¿De dónde vienes, corazón? ¿Existe un origen evolutivo del miocardio compacto y su vascularización común para todos los Vertebrados?

De dónde vienes, corazón? ¿Existe un origen evolutivo del miocardio compacto y su vascularización común para todos los Vertebrados? López-Unzu MA, Lorenzale M, Soto-Navarrete MT. Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga (Málaga) Hay preguntas que son comunes a cualquier rama del conocimiento que trate conceptos evolutivos. Una de las más frecuentes, sobre todo en el campo de la Biología Evolutiva, tiene que ver con la procedencia de los caracteres que comparten diferentes grupos de organismos. ¿Tienen esos caracteres un mismo origen evolutivo? El corazón de los condrictios y el de los mamíferos difieren anatómicamente. El corazón de los mamíferos se compone de cuatro cámaras (dos aurículas y dos ventrículos) que conectan con un sistema circulatorio doble. En cambio, el de los condrictios consta de seis segmentos (seno venoso, atrio, región atrio-ventricular, ventrículo, cono arterioso y bulbo arterioso) y bombea la sangre a través de un sistema circulatorio sencillo. La disposición estructural del músculo cardiaco también es diferente en los condrictios y los mamíferos. En los mamíferos el miocardio es de tipo compacto y está irrigado por arterias coronarias. En los condrictios el tipo de miocardio y su vascularización muestran una variación que abarca desde un miocardio de tipo mixto, compuesto por una capa compacta, externa, y otra trabeculada o esponjosa, interna, irrigado por arterias coronarias, hasta un miocardio trabeculado, que puede presentar coronarias o ser avascular. Con estos datos expuestos, se han planteado las cuestiones siguientes. En los primeros vertebrados, ¿qué tipo de miocardio existió?, ¿tenían corazones avasculares o irrigados por arterias coronaria? ¿Tiene la vascularización cardiaca de los vertebrados un origen común o ha aparecido más de una vez? Para indagar acerca de estas cuestiones, se han abordado un estudio que incluye un análisis histomorfológico comparado del miocardio en corazones adultos de diferentes especies de vertebrados, un estudio descriptivo del desarrollo del miocardio y su vascularización en una especie representativa de los condrictios y, por último, la detección diferencial de proteínas cardiacas mediante técnicas en biología molecular y su localización aplicando técnicas inmunohistoquímicas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. CGL2014-52356-P (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, España), FEDER y FPU15/03209 (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Madrid, España)

La válvula aórtica bicúspide: un estudio embrionario y genético en el hámster sirio

La válvula aórtica bicúspide: un estudio embrionario y genético en el hámster sirio. Soto-Navarrete MT, Peterse C, López-Unzu MA, Lorenzale M. Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga. La válvula aórtica bicúspide (VAB) es la enfermedad cardiaca más frecuente en el hombre. Consiste en una reducción anatómica del número de elementos que componen una válvula normal (tricúspide). La válvula se sitúa en el límite aorta-ventrículo e impide el retroceso de la sangre al corazón. Esta malformación altera el funcionamiento valvular y tiene su origen en el desarrollo embrionario. Parece deberse a una extra-fusión de los cojines endocárdicos durante la tabicación del tracto de salida. A día de hoy se desconoce el mecanismo de fusión de dichos cojines, y por ello nuestro grupo plantea dos hipótesis: que una vez contactan los cojines se desencadena un proceso de muerte celular programada (apoptosis) de las células que los tapizan (endocardio) o que, tras el contacto, estas mismas células se transforman en otro tipo celular (transición epitelio-mesénquima, TEM). La VAB suele asociarse a patologías como la dilatación aórtica. Esta relación es por un lado física, como consecuencia de la alteración de la dirección del flujo sanguíneo, y por otro genética, debido a la aparición de alteraciones a nivel estructural en la pared de la aorta de pacientes con VAB. La Universidad de Málaga cuenta con el único modelo animal espontáneo de VAB, una cepa isogénica de hámster sirio con una elevada incidencia de VAB asociada a alteraciones en la pared aórtica. Esta cepa se utilizará en este estudio para cumplir con los siguientes objetivos: 1) dilucidar el mecanismo de fusión de los cojines endocárdicos para poder explicar el origen de la VAB, y 2) estudiar los genes implicados en la asociación VAB-dilatación con el fin de desarrollar un test genético para pacientes en riesgo. Para cumplir con ambos objetivos se están llevando a cabo técnicas celulares y moleculares que abarcan inmunohistoquímica, cultivo ex vivo de embriones, TUNEL, Western Blot, PCR/RTqPCR y secuenciación (proteica y génica).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. FPU15/03209 (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Madrid, España

