized by SEDAR

Speech-to-Speech synchronization protocol to classify human participants as high or low auditory-motor synchronizers

The ability to synchronize a motor action to a rhythmic auditory stimulus is often considered an innate human skill. However, some individuals lack the ability to synchronize speech to a perceived syllabic rate. Here, we describe a simple and fast protocol to classify a single native English speaker as being or not being a speech synchronizer. This protocol consists of four parts: the pretest instructions and volume adjustment, the training procedure, the execution of the main task, and data analysis