La industria vitivinícola colonial de Moquegua, Perú

La economía colonial de Moquegua estuvo dominada desde el siglo XVI por medio de la agroindustria del vino y del pisco. Un reconocimiento arqueológico en el valle identificó 130 sitios de bodegas e instalaciones para el prensar, fermentar y almacenar el vino, destilándolo en aguardiente, y la fabricación de vasijas de barro utilizadas para el almacenamiento (tinajas) y el transporte (botijas). Más de 7 millones de litros de vino podrían haber sido producidos en el valle para la época del "auge de brandy" del siglo XVIII. Los principales mercados para los productos vitivinícolas de Moquegua fueron las ricas regiones mineras del Alto Perú (actual Bolivia).Since the middle sixteenth century, the colonial economy of Moquegua was dominated by the wine and brandy agro-industry. An archaeological survey of the valley identified 130 bodega sites and facilities for pressing, fermenting, and storing the wine, distilling it into brandy, and manufacturing the earthenware vessels used for storage (tinajas) and transport (botijas). As much as 7 million liters of wine might have been produced annually in the valley at the height of the eighteenth century brandy boom. The primary markets for Moquegua’s viticultural products were the wealthy mining regions of Alto Peru (modern Bolivia)

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON GERIATRIC PRESCRIBING PATTERN AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

  Objectives: To identify potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) using Beers criteria 2015 and to recommend safer alternative medication for the above. To assess the medication adherence in geriatric patients and to categorize according to their adherence.Methods: This is prospective, interventional study. A total of 90 patients aged 65 years and above were involved in the study. Data were collected and recorded. The prescriptions were analyzed for appropriateness using updated Beers criteria 2015 and assess medication adherence using 8-item Morisky questionnaire.Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 65-74 years. Males (53%) showed predominance than females. The highest rate of (53%) polypharmacy was found in general medicine department than other departments. Out of 147 disease conditions observed, chronic renal failure (21.1%) was the most common condition. A total of 66 patients had comorbid conditions. Most frequently prescribed medications belonged to cardiovascular drugs (56; 14.62%). A total of 46 patients received PIMs; majority belonged to Category 1 - amitriptyline. Commonly prescribed medication in PIMs belonged to central nervous system medications (20%). Majority of patients were low adherent (51.11%) in which female patients showed preponderance in low adherence.Conclusion: Study showed prevalence of disease pattern, medication use, polypharmacy, PIMs, and medication adherence. It is important for pharmacists to stay updated and prescribers need to be educated and encouraged about Beers criteria for rational prescription for better pharmaceutical care and increased medication adherence

Comparison of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pre and post study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a group of heterogeneous disorders with the common elements of chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes medications play a crucial role in lowering blood sugar levels. The study aims to compare medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from urban and rural areas during pre and post visit. Methods: This pre and post-study was conducted from March to August 2022. A total of 104 participants were enrolled. Details have been obtained through data collection form. Medication adherence was measured using Hill-Bone medication adherence scale, and patient education was provided through leaflet. Results: The study included 54 females and 50 males. The correlation between medication adherence versus disease knowledge and drug knowledge was found out using Pearson’s correlation and the result is statistically significant. The medication adherence was found to be increased by 17.3% and 21.2% in rural and urban areas respectively. Inadequate follow-up and financial barriers were most accounted for medication non-adherence. Conclusions: The majority of type 2 diabetes patients have suboptimal treatment adherence which is associated with poor blood sugar control. We clinical pharmacists can tackle this problem of adherence through quality patient education

Promoter hypomethylation of NY-ESO-1, association with clinicopathological features and PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

Cancer-Testis antigens (CTA) are immunogenic molecules with normal tissue expression restricted to testes but with aberrant expression in up to 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Regulation of CTA expression is mediated in part through promoter DNA methylation. Recently, immunotherapy has altered treatment paradigms in NSCLC. Given its immunogenicity and ability to be re-expressed through demethylation, NY-ESO-1 promoter methylation, protein expression and its association with programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. Lung cancer cell line demethylation resulting from 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment was associated with both NY-ESO-1 and PD-L1 re-expression in vitro but not increased chemosensitivity. NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation was observed in 15/94 (16%) of patient samples and associated with positive protein expression (P < 0.0001). In contrast, PD-L1 expression was observed in 50/91 (55%) but strong expression in only 12/91 (13%) cases. There was no association between NY-ESO-1 and PD-L1 expression, despite resultant re-expression of both by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Importantly, NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation was found to be an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients not treated with chemotherapy (HR 3.59, P = 0.003) in multivariate analysis. In patients treated with chemotherapy there were no differences in survival associated with NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation. Collectively, these results provided supporting evidence for the potential use of NY-ESO-1 hypomethylation as a prognostic biomarker in stage 3 NSCLCs. In addition, these data highlight the potential to incorporate demethylating agents to enhance immune activation, in tumours currently devoid of immune infiltrates and expression of immune checkpoint genes