Investigating Piezochromic Properties of πconjugated Materials: a combined Raman and DFT Study

Π-conjugated materials have been studied for decades due to their great interest in organic electronics. Among them, piezochromic materials, which exhibit color changes resulting from external pressure or mechanical grinding, become very attractive from a scientific viewpoint owing to their potential applications as pressure-sensing and opticalrecording systems1. The main target of the present work is to develop a joint experimental and theoretical approach able to deliver crucial information for the understanding of the structural effects causing piezochromic changes. To this end, we will focus our attention on two families of -conjugated materials with potential application as sensors. The first one is a family of 9,10-Bis((E)-n(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl) anthracene, BPnVA (n=2 orto-,3 metha- and 4 para-) compounds, see Figure 1. Interestingly, these three compounds with varying position of the nitrogen on the external pyridyl group exhibit different molecular packing modes. Grinding and the application of external pressure on the powder also led to a strong change in their photoluminescence color.2 The second familiy is based on the N,N’-Bis-Boc-3,3’-di(pyren-1yl)-2,2’-biindole compound (compound 1c in Figure 1) which also shows photoluminescence under pressure application. However, the molecular packing induced by this phenomenon is still under study 3. In both cases, it will be also very interesting to determine how temperature affects the vibrational structure of these systems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

La válvula aórtica bicúspide: un estudio embrionario y genético en el hámster sirio

La válvula aórtica bicúspide: un estudio embrionario y genético en el hámster sirio. Soto-Navarrete MT, Peterse C, López-Unzu MA, Lorenzale M. Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga. La válvula aórtica bicúspide (VAB) es la enfermedad cardiaca más frecuente en el hombre. Consiste en una reducción anatómica del número de elementos que componen una válvula normal (tricúspide). La válvula se sitúa en el límite aorta-ventrículo e impide el retroceso de la sangre al corazón. Esta malformación altera el funcionamiento valvular y tiene su origen en el desarrollo embrionario. Parece deberse a una extra-fusión de los cojines endocárdicos durante la tabicación del tracto de salida. A día de hoy se desconoce el mecanismo de fusión de dichos cojines, y por ello nuestro grupo plantea dos hipótesis: que una vez contactan los cojines se desencadena un proceso de muerte celular programada (apoptosis) de las células que los tapizan (endocardio) o que, tras el contacto, estas mismas células se transforman en otro tipo celular (transición epitelio-mesénquima, TEM). La VAB suele asociarse a patologías como la dilatación aórtica. Esta relación es por un lado física, como consecuencia de la alteración de la dirección del flujo sanguíneo, y por otro genética, debido a la aparición de alteraciones a nivel estructural en la pared de la aorta de pacientes con VAB. La Universidad de Málaga cuenta con el único modelo animal espontáneo de VAB, una cepa isogénica de hámster sirio con una elevada incidencia de VAB asociada a alteraciones en la pared aórtica. Esta cepa se utilizará en este estudio para cumplir con los siguientes objetivos: 1) dilucidar el mecanismo de fusión de los cojines endocárdicos para poder explicar el origen de la VAB, y 2) estudiar los genes implicados en la asociación VAB-dilatación con el fin de desarrollar un test genético para pacientes en riesgo. Para cumplir con ambos objetivos se están llevando a cabo técnicas celulares y moleculares que abarcan inmunohistoquímica, cultivo ex vivo de embriones, TUNEL, Western Blot, PCR/RTqPCR y secuenciación (proteica y génica).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. FPU15/03209 (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Madrid, España

Crowdlending: mapping the core literature and research frontiers

[EN] Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending uses two-sided platforms to link borrowers with a crowd of lenders. Despite considerable diversity in crowdlending research, studies in this area typically focus on several common research topics, including information asymmetries, social capital, communication channels, and rating-based models. This young research field is still expanding. However, its importance has increased considerably since 2018. This rise in importance suggests that P2P lending may offer a promising new scientific research field. This paper presents a bibliometric study based on keyword co-occurrence, author and reference co-citations, and bibliographic coupling. The paper thus maps the key features of P2P lending research. Although many of the most cited papers are purely financial, some focus on behavioral finance. The trend in this field is toward innovative finance based on new technologies. The conclusions of this study provide valuable insight for researchers, managers, and policymakers to understand the current and future status of this field. The variables that affect new financial contexts and the strategies that promote technology-based financial environments must be investigated in the future.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.Ribeiro-Navarrete, S.; Piñeiro-Chousa, J.; López-Cabarcos, MÁ.; Palacios Marqués, D. (2022). Crowdlending: mapping the core literature and research frontiers. Review of Managerial Science. 16(8):2381-2411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00491-82381241116

