UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 1 JANGKA PADA MATERI SIFAT-SIFAT CAHAYA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Jangka pada materi sifat-sifat cahaya melalui model pembelajaran direct instruction. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri atas dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 1 Jangka pada tanggal 6 s.d 10 Mei 2019. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Jangka yang berjumlah 22 siswa. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data penelitian yaitu melalui teknik: tes, observasi, angket dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data penelitian dilakukan melalui analisis statistik sederhana, yaitu: 1) untuk menghitung hasil belajar siswa, dan 2) untuk menentukan ketuntasan belajar siswa. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa: 1) penggunaan model pembelajaran direct instruction dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, aktivitas guru dan siswa, sudah berlangsung baik dan mendapatkan respon yang baik dari siswa; 2) model pembelajaran direct instruction meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Jangka pada materi sifat-sifat cahaya, terlihat dengan meningkatnya hasil evaluasi, baik proses maupun hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I dan II; 3) dari hasil observasi, terjadi peningkatan proses pembelajaran, yaitu dari 87% siklus I menjadi 89% siklus II. Sedangkan, hasil belajar pada materi SDA juga mengalami peningkatan, yaitu siklus II meningkat menjadi 93% dan 95%.Kata kunci:  meningkatkan, hasil belajar, model pembelajaran, direct instructio

UPAYA GURU PEMBIMBING DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH HUBUNGAN INTERPERSONAL SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 12 PEKANBARU

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui jenis masalah hubungan interpersonal siswa di SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru (2) Mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya masalah hubungan interpersonal siswa di SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru (3) Mengetahui upaya guru pembimbing dalam mengatasi masalah hubungan interpersonal siswa di SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI dan guru pembimbing di SMA Negeri 12 pekanbaru dan obyeknya adalah masalah hubungan interpersonal di SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan teknik penyebaran angket dan wawancara. Data angket dianalisa dengan teknik kuantitatif kemudian disimpulkan dengan kualitatif, sedangkan data wawancara dianalisa dengan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jenis masalah hubungan interpersonal yang dialami siswa di SMA Negeri 12 pekanbaru sebagai berikut: a. siswa belum mampu membangun persahabatan: masalah yang dominan adalah sulit mempercayai orang lain (92%), b. siswa kesulitan masuk ke kelompok sosial yang telah terbentuk: masalah yang dominan adalah siswa mau mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler tetapi tidak memiliki kecakapan (96%). Dan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya masalah hubungan interpersonal siswa di SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru adalah: a. Siswa masih membangun hubungan interpersonal berdasarkan gender: masalah yang dominan adalah siswa menyatakan lebih senang berteman dengan anak laki-laki (94%), b. Siswa kurang percaya diri: masalah yang dominan adalah siswa merasa dirinya bukan orang hebat sehingga mereka enggan mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler (75%), c. Kurangnya pemahaman siswa tentang bagaimana membangun hubungan interpersonal yang baik: masalah yang dominan adalah siswa tahu bagaimana cara bergaul yang baik (93%). Upaya guru pembimbing dalam mengatasi masalah hubungan interpersonal siswa di SMA Negeri 12 Pekanbaru adalah: a. Mengidentifikasi masalah hubungan interpersonal siswa melalui observasi, informasi dari guru bidang studi dan siswa itu sendiri. b. Membuat program yang sesuai dengan masalah siswa dan melaksanakan layanan bimbingan dan konseling. c. Guru pembimbing memasukkan materi pentingnya membangun hubungan interpersonal. d. Membantu siswa yang bermasalah dengan melaksanakan konseling individual. e. Jika sampai berselisih guru pembimbing melakukan layanan mediasi

Jatropha Biofuel Industry: The Challenges

Considering environmental issues and to reduce dependency on fossil fuel many countries have politicized to replenish fossil fuel demand from renewable sources. Citing the potential of Jatropha mostly without any scientific and technological backup, it is believed to be one of the most suitable biofuel candidates. Huge grants were released by many projects for huge plantation of Jatropha (millions of hectares). Unfortunately, there has been no significant progress, and Jatropha did not contribute much in the energy scenario. Unavailability of high-yielding cultivar, large-scale plantation without the evaluation of the planting materials, knowledge gap and basic research gap seem to be the main reasons for failure. Thus, the production of Jatropha as a biofuel has been confronted with various challenges such as production, oil extraction, conversion and also its use as a sustainable biofuel. In this chapter, we disclose the challenges and possible remedy for the contribution in the biofuel industry

Gama-Fe2O3 silica-coated 2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxyaniline for supercapacitive performance

