Application of supercritical carbon dioxide in fabrication of materials with repellent properties based on pyrethrins

U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji su ispitane mogućnosti natkritične impregnacije (NKI) različitih polimernih nosača (pamučna tkanina, polipropilenski (PP) netkani materijal, poliamidni (PA) tekstilni materijali (tkanina, nanovlakna) i acetat celuloze (AC) u formi granula i filmova) ekstraktom piretrina, kako bi se istražila mogućnost dobijanja funkcionalizovanih materijala sa repelentnim svojstvima. Kao aktivna supstanca u procesima impregnacije je korišćen ekstrakt piretrina iz cveta Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium zbog svog dokazanog insekticidnog dejstva. Rastvorljivost ekstrakta piretrina u natkritičnom ugljenik(IV)-oksidu (nkCO2) i mogućnost NKI odabranih polimera ekstraktom, ispitane su korišćenjem sledeće opreme: ćelija za rad pod visokim pritiscima (25 cm3) i laboratorijsko postrojenje za rad pod visokim pritiscima (300 cm3), primenom statičke metode. Otpuštanje ekstrakta iz impregniranih supstrata je ispitivano na vazduhu tokom 30 dana u kontrolisanim uslovima temperature (25 °C) u digitalnom inkubatoru. Impregnirani nosači su analizirani sledećim metodama: FT-IR, FE-SEM, DSC, HPLC i metodom živine porozimetrije. Vrednosti rastvorljivosti ekstrakta piretrina u nkCO2 bile su u opsegu od 15,09-48,69 kg/m3. Sadržaji impregniranog ekstrakta na pamučnoj tkanini od 0,5% i 1% obezbedili su repelentnu aktivnost materijala protiv krpelja. Impregnacija PP netkanog materijala je omogućila inkorporaciju velikih količina ekstrakta piretrina u polimer (do 78,01%), dok su prinosi impregnacije polimera na bazi PA bili u opsegu od 4,55-59,59%, a za AC od 0,86-30,43%. Impregnirana PP vlakna su pokazala sposobnost da otpuste velike količine ekstrakta (>70% tokom 30 dana), dok je sadržaj impregniranog ekstrakta u PA polimerima ostao stabilan nakon ispitivanog perioda.This PhD thesis was aimed to investigate the possibility of supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) of selected polymer materials (cotton fabric, polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric, polyamide (PA) polymers (fabric, nanofibres) and polymers of cellulose acetate (CA) in the form of granules and films) with pyrethrin extract in order to develop functionalized materials with repellant properties. Pyrethrum extract obtained from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium with proven insecticidal properities was selected as an active substance in the impregnation experiments. Determination of the pyrethrum extract solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and the SSI of selected solids with the same extract were studied in the high pressure view cell (25 cm3) and the high pressure laboratory system (300 cm3) using a static mode. The pyrethrum extract release from the impregnated substrates was evaluated by exposing them to air for 30 days under controlled temperature (25 °C) with an use of digital incubator. Impregnated substrates were analized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, DSC, HPLC and mercury intrusion porosimetry methods. The solubilities of pyrethrum extract in scCO2 were in the range of 15.09-48.69 kg/m3. Impregnated cotton fabrics with pyrethrum contents of 0.5% and 1% exhibited significant repellent activity against ticks. The SSI enabled incorporation of large amounts of the extract into the PP non-woven fabric (up to 78.01%). Impregnation yields of PA and CA polymers were in the range of 4.55-59.59% and 0.86-30.43%, respectively. The impregnated PP non-woven fabrics revieled potential to release large amounts of repellent (>70% for 30 days period), while repellent content in the impregnated PA substrates remined stable after 30 days of exposure to air

Can stigma become a resource? The mobilisation of aesthetic–corporal capital by female immigrant entrepreneurs from Brazil

The proportion and visibility of Brazilian women and particularly the specific images of Brazil and Brazilians in the Portuguese imaginary have contributed to the construction of new versions of stigma and stereotypes surrounding them. Mainstream images of Brazilian women have incorporated prejudices about the sensuality of Creole women who are reminiscent of the Portuguese colonial imaginary. Starting from this stigmatised image, we show how Brazilian women entrepreneurs in the ‘beauty’ business filière reinterpret and mobilise this perceived negative image, transforming it into an added value associated with an ‘aesthetic’ Brazilian body culture. This idea of ‘body’ aesthetics becomes a business resource transformed into aesthetic– corporal capital, a key component of the Brazilian beauty business filière. Empirically, this research is based on qualitative elements, in particular 25 interviews with Brazilian women entrepreneurs of the beauty filière working in Portugal, collected for the project BELTS-W (Brazilian Entrepreneurial Links and Transnational Strategies – Women).This article is an output of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) sponsored project PIHM/GC/0111/2008 and Brazilian Entrepreneurial Links and Transnational Strategies-Women (BELTS-W)

A worldwide perspective on the management and control of Dothistroma needle blight

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini is a damaging disease of pine in many countries. The disease led to the abandonment of planting susceptible Pinus species in parts of Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. Although the disease can be effectively controlled using copper fungicides, this chemical is only routinely applied in forests in New Zealand and Australia. Other management tactics aimed at making conditions less favourable for disease development, such as thinning or pruning, may be effective on some, but not all, sites. Disease avoidance, by planting non-susceptible species, is the most common form of management in Europe, along with deployment of hosts with strong disease resistance. Although D. septosporum is present almost everywhere Pinus is grown, it is important that an effort is maintained to exclude introductions of new haplotypes that could increase virulence or enable host resistance to be overcome. A global strategy to exclude new introductions of Dothistroma and other damaging forest pathogens, facilitated by collaborative programmes and legislation, is needed.This study was partially supported by the EU COST Action FP1102 DIAROD (Determining Invasiveness and Risk of Dothistroma, http:// www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/fps/FP1102)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1439-03292017-10-31hb2017Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsPlant Scienc

Functionalization of polypropylene, polyamide and cellulose acetate materials with pyrethrum extract as a natural repellent in supercritical carbon dioxide

This study discusses the possibility of supercritical solvent impregnation of polypropylene and polyamide fabrics as well as cellulose acetate in the form of beads and films with pyrethrum extract in order to fabricate functionalized materials with repellent properties. Impregnation experiments were performed at temperature of 40 degrees C and pressures of 10 and 20 MPa in supercritical carbon dioxide. The time of impregnation was varied from 0.5 to 18 h. Loadings of pyrethrum extract into polypropylene fabrics and cellulose acetate films higher than 30% were attainable at 10 MPa. In the case of polyamide fabrics and cellulose acetate beads, the pressure of 20 MPa was needed for obtaining the loadings higher than 11%. Pyrethrum extract release study revealed different capabilities of the tested materials for the repellent release, implying a variety of their possible applications. The impregnated solids were characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, Mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses and HPLC analyses

Conflict-sensitive Journalism? Journalistic Role perceptions and practices in democratization conflicts

The chapter explores diverging implications of global democratic decline for public communication in new and old democracies. It draws on empirical evidence from a government-sponsored smear campaign against Serbia’s ombudsman between January and May 2015, including data from quantitative and qualitative analyses of print and electronic media and of Twitter content and from semi-structured interviews with key political, civil society and media actors. The analyses of the main arenas of conflict showed the prevalence of emotions and personal beliefs, as opposed to evidence, in public debates, just like in old democracies. It also revealed, however, a much broader repertoire of strategic deception and authoritarian manipulation, which resulted in sharp polarization in public discourse, systematic violations of press freedom and political competition, and a sharply declining quality of journalism