Theoretical understanding of the increment of upon protonation of pyridine peripheral octupolar molecules: Toward nonlinear optical sensors

6 pages, 6 tables, 4 figures.In this article, we present a computational study of the nonlinear optical properties of pyridine-based octupolar molecules in their neutral and fully triprotonated states. The effect of the core substitution and the degree of conjugation with the periphery has been also established and confirms the possibility of fine-tuning the nonlinear optical response. Computations involving the time-dependent density-functional theory approach serve to further explore the existence of excited states with nonzero dipole moment. From these results, the origin of the high second-order nonlinear optical activity upon protonation is addressed.The present work was supported in part by the Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior DGES, MEC, Spain through research Project Nos. CTQ2006-14987-C02-01 and CTQ2005-01368. The authors are also indebted to Junta de Andalucía and Gobierno de Aragón Spain for funding their research groups FQM-0159 and E39. M.C.R.D. is grateful to the MEC/Fulbright for her Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Georgia Institute of Techology. J.C. is grateful to the MEC of Spain for an I3 professorship position of Chemistry at the University of Málaga and M.M.O. acknowledges the MEC for a personal grant.Peer reviewe

Ventricular myocardial trabeculation in chondrichthyans. Evolutionary implications

The formation of trabeculae (trabeculation) in vertebrates occurs during cardiac development in the three structural types of ventricular myocardium, namely, compact, spongy and mixed. The compact type is mainly composed of compacted muscular fibers and the spongy type of muscular trabeculae. The mixed type, with an inner trabecular and an outer compact layer, has been proposed as the primitive condition in gnathostomes. In vertebrate models, trabeculation initiates following two alternative mechanisms: (1) in chicken and mouse, the endocardial cells evaginate towards the two-layered myocardium; (2) in zebrafish, cardiomyocytes from the mono-layered myocardium invaginate towards the endocardium. Trabeculation in the mixed myocardium has not been described yet. We have studied the mixed myocardium formation in the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula, Elasmobranchii) using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. At stage 27, the ventricle consists of a two-layered myocardium internally lined by endocardium, both separated by cardiac jelly. Trabeculation starts at stage 28, when small spaces between cardiomyocytes appear, the cardiac jelly become thinner and the endocardium focally contacts the myocardium. At stage 29 the spaces between cardiomyocytes increase in size and get lined by the endocardium, shaping the presumptive trabeculae. At later stages, the trabeculae increase in complexity and the outer cardiomyocytes proliferate and get compacted, delineating the definitive trabeculated and compact myocardia. We conclude that early trabeculation in elasmobranchs matches that described in tetrapods. Thus, the mechanism of trabeculation of the mixed ventricular myocardium has been conserved in the formation of the compact myocardium of tetrapods. Additional studies in actinopterygians with different myocardial types may uncover how trabeculation has evolved during the evolution of gnathostomes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. CGL2017-85090-P, FPU15/03209, UMAJI75 and FEDER

Enhanced Water Demand Analysis via Symbolic Approximation within an Epidemiology-Based Forecasting Framework

