Solutions of the fully compressible semi-geostrophic system

The fully compressible semi-geostrophic system is widely used in the modelling of large-scale atmospheric flows. In this paper, we prove rigorously the existence of weak Lagrangian solutions of this system, formulated in the original physical coordinates. In addition, we provide an alternative proof of the earlier result on the existence of weak solutions of this system expressed in the so-called geostrophic, or dual, coordinates. The proofs are based on the optimal transport formulation of the problem and on recent general results concerning transport problems posed in the Wasserstein space of probability measures

ARGUMENTOS CONTRA LA TORTURA Y LOS TRATOS CRUELES, INHUMANOS Y DEGRADANTES

Esta investigación persigue trasladar situaciones tratadas por la jurisprudencia de la Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos en lo que hace a la prohibición de tortura, tratos crueles, inhumanos y degradantes, al ámbito regional del MERCOSUR, especialmente desde Argentina y Brasil. En tal sentido, luego de ubicar disposiciones internacionales y puntos básicos en el tema, se persiguen respuestas sobre tres focos de atención: la teoría de la pena, la ejecución penitenciaria y la investigación. Desde aquí se introducen los análisis más recientes y más permeables contra una regla que se juzga absoluta y se los critica. La esfera política y jurídica, como la internas y externa son estudiadas en el objetivo de alcanzar en el presente y en el futuro, igual rechazo que en el pasado

En la búsqueda de un modelo adaptado de competencia para la corté suprema de justicia de la nacion

Gli autori si pongono il problema dell’ampia competenza della Corte Suprema argentina illustrando, con rigorosa precisione, gli elementi normativi costituzionali e non costituzionali. Questi ultimi, progressivamente adattati alle esigenze del contesto giuridico nazionale e interazionale, avrebbero inciso sulla suddetta competenza ampliandola. Così la Corte Suprema argentina, agli occhi degli autori, avrebbe perso gradualmente il carattere di eccezionalità proprio di tale organo dello Stato, diventando una terza istanza federale nella quale si vedrebbe oggi un rischio pressochè latente di collasso, o almeno di eccessivo sovraccarico di lavoro. Per questo il saggio propone l’analisi di possibili modelli alternativi, ricorrendo allo studio non solo del modello nordamericano, il quale va studiato anche nei suoi profili storici, ma anche dei diversi sistemi latinoamericani ed europei, sempre nel tentativo, di trovare un modello adatto di competenza per la Corte Suprema argentina e la particolare situazione giuridica del Paese australe, rilevata con acuta e aggiornatissima visione realistica

Agricultural Research

Besemer H, Addison C, Pelloni F, Porcari EM, Manning-Thomas N. Agricultural Research. In: Meier zu Verl C, Horstmann W, eds. Studies on Subject-Specific Requirements for Open Access Infrastructure. Bielefeld: Universitätsbibliothek; 2011: 19-68.Agricultural science combines amongst others applied socioeconomic disciplines, applied plant animal physiology and environmental sciences (soil science, hydrology, erosion/geomorphology). Research workflows, like for other applied sciences, depend on the disciplines and methods that are applied, as well as on the way that the organisation that does the research is embedded in the agricultural sector. This chapter was written from the perspective of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), a global partnership that unites organisations engaged in research for sustainable development with funders, including governments, foundations and international and regional organisations. CGIAR's mission implies working for international development, but many of the processes apply to national agricultural research organisations as well. As it impossible to give a general framework for research workflows in our field, we will present case studies from the CIAGR to illustrate the diversity