Magnetic g-Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanocomposite was prepared using Stöber method and functionalized firstly by isopropenyloxytrimethylsilane as a coupling agent to enter active acetylacetone on the surface of nanoparticles, and after that by the synthesized azo dye ligand, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxyaniline. In such a way, g-Fe2O3@SiO2-azo dye hybrid nanocomposite was formed. The structure of the synthesized azo dye was evidenced by physical and chemical analysis using melting point, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), CHNS elemental analysis, proton nuclear magnetic reso­nan­ce (HNMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The magnetic proper­ties, structure, element composition and morphology characterization of prepared mate­rials (g-Fe2O3, g-Fe2O3@SiO2, and g-Fe2O3@SiO2-azo dye) were investigated by vib­rating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and field electron scanning electron micro­scopy-energy dispersive X-ray-mapping techniques. The electrochemical perfor­mance of synthe­sized g-Fe2O3, g-Fe2O3@SiO2, and g-Fe2O3@SiO2-2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxy­aniline) electrodes were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galva­nostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was shown that the finally prepared g-Fe2O3@SiO2-2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxy­aniline) hybrid nano­composite electrode possesses good storage charge capability of 580 F g-1 at 1 A g-1

Knowledge and attitude of key community members towards tuberculosis: mixed method study from BRAC TB control areas in Bangladesh

This article was published in BMC Public Health [© 2015 BioMed Central Ltd.] and the definite version is available at: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-015-1390-5Background: Bangladesh National Tuberculosis (TB) Control Programme adopted a number of strategies to facilitate TB diagnosis and treatment. 'Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization' (ACSM) was one of the key strategies implemented by BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, a non-governmental development organization) TB control program. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the key community members (KCMs) participated in ACSM in BRAC TB control areas. Methods: This study combined quantitative and qualitative methods using a mixed method approach. KCMs in three districts with low TB case detection rates were targeted to assess the ACSM program. The quantitative survey using a multi-stage random-sampling strategy was conducted among 432 participants. The qualitative study included in-depth interviews (IDIs) of a sub sample of 48 respondents. For quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics were reported using frequencies, percentages, and Chi square tests, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative part. Results: Most (99%) of the participants had heard about TB, and almost all knew that TB is a contagious yet curable disease. More than half (53%) of the KCMs had good knowledge regarding TB, but BRAC workers were found to be more knowledgeable compared to other KCMs. However, considerable knowledge gaps were observed among BRAC community health workers. Qualitative results revealed that the majority of the KCMs were aware about the signs, symptoms and transmission pathways of TB and believed that smoking and addiction were the prime causes of transmission of TB. The knowledge about child TB was poor even among BRAC health workers. Stigma associated with TB was not uncommon. Almost all respondents expressed that young girls diagnosed with TB. Conclusions: This study finding has revealed varying levels of knowledge and mixed attitudes about TB among the KCMs. It also provides insight on the poor knowledge regarding child TB and indicate that despite the significant success of the TB program stigma is yet prevalent in the community. Future ACSM activities should engage community members against stigma and promote child TB related information for further improvement of BRAC TB Control Programme

PENDAMPINGAN PENGUATAN LITERASI DASAR (MEMBACA, MENULIS, DAN BERHITUNG DI SDN 2 DUMAN

International and national survey results categorize Indonesia as low in literacy skills. In order to improve literacy skills in schools, Kemdikbud launched the School Literacy Movement (GLS). To realize this goal, the Participatory Work Lecture (KKP) group of UIN Mataram were located in Duman Village, West Lombok implemented a basic literacy strengthening work program at SDN 2 Duman. The method used is participatory action research (PAR) which consists of problem identification, focus group discussion, implementation and evaluation. After the activities were carried out, the results obtained were an increase in students' basic literacy as shown by the ability to read, write and count for students who previously could not read, write and count. In addition, there was an increase in students' interest and motivation in reading, writing and counting. This activity also received a good response from students, teachers and the community with a satisfaction level percentage of 92.5%. Keywords: literacy, reading, writing, numerac

Ciliogenesis Mechanisms Mediated by PAK2-ARL13B Signaling in Brain Endothelial Cells is Responsible for Vascular Stability

In the developing vasculature, cilia, microtubule-based organelles that project from the apical surface of endothelial cells (ECs), have been identified to function cell autonomously to promote vascular integrity and prevent hemorrhage. To date, the underlying mechanisms of endothelial cilia formation (ciliogenesis) are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms is likely to open new avenues for targeting EC-cilia to promote vascular stability. Here, we hypothesized that brain ECs ciliogenesis and the underlying mechanisms that control this process are critical for brain vascular stability. To investigate this hypothesis, we utilized multiple approaches including developmental zebrafish model system and primary cell culture systems. In the p21 activated kinase 2 (pak2a) zebrafish vascular stability mutant [redhead (rhd)] that shows cerebral hemorrhage, we observed significant decrease in cilia-inducing protein ADP Ribosylation Factor Like GTPase 13B (Arl13b), and a 4-fold decrease in cilia numbers. Overexpressing ARL13B-GFP fusion mRNA rescues the cilia numbers (1–2-fold) in brain vessels, and the cerebral hemorrhage phenotype. Further, this phenotypic rescue occurs at a critical time in development (24 h post fertilization), prior to initiation of blood flow to the brain vessels. Extensive biochemical mechanistic studies in primary human brain microvascular ECs implicate ligands platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) trigger PAK2-ARL13B ciliogenesis and signal through cell surface VEGFR-2 receptor. Thus, collectively, we have implicated a critical brain ECs ciliogenesis signal that converges on PAK2-ARL13B proteins to promote vascular stability