High-Resolution Chandra Spectroscopy Of Gamma Cassiopeiae (B0.5e)

gamma Cas is the prototypical classical B0.5e star and is now known to be the primary in a wide binary system. It has long been famous for its unique hard X-ray characteristics, among which are variations that correlate with changes in a number of optical light and UV line and continuum properties. These peculiarities have led to a picture in which processes on or near the Be star produce the observed X-ray emission. In this paper we report on a 53 ks Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observation of this target. An inspection of our spectrum shows that it is quite atypical for a massive star. The emission lines appear weak because of a strong short-wavelength continuum that arises from a hot plasma with kT = 11-12 keV. The spectrum exhibits many lines, the strongest of which are Lyalpha features of H-like species from Fe through the even-Z intermediate elements (S, Si, Mg, and Ne), down to O and N. Line ratios of the rif triplet for a variety of He-like ions and of Fe XVII are consistent with the dominance of collisional atomic processes. However, the presence of Fe and Si fluorescence K features indicates that photoionization also occurs in nearby cold gas. The line profiles indicate a mean velocity at rest with an rms line broadening of 500 km s(-1) and little or no asymmetry. An empirical global-fitting analysis of the line and continuum spectrum suggests that there are actually three or four plasma emission components. The first is the dominant hot ( 12 keV) component, of which some fraction (10%-30%) is heavily absorbed, while the remainder is affected by a much lower column density of only 3 x 10(21) cm(-2). The hot component has a Fe abundance of only 0.22 +/- 0.05 solar. The other two or three major emission components are warm and are responsible for most other emission lines. These components are dominated by plasma having temperatures near 0.1, 0.4, and 3 keV. Altogether, the warm components have an emission measure of about 14% of the hot component, a low column density, and a more nearly solar composition. The 100 eV component is consistent with X-ray temperatures associated with a wind in a typical early B star. Nonetheless, its emission measure is a few times higher than would be expected from this explanation. The strength of the fluorescence features and the dual-column absorption model for the hot plasma component suggest the presence near the hot sites of a cold gas structure with a column density of similar to10(23) cm(-2). Because this is also the value determined by Millar and Marlborough for the vertical column of the Be disk of gamma Cas, these attributes suggest that the X-ray emitting sources could be close to the disk and hence to the Be star. Finally, we discuss the probably related issues of the origin of the warm emission components, as well as the puzzling deficient Fe abundance in the hot component. It is possible that the latter anomaly is related to the FIP (abundance fractionation) effect found in certain coronal structures on the Sun and RS CVn stars. This would be yet another indication that the X-rays are produced in the immediate vicinity of the Be star

ETDB-Caltech: a blockchain-based distributed public database for electron tomography

Three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques like electron tomography provide valuable insights into cellular structures, and present significant challenges for data storage and dissemination. Here we explored a novel method to publicly release more than 11,000 such datasets, more than 30 TB in total, collected by our group. Our method, based on a peer-to-peer file sharing network built around a blockchain ledger, offers a distributed solution to data storage. In addition, we offer a user-friendly browser-based interface, https://etdb.caltech.edu, for anyone interested to explore and download our data. We discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of this system and provide tools for other groups to mine our data and/or use the same approach to share their own imaging datasets

Advances in actinomycete research: an ActinoBase review of 2019

The actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales within the phylum Actinobacteria. They include members with significant economic and medical importance, for example filamentous actinomycetes such as Streptomyces species, which have a propensity to produce a plethora of bioactive secondary metabolites and form symbioses with higher organisms, such as plants and insects. Studying these bacteria is challenging, but also fascinating and very rewarding. As a Microbiology Society initiative, members of the actinomycete research community have been developing a Wikipedia-style resource, called ActinoBase, the purpose of which is to aid in the study of these filamentous bacteria. This review will highlight 10 publications from 2019 that have been of special interest to the ActinoBase community, covering 4 major components of actinomycete research: (i) development and regulation; (ii) specialized metabolites; (iii) ecology and host interactions; and (iv) technology and methodology

Prolyl isomerase Pin1 is highly expressed in Her2-positive breast cancer and regulates erbB2 protein stability

Overexpression of HER-2/Neu occurs in about 25–30% of breast cancer patients and is indicative of poor prognosis. While Her2/Neu overexpression is primarily a result of erbB2 amplification, it has recently been recognized that erbB2 levels are also regulated on the protein level. However, factors that regulate Her2/Neu protein stability are less well understood. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 catalyzes the isomerization of specific pSer/Thr-Pro motifs that have been phosphorylated in response to mitogenic signaling. We have previously reported that Pin1-catalyzed post-phosphorylational modification of signal transduction modulates the oncogenic pathways downstream from c-neu. The goal of this study was to examine the expression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 in human Her2+ breast cancer, and to study if Pin1 affects the expression of Her2/Neu itself