The Unified Method: I Non-Linearizable Problems on the Half-Line

Boundary value problems for integrable nonlinear evolution PDEs formulated on the half-line can be analyzed by the unified method introduced by one of the authors and used extensively in the literature. The implementation of this general method to this particular class of problems yields the solution in terms of the unique solution of a matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem formulated in the complex $k$-plane (the Fourier plane), which has a jump matrix with explicit $(x,t)$-dependence involving four scalar functions of $k$, called spectral functions. Two of these functions depend on the initial data, whereas the other two depend on all boundary values. The most difficult step of the new method is the characterization of the latter two spectral functions in terms of the given initial and boundary data, i.e. the elimination of the unknown boundary values. For certain boundary conditions, called linearizable, this can be achieved simply using algebraic manipulations. Here, we present an effective characterization of the spectral functions in terms of the given initial and boundary data for the general case of non-linearizable boundary conditions. This characterization is based on the analysis of the so-called global relation, on the analysis of the equations obtained from the global relation via certain transformations leaving the dispersion relation of the associated linearized PDE invariant, and on the computation of the large $k$ asymptotics of the eigenfunctions defining the relevant spectral functions.Comment: 39 page

Sphincter-sparing surgery after preoperative radiotherapy for low rectal cancers: feasibility, oncologic results and quality of life outcomes

The present study assesses the choice of surgical procedure, oncologic results and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in a retrospective cohort of 53 patients with low-lying rectal cancers (within 6 cm of the anal verge) treated surgically following preoperative radiotherapy (RT, median dose 45 Gy) with or without concomitant 5-fluorouracil. QOL was assessed in 23 patients by using two questionnaires developed by the QOL Study Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer: EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR38. After a median interval of 29 days from completion of RT, abdominoperineal resection (APR) was performed in 29 patients (55%), low anterior resection in 23 patients (20 with coloanal anastomosis) and transrectal excision in one patient. The 3-year actuarial overall survival and locoregional control rates were 71.4% and 77.5% respectively, with no differences observed between patients operated by APR or restorative procedures. For all scales of EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CR38, no significant differences in median scores were observed between the two surgical groups. Although patients having had APR tended to report a lower body image score (P = 0.12) and more sexual dysfunction in male patients, all APR patients tended to report better physical function, future perspective and global QOL. In conclusion, sphincter-sparing surgery after preoperative RT seems to be feasible, in routine practice, in a significant proportion of low rectal cancers without compromising the oncologic results. However, prospective studies are mandatory to confirm this finding and to clarify the putative QOL advantages of sphincter-conserving approaches. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

The Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem on the semi-line: Hilbert formulation and applications

The inverse spectral transform for the Zakharov-Shabat equation on the semi-line is reconsidered as a Hilbert problem. The boundary data induce an essential singularity at large k to one of the basic solutions. Then solving the inverse problem means solving a Hilbert problem with particular prescribed behavior. It is demonstrated that the direct and inverse problems are solved in a consistent way as soon as the spectral transform vanishes with 1/k at infinity in the whole upper half plane (where it may possess single poles) and is continuous and bounded on the real k-axis. The method is applied to stimulated Raman scattering and sine-Gordon (light cone) for which it is demonstrated that time evolution conserves the properties of the spectral transform.Comment: LaTex file, 1 figure, submitted to J. Phys.

Theoretical estimates of the anapole magnetizabilities of C4H4X2 cyclic molecules for X=O, S, Se, and Te

Calculations have been carried out for C4H4X2 cyclic molecules, with X=O, S, Se, and Te, characterized by the presence of magnetic-field induced toroidal electron currents and associated orbital anapole moments. The orbital anapole induced by a static nonuniform magnetic field B, with uniform curl C =∇× B, is rationalized via a second-rank anapole magnetizability tensor aαβ , defined as minus the second derivative of the second-order interaction energy with respect to the components Cα and Bβ. The average anapole magnetizability a equals −χ, the pseudoscalar obtained by spatial averaging of the dipole-quadrupole magnetizability χα,βγ . It has different sign for D and L enantiomeric systems and can therefore be used for chiral discrimination. Therefore, in an isotropic chiral medium, a homogeneous magnetic field induces an electronic anapole Aα, having the same magnitude, but opposite sign, for two enantiomorphs.Fil: Pagola, Gabriel Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ferraro, Marta Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Provasi, Patricio Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnologica; ArgentinaFil: Pelloni, Stefano. Universidad de Modena y Reggio Emilia. Departamento de Química; ItaliaFil: Lazzeretti, Paolo. Universidad de Modena y Reggio Emilia. Departamento de Química; Italia; Itali