Electrical discharge machining of polycrystalline diamond using copper electrode – finishing condition

Research on machining process of Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) is becoming important as the material was believed suitable to be used for cutting tools of advanced aeronautical structure. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) was regarded as the suitable method to machine PCD due its noncontact process nature. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of several EDM parameter such as sparking current, pulse duration, and pulse interval to the material removal rate and surface roughness of the machined PCD. Instead of significantly influenced the material removal rate, the sparking current was also highly influenced tha surface roughness. Highest material removal rate of approximately 0.005mm3/s was recorded by the EDM process with the highest current used of 5A, and lowest pulse interval of 1µs. The influence of pulse duration is not clearly seen at the lowest pulse interval used. On the other hand, 0.4µm was the lowest surface roughness value obtained in this research indicated by the highest sparking current, highest sparking duration and lowest sparking interval of 5A, 1µs and 1µs respectively

Heavy metal contamination in retailed food in Bangladesh: a dietary public health risk assessment

IntroductionContamination with heavy and toxic metals along the food value chain is a public health concern in Bangladesh. MethodsIn this study, 608 fish and chicken samples from traditional and modern retail outlets in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas were collected and analyzed for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contamination, using atomic absorption spectrometry method. The daily intake, target hazard quotient and the target carcinogenic risk (for lead only) as a result of fish and chicken consumption was calculated based on mean results, and by Monte Carlo simulation in @Risk with 100,000 iterations (quantitative risk assessment). ResultsCr and Cd were detected in 80-86% of both chicken meat and fish samples, while Pb positivity found in chicken meat and fish was 54.9 and 23.3%, respectively. The mean concentration (+/- SD) of Cr, Cd, and Pb in chicken meat were 0.66 +/- 0.93, 0.02 +/- 0.03, and 0.09 +/- 0.10 mg/kg, respectively; and in fish were 0.49 +/- 0.62, 0.02 +/- 0.03, and 0.06 +/- 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated daily intakes of Cr, Cd, and Pb from chicken and fish were lower than the maximum tolerable daily intake in all studied areas. In addition, the target carcinogenic risk for Pb in chicken was lower than the negligible range, which indicated the risk of cancer due to exposure to Pb through chicken meat and fish consumption was very low. DiscussionThe present study concludes that consumption of chicken meat and fish in Bangladesh, currently at very low levels, is unlikely to constitute a major health risk for humans in respect to these metals. However, continuous market surveillance for heavy metals in food stuff is recommended, especially since consumers may increase their meat intake

Cilia Proteins are Biomarkers of Altered Flow in the Vasculature

Cilia, microtubule-based organelles that project from the apical luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs), are widely regarded as low-flow sensors. Previous reports suggest that upon high shear stress, cilia on the EC surface are lost, and more recent evidence suggests that deciliation—the physical removal of cilia from the cell surface—is a predominant mechanism for cilia loss in mammalian cells. Thus, we hypothesized that EC deciliation facilitated by changes in shear stress would manifest in increased abundance of cilia-related proteins in circulation. To test this hypothesis, we performed shear stress experiments that mimicked flow conditions from low to high shear stress in human primary cells and a zebrafish model system. In the primary cells, we showed that upon shear stress induction, indeed, ciliary fragments were observed in the effluent in vitro, and effluents contained ciliary proteins normally expressed in both endothelial and epithelial cells. In zebrafish, upon shear stress induction, fewer cilia-expressing ECs were observed. To test the translational relevance of these findings, we investigated our hypothesis using patient blood samples from sickle cell disease and found that plasma levels of ciliary proteins were elevated compared with healthy controls. Further, sickled red blood cells demonstrated high levels of ciliary protein (ARL13b) on their surface after adhesion to brain ECs. Brain ECs postinteraction with sickle RBCs showed high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Attenuating ROS levels in brain ECs decreased cilia protein levels on RBCs and rescued ciliary protein levels in brain ECs. Collectively, these data suggest that cilia and ciliary proteins in circulation are detectable under various altered-flow conditions, which could serve as a surrogate biomarker of the damaged endothelium