[EN] Epidemiology-based models have shown to have successful adaptations to deal with challenges coming from various areas of Engineering, such as those related to energy use or asset management. This paper deals with urban water demand, and data analysis is based on an Epidemiology tool-set herein developed. This combination represents a novel framework in urban hydraulics. Specifically, various reduction tools for time series analyses based on a symbolic approximate (SAX) coding technique able to deal with simple versions of data sets are presented. Then, a neural-network-based model that uses SAX-based knowledge-generation from various time series is shown to improve forecasting abilities. This knowledge is produced by identifying water distribution district metered areas of high similarity to a given target area and sharing demand patterns with the latter. The proposal has been tested with databases from a Brazilian water utility, providing key knowledge for improving water management and hydraulic operation of the distribution system. This novel analysis framework shows several benefits in terms of accuracy and performance of neural network models for water demand.Navarrete-López, CF.; Herrera Fernández, AM.; Brentan, BM.; Luvizotto Jr., E.; Izquierdo Sebastián, J. (2019). Enhanced Water Demand Analysis via Symbolic Approximation within an Epidemiology-Based Forecasting Framework. Water. 11(246):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020246S11711246Fecarotta, O., Carravetta, A., Morani, M., & Padulano, R. (2018). Optimal Pump Scheduling for Urban Drainage under Variable Flow Conditions. Resources, 7(4), 73. doi:10.3390/resources7040073Creaco, E., & Pezzinga, G. (2018). Comparison of Algorithms for the Optimal Location of Control Valves for Leakage Reduction in WDNs. Water, 10(4), 466. doi:10.3390/w10040466Nguyen, K. A., Stewart, R. A., Zhang, H., Sahin, O., & Siriwardene, N. (2018). Re-engineering traditional urban water management practices with smart metering and informatics. Environmental Modelling & Software, 101, 256-267. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.12.015Adamowski, J., & Karapataki, C. (2010). Comparison of Multivariate Regression and Artificial Neural Networks for Peak Urban Water-Demand Forecasting: Evaluation of Different ANN Learning Algorithms. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 15(10), 729-743. doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000245Caiado, J. (2010). Performance of Combined Double Seasonal Univariate Time Series Models for Forecasting Water Demand. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 15(3), 215-222. doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000182Herrera, M., Torgo, L., Izquierdo, J., & Pérez-García, R. (2010). Predictive models for forecasting hourly urban water demand. Journal of Hydrology, 387(1-2), 141-150. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.04.005Msiza, I. S., Nelwamondo, F. V., & Marwala, T. (2008). Water Demand Prediction using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression. Journal of Computers, 3(11). doi:10.4304/jcp.3.11.1-8Tiwari, M., Adamowski, J., & Adamowski, K. (2016). Water demand forecasting using extreme learning machines. Journal of Water and Land Development, 28(1), 37-52. doi:10.1515/jwld-2016-0004Vijayalaksmi, D. P., & Babu, K. S. J. (2015). Water Supply System Demand Forecasting Using Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 950-956. doi:10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.119Zhou, L., Xia, J., Yu, L., Wang, Y., Shi, Y., Cai, S., & Nie, S. (2016). Using a Hybrid Model to Forecast the Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Humans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(4), 355. doi:10.3390/ijerph13040355Cadenas, E., Rivera, W., Campos-Amezcua, R., & Heard, C. (2016). Wind Speed Prediction Using a Univariate ARIMA Model and a Multivariate NARX Model. Energies, 9(2), 109. doi:10.3390/en9020109Zhang, G. P. (2003). 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Coronary artery high take-off in rodents and the possible involvement of Smad2

The coronary arteries (CAs) supply the mammalian heart with oxygenated blood. They arise from the right and left aortic valve sinuses at the aortic root. In humans, the occurrence of a CA arising ectopically from the tubular aorta, a condition called high take-off (HTO), is rare (A (Smad2C>A) allele is associated with HTO in this species. In order to test whether HTO occurs in association with Smad2C>A in other rodents, we examined the anatomical origin of the CAs, by means of stereomicroscopy and a corrosion cast technique, in 3,388 specimens belonging to 17 rodent species. In addition, Smad2 DNA sequence from M. musculus was compared by Blastn analyses with that from six of the species examined in which this sequence is known (Mus spretus, Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Myodes glareolus, Mesocricetus auratus, Microtus agrestis). HTO occurred in nine out of 17 species studied. The incidence of HTO ranged from 0.4% to 6.5% (low) in three species and from 15.9% to 25% (high) in six species. The Smad2 sequence showed similarities higher than 75% for the whole gene, and higher than 71% for the intron sequence that includes the rs29725537:C>A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. The Smad2C>A allele was identified only in M. spretus and A. sylvaticus, with high incidences of HTO, whereas R. norvegicus, M. glareolus, M. auratus and M. agrestis showed low or null incidences. We conclude that HTO is a common trait in rodents, which does not lead to cardiac pathology probably due to the intramyocardial condition of their CAs, as opposed to the human subepicardial CAs. The Smad2C>A allele may be involved in the development of HTO and probably other phenotypes in different rodent species.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Funding: CGL2017-85090-P, FPU15/03209, UMAJI75 and FEDER